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Who celebrates the day of the Black Sea Fleet. Day of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, name and history of development. Recent milestones

Who celebrates the day of the Black Sea Fleet. Day of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, name and history of development. Recent milestones

Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy

Emblem of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy

Black Sea Fleet Day of the Russian Navy is an annual holiday celebrated on May 13 in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet. The day was established in 1996.
May 13, 1783 to Akhtiarskaya Bay, located in the southwestern part Crimean peninsula Black Sea, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla entered under the command of a participant Battle of Chesme Vice Admiral F.A. Klokacheva. Later they were joined by 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla, these first 28 ships became the combat core of the nascent fleet.

Ivan Aivazovsky Black Sea Fleet in Feodosia

The first staff of the Black Sea Fleet was approved in 1785. For 13 and a half thousand personnel there were: 12 battleships, 20 frigates, 5 schooners, 23 transport ships. The fleet was controlled by the Black Sea Admiralty, created in Kherson.
In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was given the name Sevastopol. Translated from Greek language the word "Sevastopol" means "majestic".
Soon the city and port of Sevastopol became the main base of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea. The history of the fleet was glorified by outstanding Russian naval commanders: Fyodor Ushakov, Mikhail Lazarev, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov.

The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet became famous in many battles, defending the borders of the Motherland and successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them - in Russian-Turkish War 1787-1791, in Crimean War 1853–1856, in the First World War and, of course, during the Great War Patriotic War.
Today the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is an operational-strategic association Navy Russian Federation at the Black Sea. As an integral part of the country's Navy, it is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the south.

To carry out its tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops. Its ship composition includes more than 2.5 thousand different ships - sailing, battleships, large missile, patrol, reconnaissance, landing, small missile, mine-sweeping ships, squadron battleships and destroyers, cruisers, submarines, sea hunters, gunboats , boats, rescue, auxiliary, hydrographic vessels and others.

2018-05-13 15:15

Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy- an annual holiday celebrated on May 13 in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet. The day was established in 1996 by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy.

235 years ago, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Empress Catherine II signed a decree establishing the Black Sea Fleet. On May 13, 1783, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla under the command of Vice Admiral F.A., a participant in the Battle of Chesme, entered Akhtiarskaya Bay, located in the southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula of the Black Sea. Klokacheva. Later they were joined by 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla, these first 28 ships became the combat core of the nascent fleet. The first staff of the Black Sea Fleet was approved in 1785. For 13 and a half thousand personnel there were: 12 battleships, 20 frigates, 5 schooners, 23 transport ships. The fleet was controlled by the Black Sea Admiralty, created in Kherson.

In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was given the name Sevastopol. Translated from Greek, the word “Sevastopol” means “majestic”. Soon the city and port of Sevastopol became the main base of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea. The history of the fleet was glorified by outstanding Russian naval commanders: Fyodor Ushakov, Mikhail Lazarev, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov. The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet became famous in many battles, defending the borders of the Motherland and successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them - in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791, in the Crimean War of 1853-1856, in the First World War and, of course, during the Great Patriotic War.

Today, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is the operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea. As an integral part of the country's Navy, it is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the south. The headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet is located in Sevastopol.
The main tasks of the Black Sea Fleet currently are: protection of the economic zone and areas production activities, suppression of illegal production activities; ensuring navigation safety; carrying out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.).
To carry out its tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.

Photo from the official website of the Russian Ministry of Defense

Black Sea Fleet Day in Russia is celebrated annually on May 13. It was established in 1996 by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. The Black Sea Fleet (BSF) is the operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea and a means of ensuring military security in the south of the country.

According to historical events, in the spring of 1783, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Empress Catherine II signed a decree establishing the Black Sea Fleet. This event adds significance to this holiday.

The history of the formation of the Black Sea Fleet begins in the second half of the 18th century, when Russia achieved significant success in the struggle for access to the seas and established itself on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas.

On May 13, 1783, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla under the command of a participant in the Battle of Chesme, Vice Admiral F.A., entered Akhtiarskaya Bay, located in the southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula. Klokacheva. Later they were joined by 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla.

These first 28 ships became the combat core of the nascent fleet. The first staff of the Black Sea Fleet was approved in 1785. For 13 and a half thousand personnel there were:

12 battleships;
20 frigates;
5 schooners;
23 transport vessels.

The fleet was controlled by the Black Sea Admiralty, created in Kherson.

People who created the history of the Black Sea Fleet

In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was given the worthy name of Sevastopol. Translated from Greek, the word “Sevastopol” means “majestic”.

Soon Sevastopol with its port became the main base of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea. The history of the fleet was glorified by outstanding Russian naval commanders: Fyodor Ushakov, Mikhail Lazarev, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov.

The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet became famous in many battles, defending the borders of the Motherland and successfully completing the tasks assigned to them:

in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791;
in the Crimean War of 1853-1856.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, the Black Sea Fleet had become a serious fighting force in southern Russia. By the fall of 1917, it consisted of 177 warships and had a transport flotilla. In the First World War and, of course, during the Great Patriotic War, the Black Sea Fleet created a reliable defense of the country.

Celebrating Black Sea Fleet Day in Russia today

The main tasks of the Black Sea Fleet at present are:

protection of the economic zone and areas of industrial activity;
suppression of illegal production activities;
ensuring navigation safety;
carrying out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business events, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces).

To carry out its tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.

"On the introduction of annual holidays and professional days in the specialty."

The Black Sea Fleet (BSF) is the operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, and is a means of ensuring Russia’s military security in the south of the country. To carry out its tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.

The history of the origin and formation of the Black Sea Fleet dates back to the second half of the 18th century, when Russia achieved major successes in the struggle for access to the seas and established itself on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas. In 1773, the Black Sea squadron, created on the basis of the Azov flotilla, successfully operated on the Black Sea. She was based in Kerch and carried out cruising service in two detachments between Balaklava, Feodosia and Sudzhuk-Kale (now Novorossiysk).

The squadron consisted of small vessels that were unable to withstand the Turkish fleet on the high seas. In this regard, on December 22 (December 11, old style), 1775, a decree of Catherine II was issued, which determined the main directions for the construction of the fleet on the Black Sea. In 1778, the city of Kherson with a shipyard was founded to build deep-drawn sea vessels and bring them directly into the Black Sea.

At this time, despite the peace treaty signed in 1774, a complex diplomatic struggle for Crimea unfolded between Russia and Turkey. As a result of hard work and comprehensive justification, supported by decisive movements of Russian troops, on April 19 (April 8, old style), 1783, Catherine II issued a manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire.

To protect the lands conquered from Turkey and ensure navigation on the Black Sea, Russia needed a strong fleet. Long time There was a search for convenient places to base the main forces of the fleet. One of these bays turned out to be Akhtiarskaya, located on the southwestern coast of the Crimean Peninsula, near the ruins of ancient Chersonesos.

On May 13 (May 2, old style), 1783, a squadron of five frigates and eight other ships of the Azov flotilla arrived in Akhtiarskaya Bay under the command of Vice Admiral Fedot Klokachev, appointed in January 1783 commander of the “fleet established in the Black and Azov Seas.” Since that time, the naval forces in the south of Russia began to be called the Black Sea Fleet (BSF), and the date of entry of the forces of the Azov flotilla into Akhtiar Bay is generally considered to be the day of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet.

Akhtiarskaya Bay became the main base for the fleet's ships. On June 14 (June 3, old style), 1783, the first four buildings of the future city and port were laid in a solemn ceremony. Initially it was called Akhtiar (White Cliff), and then, in accordance with the decree of Catherine II of February 21 (February 10, old style) 1784, it was named Sevastopol ("Worthy City").
In 1785, the first staff of the Black Sea Fleet was approved, according to which it was to have 12 battleships, 20 large frigates, five combat schooners, 18 transport and auxiliary vessels.

In the 18th-19th centuries, the Black Sea Fleet successfully operated in the wars of Russia with Turkey, France and other states (victories at Fidonisi, Kaliakria, Corfu, in the Athonite and Sinop naval battles, and others). Black Sea sailors fought valiantly during the Sevastopol defense of 1854-1855. After defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-1856, Russia lost the right to have a navy in the Black Sea.

Only after these restrictions were lifted in 1871 did it begin to create the Black Sea Fleet under the program of building a steam armored fleet.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, the Black Sea Fleet had become a serious fighting force in southern Russia. By the fall of 1917, it consisted of 177 warships and had a transport flotilla.

Sailors of the Black Sea Fleet accepted Active participation in the revolutionary events of 1917, and from the spring of 1918 they participated in the fight against the advancing forces of German troops. After the occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol, the Black Sea Fleet relocated to Novorossiysk, where, in order to avoid capture by the Germans, almost all the ships were scuttled in June 1918.

In May 1920, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) was formed Naval forces Black and Azov seas(from January 1935 - again the Black Sea Fleet). The restoration of the Black Sea Fleet began, strengthening it with ships transferred from the Baltic. In 1929-1937, he received more than 500 warships of various classes, hundreds of combat aircraft. Were created air Force(Air Force), Coastal Defense and System air defense Black Sea Fleet

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the Black Sea Fleet included battleship"Paris Commune" (later renamed "Sevastopol"), cruisers "Red Crimea", "Voroshilov", "Molotov", three leaders, 14 destroyers, 47 submarines, 15 minesweepers, four gunboats, two patrol ship, minelayer, 34 torpedo boats, ten hunter boats, auxiliary vessels.

The naval air force consisted of 625 aircraft.

During the war, the Black Sea Fleet defended bases and the coast, protected its communications, acted on enemy communications, and carried out air strikes on its coastal facilities. Together with ground forces defended Odessa, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk, Tuapse, participated in the battle for the Caucasus, in the Kerch-Feodosia and Kerch-Eltigen landing operations. Subsequently, he took part in the Novorossiysk-Taman, Crimean, Odessa, and Yassy-Kishinev operations. During the war, the fleet conducted 24 landing operations, 835 enemy ships and vessels were sunk, and 539 were damaged. For military merits, 18 ships, units and formations of the Black Sea Fleet were awarded the title of Guards, and 228 Black Sea soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Subsequently, having restored the infrastructure destroyed by the war, the Black Sea Fleet carried out tasks to protect the southern borders of the country. Ships, submarines and fleet aircraft performed combat service missions in various areas of the World Ocean. In 1965, the Black Sea Fleet was awarded the order Red Banner.

After the collapse of the USSR, from August 1992, the Black Sea Fleet existed as a united (Russian Federation and Ukraine). According to the bilateral agreements on the Black Sea Fleet of 1995 and 1997, on its basis, the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy were created with separate basing, and the status of the Russian fleet on the territory of Ukraine was determined.

On June 12, 1997, the historical St. Andrew's flag was again raised on the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, under which the Black Sea sailors resumed their participation in long-distance voyages not only in the Mediterranean Sea, but also in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans.

In 2010, the Black Sea Fleet organizationally became part of the Southern Military District.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

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For a long time there was a search for convenient places to base the main forces of the fleet. One of these bays turned out to be Akhtiarskaya, located on the southwestern coast of the Crimean Peninsula, near the ruins of ancient Chersonesos.

On May 13 (May 2, old style), 1783, a squadron of five frigates and eight other ships of the Azov flotilla arrived in Akhtiarskaya Bay under the command of Vice Admiral Fedot Klokachev, appointed in January 1783 commander of the “fleet established in the Black and Azov Seas.” On May 18 (May 7, old style), 11 ships of the Dnieper flotilla entered the bay. They formed the core of the new Russian fleet. Since that time, the naval forces in the south of Russia began to be called the Black Sea Fleet (BSF).

In 1785, the first staff of the Black Sea Fleet was approved, according to which it was to have 12 battleships, 20 large frigates, five combat schooners, 18 transport and auxiliary vessels.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, the Black Sea Fleet in southern Russia. By the fall of 1917, it consisted of 177 warships and had a transport flotilla.

Since the spring of 1918, sailors of the Black Sea Fleet took part in the fight against the advancing forces of German troops. After the occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol, the Black Sea Fleet relocated to Novorossiysk, where, in order to avoid capture by the Germans, almost all the ships were scuttled in June 1918.

In May 1920, the Naval Forces of the Black and Azov Seas were formed as part of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) (from January 1935 - again the Black Sea Fleet). The restoration of the Black Sea Fleet began, strengthening it with ships transferred from the Baltic. IN pre-war years The Black Sea Fleet was replenished with new ships and other military equipment. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the Black Sea Fleet included the battleship "Paris Commune" (later renamed "Sevastopol"), the cruisers "Red Crimea", "Voroshilov", "Molotov", three leaders, 14 destroyers, 47 submarines, 15 minesweepers, four gunboats, two patrol ships, a minelayer, 34 torpedo boats, ten hunter boats, auxiliary vessels. The naval air force consisted of 625 aircraft.

Subsequently, he took part in the Novorossiysk-Taman, Crimean, Odessa, and Yassy-Kishinev operations. During the war, the fleet conducted 24 landing operations, 835 enemy ships and vessels were sunk, and 539 were damaged. For military merits, 18 ships, units and formations of the Black Sea Fleet were awarded the title of Guards, and 228 Black Sea soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Black Sea Fleet was awarded the Order of the Red Banner (1965).

On April 27, 2010, the presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine in Kharkov (Ukraine) signed a bilateral agreement to extend the stay of the Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine until 2042.

In 2010, the Black Sea Fleet organizationally became part of the Southern Military District.

On April 2, 2014, in connection with the admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the formation of new subjects within the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, the President of Russia signed the Federal Law "On the termination of agreements relating to the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine" .

The Black Sea Fleet, as an integral part of the Navy, is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the south. To carry out its tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.

In accordance with the military shipbuilding program, by 2020 the Black Sea Fleet will have about 30 warships of various classes and support vessels.

The fleet has already been replenished with more than ten boats and auxiliary vessels for various purposes. Among them are the latest anti-sabotage boats "Grachonok", high-speed patrol boats "Raptor", diving boats of various projects and sea tugs.

Submarine formations of the Black Sea Fleet will be created in the amount of six units of Project 636.3 Varshavyanka.

Development of the basing system of the Black Sea Fleet of the current Federal Target Program "Creation of a basing system of the Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Russia in 2005-2020." As part of its implementation, 48 infrastructure facilities were put into operation in Novorossiysk and the locations of the coastal troops of the Black Sea Fleet in the city of Temryuk and the village of Utash.

It is planned to complete the construction of a geoport in Novorossiysk. with a unique protective pier will become another location for the Black Sea Fleet's forces, along with the basing of forces in the main base - the city of Sevastopol.

After Crimea joins the Russian Federation, Russia can have its ships not only in Sevastopol, but also in Feodosia, Donuzlav (180 kilometers northwest of Sevastopol), and its aircraft in Mirny near Evpatoria and in Belbek. The Black Sea Fleet will have a basing system on the Crimean Peninsula.

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