Unusual facts about space. Interesting facts about space. Other planets of the solar system

For many centuries, space has been and remains the greatest mystery. Its boundless expanses contain many different secrets that man has not yet been able to unravel. In many ways, this is precisely the key reason for the frantic desire in people since early childhood get off the ground and, leaving the planet, will set off on a flight between the stars. Space beckons and forces hundreds and thousands of people all over the Earth to explore it. Some mysteries have already been solved, and we have combined them into one single list interesting facts about space.

1. Any flower smells completely different when in space. This is all due to the fact that their smells on Earth, be it daisies or roses, depend on a whole series of various factors environment.

2. During the first landing on the Moon, the astronauts of the Apollo space shuttle smelled gunpowder, which made them very wary. They also noticed a strange, soft dust that penetrated even through protective suits.

3. Even if people had spaceships that could reach incredible speeds and overcome light years in moments, it would still be impossible to get to the edge of the Universe. This is due to the curvature of space - any object or object flying along a perfectly flat trajectory will still sooner or later return to its starting point. Scientists have managed to establish this, but they still cannot explain why this happens.

4. Among the most interesting facts about space is the cold welding that exists here. It was possible to establish that outside the earth's atmosphere, two bars of metal, when touched, will connect to each other, as if they were welded. If on our planet this requires high degree heat, then there is enough vacuum in space. The question immediately arises, what about shuttles and ships, because they are made of metal. Aren't there problems with them? Each of the spacecraft is prudently coated with an oxidizing agent, which makes cold welding impossible.

5. In fact, the incredible clustering of asteroids is just a cinematic technique to increase the intensity of what is happening on the screen. After all, there really is a lot of space between them, through which you can fly without difficulty and without danger, without colliding with anything significant.

6. Everyone has known for a long time, thanks to the tireless efforts of scientists, that the rays of the sun reach our planet in eight minutes, covering a route that is approximately equal to one hundred million miles. But in fact, the rays that warm us on cold days and burn us on hot days are more than 30 thousand years old. This is because they originate in the form of streams of energy in the depths of the sun, and due to internal attraction they take so long to reach its surface.

7. Few people know, but in outer space There is an alcohol cloud and it is not named because of its fancy shape or color. This is because it consists entirely of vinyl alcohol. Called Sagittarius B2, it is located 26 thousand light years away.

8. In 1843, dangerously close to the planet, a comet flew past the Earth, which was given the name “Great”. Its tail stretched behind it for almost 800 million kilometers, so for about a month after the comet flew by, the inhabitants of the Earth saw its stroke in the night sky.

Since ancient times, space has attracted people, interesting facts about the universe can bring you closer and interest you in space even more!

1. The most bright object The universe is a black hole. Its interior has such strong gravity that light cannot escape. It would be logical if the Black Hole could not be seen in the sky. But when the hole rotates, it absorbs not only cosmic bodies, but also clouds of gas that twist into a spiral shape. They make the Black Hole glow and bright. In addition, meteors drawn into the Black Hole ignite inside it due to high speed movements.
2. There is a giant bubble in the Universe, which contains only gas. It appeared, by the standards of the Universe, recently, only two billion years after the Big Bang. The length of the bubble is 200 million cosmic years, and the distance from Earth to the gas bubble is 12 billion cosmic years.

   

3. The light we see is thirty thousand years old. Photons spend so many years trying to get out of solar center to its surface. They reach the earth's surface very quickly - they spend only 8 minutes on it.

   

4. Saturn will not sink if you immerse it in a huge bathtub filled with water, but will remain on the surface. This happens because the density of all substances on this planet is half the density of water.

   

5. There is a body in the Solar System that is similar to Earth. It is called Titan and is a satellite of Saturn. On the surface of the body there are rivers, volcanoes, seas, and the atmosphere has a high density. The distance between Saturn and its satellite is approximately equal to the distance from us to the Sun, the ratio of body masses is approximately the same. But there will most likely be no intelligent life on Titan due to the reservoirs - they consist of methane and propane.

   

6. The most distant stars we see look like they did 14,000,000,000 years ago. The light from these stars reaches us through space after many billions of years, and has a speed of 300 thousand kilometers per second.

   

7. The sun is losing its weight very quickly. It has solar winds, during which sweat particles fly away from the surface. The Sun loses up to a billion kilograms per second, since even the smallest particle of dust (the size of a poppy seed) can kill a person.

   

8. Ursa Major is the most popular constellation. But, in fact, this is not a constellation at all, but an asterism. This term refers to the clusters of stars that a person sees in the sky, but in fact the distance between them is many light years, and they are in different galaxies. The angle of the Earth relative to these stars allows us to see the shape of the bucket.

   

9. If you put two pieces of metal next to each other in space, they will fuse together. This does not happen on Earth due to instantaneous oxidation.

   

10. Since 1980, the surface of the moon has been sold. To date, 7 percent of the Moon's area has been sold. 10 acres on the Earth's satellite cost 30 dollars. Along with the paper declaring ownership of the plot, the buyer is also given a photo of the plot taken from a satellite.

    

11. The Earth, besides the Moon, has three more satellites. At the end of the 19th century, scientists discovered an asteroid with a diameter of five meters, which revolved around the Sun at the frequency of the Earth, and therefore revolved next to the Blue Planet. For this reason, the asteroid was called the second satellite. After some time, three more similar satellites were discovered.

    

12. No sounds can be heard in space. Voyager tried to detect noise in space using a plasma wave, but it was not possible to hear the sound, since the gas in interstellar space is not so dense. If a sound wave passed through a cosmic gas cloud, the human ear would not hear anything, since the eardrums are not very sensitive.

    

13. People are made of stardust. When the Big Bang occurred, the resulting particles combined with helium and hydrogen, then, due to the high temperature, combined into elements, including iron.

    

14. No one knows how many stars there are in the Universe. They are counted in approximate numbers and only in the Milky Way. To count all the stars, the number of stars in the Milky Way must be multiplied by the number of galaxies. According to latest research, there are approximately 60 sextillion stars.

    

15. In space there is low pressure, which in zero gravity affects the spine. Astronauts can increase in height by about 3-5 centimeters during their journey.

    

On January 27, 1967, an international document was signed that formed the basis of space law and declared Space the property of all mankind. And for this day we have prepared for you a selection of the most amazing facts about the universe

1. A day on the planet Venus lasts longer than a year. And all because this planet rotates around the Sun noticeably faster than around own axis.

2. It is much easier to hide emotions in space, because due to the lack of gravity, it is simply physically impossible to cry there.

3. There is no wind on the Moon, so any trace left there will remain for centuries and even millennia.

4. The larger the planet, the stronger the force of gravity on it. So if on Earth a person weighs 60 kilograms, then on Jupiter (whose radius is more than 10 times the radius of the Earth) his weight would already be 142 kilograms.

5. The density of Saturn is almost half that of water. It turns out that if such a huge glass of water could be found, Saturn would float on its surface.

6. If you connect two metal parts in space, they will instantly weld to each other. On Earth, this is hindered by oxides that form on the surface of metals under the influence of our atmosphere.

7. Every year the Moon moves away from the Earth by almost four centimeters.

8. Due to the lack of atmosphere, all shadows on the Moon are completely black.

9. Anyone who is sure that there is nothing valuable in the outer space surrounding our planet should change their minds. In 2011, scientists discovered the planet PSR J1719-1438 b, almost entirely composed of diamond.

10. Lightning often occurs in space; scientists observe them on Mars and Saturn. In most cases, “black holes” are to blame for their appearance.

11. Everyone knows that falling stars visible from the Earth are actually meteors burning up in the Earth’s atmosphere. But the stars themselves can also move, just very, very rarely; This happens to only one celestial body out of a hundred million.

12. The water discovered on Mars is heavier than that on Earth: it contains five times more deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen with an additional neutron.

13. It has been proven that there is no magnetic field. However, the stones brought by the astronauts from the satellite had magnetic properties.

14. If even an insignificant amount of solar matter (for example, the size of a pinhead) fell on Earth, it would begin to absorb oxygen at such an incredible speed that it would destroy all life within a radius of 160 kilometers in less than a second!

15. The largest of known to mankind volcanoes located on Mars. The giant named “Olympus” has a length of more than 600 kilometers, and its height is 27 kilometers. This means that it is three times higher than the highest point on earth - Mount Everest.

16. Warming and giving us life solar energy originated in the solar core 30,000 years ago. She spent all these years trying to overcome the super-dense shell of the heavenly body.

17. Venus – the only planet A solar system that rotates counterclockwise.

18. Official scientific theory claims that a person is able to survive in outer space without a spacesuit for as long as ninety seconds, but only if he immediately exhales all the air from his lungs.

19. Scientists from Harvard University have proven that some of the Earth's rocks are of Martian origin. True, a very small part: only 0.67 percent.

20. Earth's gravity makes us lower: in outer space, the human spine “unclamps” by more than five centimeters.

Hi all!

A very interesting collection of facts about space for children.

Where did the Universe come from?

The universe is so big that we don't even know if it has boundaries. It arose about 13.7 billion years ago when the Big Bang occurred. At that moment, everything appeared: the matter from which stars and planets are made, the forces of interaction between particles of matter, even time and space were born in the process big bang. People cannot yet explain why this happened.

Time passed. The universe expanded in all directions and finally began to take shape. Tiny particles were born from the vortexes of energy. After hundreds of thousands of years, they merged and turned into atoms - the “bricks” that make up everything we see. At the same time, light appeared and began to move freely in space.

solar system

There are eight planets in our solar system, and they all revolve around the sun in the same direction. The gravitational force of the huge Sun holds the planets like an invisible rope, preventing them from breaking free and flying into space. The first four planets - if you count in order from the Sun - consist of rocks and are located quite close to the star. They are called planets terrestrial group. You can walk on the solid surface of these planets. The other four planets are composed entirely of gases. If you stand on their surface, you can fall through and fly right through the entire planet. These four gas giant There are many more terrestrial planets, and they are located very far from each other.

It has long been believed that the outermost planet in our solar system is Pluto, which lies beyond Neptune in a region called the Kuiper belt. But not so long ago, scientists decided that Pluto still cannot be considered a planet, because there are others in the Kuiper belt celestial bodies the same size and even larger (for example, Eris is a planetoid discovered in 2005).

If the Earth were a cherry tomato, what size would the other planets be? If we were holding the Earth - a cherry tomato - in our hands, then the Sun would be at a distance of 500 meters from us and would have a diameter of only 4.5 meters.

Milky Way

All the stars that are visible to us from Earth are part of large groups - galaxies that look like giant cosmic whirlpools. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way, or simply the Galaxy, and is shaped like a fireworks spinner. There are so many stars in it that a person cannot count in his entire life. Our Galaxy is constantly rotating, but very slowly: it takes as much as 225 million years to complete a revolution. You can see the Milky Way with your own eyes. To do this, you need to go out into nature, away from city lights, and look at the sky. There will be a milky white streak of light visible there. This is the Milky Way.

First walk on the moon

On July 21, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon. They wore spacesuits, the multilayer coating of which protected them from cold and cosmic radiation, and air tanks that allowed them to breathe in vacuum conditions. The suits were personal, and you could walk in them for up to 115 hours. On Earth, wearing such spacesuits is very difficult, but on the Moon they are almost weightless.

Sun and Earth

Every day we see the Sun moving across the sky, but this is an optical illusion. In fact, the Sun stands still, and the Earth rotates around it and around its own axis. In one day, the Earth makes a complete revolution around its axis, exposing different sides to the Sun. That is why it seems to us that the Sun rises and sets. It's like spinning around a bright lamp: it seems that it appears and then disappears.

Today, in times space rockets, satellites and lunar rovers, we have something to tell our children. However, the scale of the Universe is difficult to imagine even for an adult. All that remains is to come up with an interesting way to talk about space and introduce him to the basics of astronomy.

How to tell

Given the characteristics of childhood, it is very important to make the story simple and effective. To do this, you can use visual experiments. We describe examples of such experiments below. Thus, it will be much easier for the child to become familiar with thematic concepts that are difficult for him.

Today, parents are offered a large number of thematic materials that can also be used in their story.

Children preschool age perfectly absorb the information presented in game form, in the form of a fairy tale or poem.

And if you manage to captivate a child’s imagination, perhaps the child will not only become interested in astronomy, but also fall in love with this science.

When telling your child about space for the first time, think about the fact that maybe, as an adult, looking at the stars, he will remember your activities and smile.

What to tell

Introduction

Look at the sky. It seems that it is very close - stretch out your hand and touch the sun or the moon, but what if you climb onto the top of your head tall tree, then you will end up next to them. But actually it is not. Neither we can reach the sky with our hands, nor the trees with their tops. The sun, moon and stars are very far from us. These are large planets that you need to fly to in a spaceship.

There are 8 planets in the solar system. They all revolve around the Sun, constantly along the same path, which is called an orbit. And one of these planets is our Earth.

Sun

What to tell:

The sun is a large and very hot star, a huge, hot ball. It is very far away, but the heat from its rays reaches all the planets circling around it, and ours too. That's why it's warm here.

Not all stars are like the Sun. There are small stars, and medium ones, and huge ones - larger than the Sun.

The brightest among all the stars in the sky are the North Star and Sirius. The sun is much larger than our planet. If you compare them, it’s like a watermelon and a small pea.

Visual material:

To compare the size of the Sun with the size of the Earth, you can take a pumpkin or watermelon and a pea. The pea is our Earth, the pumpkin is the Sun.

The Earth is as much smaller than the Sun as a pea is smaller than a pumpkin.

What to tell:

The moon is a satellite of our planet; it is only three days away. The Moon moves around the Earth counterclockwise.

We see the moon only at night. The moon, as we see it in the sky, is not always the same shape. There are the following phases: new moon, crescent of the waxing moon, first quarter of the waxing moon, waxing moon, full moon and then decreasing: waning moon, quarter of the waning moon, crescent of the waning moon, new moon again.

If the crescent in the sky looks like the letter C, then the moon is “old” and waning. If we visually draw a stick and get the letter P, then the moon is growing.

These phases can be depicted for the child on paper or by cutting them out of colored cardboard.

Visual material:

To demonstrate why the moon is sometimes round and sometimes crescent-shaped, take a regular table lamp and a ball. Conduct an experiment together by creating a moon at home. Show your child that we only see the illuminated part of the ball.

Earth

What to tell:

Our planet is surrounded by an atmosphere. This is a protective layer that saves inhabitants from the sun ultraviolet radiation, as well as from most meteorites. It can be compared to a blanket of air. It is thanks to him that our planet has the air that we breathe.

The most important difference between the Earth and others is the presence of life on it.

It is believed that the rest of the space is lifeless. The belief and desire of people to find life on other planets forces us to design spaceships to travel into space in order to study it.

Visual material:

You can boil a chicken egg and use it as an example to see what the Earth’s atmosphere is like. Our planet is surrounded by a multi-layered atmosphere, just as the yolk of an egg is surrounded by white.

Other planets solar system

What to tell:

There are only 8 planets in the solar system. The largest of them is Jupiter. And the most interesting is Saturn, because it has huge rings around it.

Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune also have rings, but they cannot be seen from Earth.

Pluto was one of the last to be discovered. It was discovered in 1930. At first it was considered the ninth planet. But over time, they were assigned to another category of cosmic bodies - “dwarf planets”.

Planets are considered to be cosmic bodies that:

• revolve around some star (in the case of the Solar System, this is the Sun);
• have their own gravity, which explains their spherical (round) or close to spherical shape;
• are not located near other similar large bodies;
• are not stars.

Visual material:

To remember the names of all the planets in the solar system, you can learn a short rhyme:

All planets in order
Any of us can name:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
He is the eighth in a row.
And after him, then,
And the ninth planet
Called Pluto.

Stars

What to tell:

The closest star to us is the Sun. There are a huge number of stars in space that cannot be counted. Any star is a hot ball of gas that was formed from hydrogen molecules joined together.

A cluster of stars forms constellations.

Visual material:

To tell why the sun shines so brightly, take a regular flashlight or phosphor stars. With the lights off, hold them close to your baby so he can see how bright they burn.

Then slowly move to the end of the room, demonstrating that the luminous objects, moving away, become small and faded. Explain that the stars only appear small because they are very far away from us.

Telescopes help us see them closer by zooming in on images of stars and allowing us to see them better.

How a rocket flies

What to tell:

On April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. On this day in 1961, people's dream of flying into space came true - the first cosmonaut in history, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. Its flight around the Earth lasted 108 minutes. Since then, we have celebrated Cosmonautics Day every year on this day.

Visual material:

Inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. And then unclench your fingers and your ball will suddenly burst upward. This happens because air escapes from the balloon. And when the air runs out, the ball will fall.

Balloon flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it. Approximately according to the same principle, a rocket flies into space, only instead of air it has fuel. When burning, the fuel turns into gas and bursts back into flame.

A rocket is made of several parts called stages, and each stage has its own fuel tank.

The first stage runs out of fuel - it falls away, and the second stage engine immediately turns on and carries the rocket even faster and even higher. So only the third stage – the smallest and lightest – reaches space. It launches the cabin with the astronaut into orbit.

5 games on the topic

1. Game "What will we take with us into space"

Lay out the drawings in front of your child and ask them to choose what they can take with them on the spaceship.

These can be the following pictures: a book, a notebook, a spacesuit, an apple, candy, a tube of semolina, an alarm clock, a sausage.

2. Game "Space Dictionary"

The game will help the child replenish his lexicon words related to the theme of space.

Whoever can name the most words related to space wins.

For example: satellite, rocket, alien, planets, Moon, Earth, astronaut, spacesuit, etc.

3. Game "Say the opposite"

The goal of the game is to teach the child to choose words with opposite meanings - antonyms.

For example:
distant -...
tight -...
big -…
get up -…
bright -…
fly away -...
high -…
famous -…
include -…
dark -...

4. Game "Navigating by the stars"

Together with your child, imagine that you are sailors lost in Pacific Ocean. Ask your child to cut out little stars from paper and help them glue them on. reverse side tabletops so that the constellations Minor and Ursa Major.

Cover the table with a blanket - this will be your ship, take a flashlight and climb inside. It's night, the only compass has sunk, and all you can see are the stars above your heads (you can illuminate them with a flashlight).

Show your child how to use the stars to find their way.

Try together, looking at the stars, to determine which direction you should sail if you are heading east.

5. Game "Space Stones"

Every kitchen has baking foil. Such material can easily turn into space balls-rocks.

Scatter them in visible places so that the child can then collect these space stones. Then they can be thrown at a target or simply into a bowl, training accuracy.

Books for children on the theme of space

1. "Amazing starry sky. Atlas with stickers", S. Andreev;
2. "Discovering Space" by Morton Jenkins;
3. "Professor Astrocat and His Journey into Space", Dominic Walliman and Ben Newman;
4. "Cosmos", D. Kostyukov, Z. Surova;
5. "Fascinating astronomy", E. Kachur;
6. Series "Your first encyclopedia", book "Wonderful Planet", publishing house "Makhaon";
7. Series "The Very First Encyclopedia", book "Planet Earth", publishing house "Rosman";
8. “My first book about space”, K. Portsevsky, M. Lukyanov;
9. "Stars and Planets. Encyclopedia for Children", E. Prati;
10. "Petya's extraordinary adventures in space", A. Ivanov, V. Merzlenko.

Cartoons on the topic

1. Cartoon series "Children and Space";
2. Educational cartoon "Planet Earth";
3. Entertaining lessons from Sahakayants "Astronomy for the little ones";
4. "The Secret of the Third Planet";
5. "Dunno on the Moon";
6. "Monkeys in Space";
7. "Pep's Pig", episode "A Trip to the Moon";
8. "Star Dogs: Belka and Strelka";
9. "Belka and Strelka: Lunar Adventures";
10. "Egon and Donchi";
11. "The Lunar Expedition of Christopher Cullumbus";
12. "Tom and Jerry: Flight to Mars";
13. "The Mystery of the Red Planet";
14. "Planet 51";
15. "Big space adventure";
16. "Planet of the Wind";
17. "Let's fly to the moon";
18. "Wally"
19. "Treasure Planet";
20. "Smeshariki: pin code collection."

Where to look at the stars in Moscow

1. Observatories

Moscow City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity

m. University, st. Kosygina, 17, cor. 1Price: free.

Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State University(State Astronomical Institute named after P.K. Sternberg at Moscow State University)

Moscow, Universitetsky Prospekt, 13
Price: free.

Observatory at the Moscow Planetarium

m. Barrikadnaya, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 5, building 1
Price: on weekdays 250 rubles, on weekends 300 rubles.

People's Observatory on the territory of Gorky Park

m. Gorky Park, Oktyabrskaya.
Price: 200 rub.

People's Observatory on the territory of Sokolniki Park

m. Sokolniki, park territory
Price: 150 rub.
From Thursday to Sunday you can rent an external telescope for 50 rubles.

2. Planetariums

Moscow Planetarium

Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya st., 5, building 1
Price: from 100 rub.

Planetarium of the Central House of the Russian Army

Suvorovskaya sq., 2, building 32
Price: 200 rub.