Presentation of such different glaciers. Glaciers. Glacier formation. Iceberg Ice Shelf
What is a lake called? What are the signs of a lake? What is the difference between a lake and a river or sea? How do lakes differ based on the origin of their basins? Why are drainage lakes, as a rule, fresh, and drainless lakes salty? Is it possible to distinguish fresh lakes from salt lakes using a map? Can a lake be larger than the sea? Give an example. Can a lake be deeper than the sea? Give an example. From the listed objects, select lakes: Caspian, Nile, Baikal, Himalayas, Ladoga, Baltic, Mediterranean, Titicaca, Chad. 2
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Problem 5895: 1000*6= 35.3 0 C – temperature change 25 0 C-35 0 C-10 0 C => means there is a glacier Snow line at altitude: 10/6=1.7*1000=1700 m = 4195 m 10 that means there is a glacier Snow line at an altitude: 10/6=1.7*1000=1700 m 5895-1700= 4195 m 10"> that means there is a glacier Snow line at a height: 10/6=1.7*1000=1700 m 5895 -1700= 4195 m 10"> means there is a glacier Snow boundary at height: 10/6=1.7*1000=1700 m 5895-1700= 4195 m 10" title="Task 5895:1000*6= 35.3 0 C - temperature change 25 0 C-35 0 C-10 0 C => means there is a glacier Snow line at altitude: 10/6 = 1.7 * 1000 = 1700 m 5895-1700 = 4195 m 10"> title="Problem 5895: 1000*6= 35.3 0 C – temperature change 25 0 C-35 0 C-10 0 C => means there is a glacier Snow line at altitude: 10/6=1.7*1000=1700 m 5895- 1700= 4195 m 10"> !}
Cover glaciers Form in the polar regions 98.5% of the area of glaciers on Earth is occupied by glaciers of this type Thickness: from 100 m to 2000 m in Greenland, from 2000 to 4000 m in Antarctica Thickness: from 100 m to 2000 m in Greenland , from 2000 to 4000 m. - in Antarctica 13
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“...The appearance of monstrous ice sheets
meant the destruction of all organic life
on the ground. The territory of Europe, which is before
covered with tropical vegetation and
inhabited by elephants and hippos, suddenly
disappeared under endless masses of ice,
flooded everything - plains, lakes, seas,
hills..."
Ice, huge masses of ice that hid underneath
ourselves, the continents - this is the image of the glacial
period, the image of the nature of his cold world,
created by Jean Louis Agassiz, an outstanding
Swiss scientists XIX V., founder
glacial theory, or the doctrine of the ancients
glaciations.
WHAT IS A GLACIER?
Glacier is...natural accumulations
snow and ice, having
ability to move
moving ice accumulation
atmospheric origin on
land surface
Glacier formation
Glaciers are formed as a result of the accumulation andsubsequent conversion of atmospheric solids
precipitation (snow) with a positive long-term balance.
The general condition for the formation of glaciers is a combination
low air temperatures with large amounts of solids
precipitation, which occurs in cold countries
high latitudes and the top parts of the mountains. However, the more
the amount of precipitation, the higher the air temperature may be.
Thus, the annual amounts of solid precipitation vary from 30-50 mm per
Central Antarctica up to 4500 mm on the glaciers of Patagonia,
and the average summer temperature is from – 40 C in Central
Antarctica up to 15 C at the ends of the longest glaciers
Central Asia, Scandinavia, New Zealand, Patagonia.
The process of glacier formation is the process of turning snow into ice.
Snowflakes turn into grains underinfluence of evaporation, melting and
pressure of overlying layers.
Grainy ice - firn - is formed.
Firn is formed in the mountains above the snow
lines and in the polar regions, where
the fallen snow does not have time to melt over the summer.
Perito Moreno Glacier in Patagonia (southern Argentina)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANXUIzBCWv8Glaciers have different origins:
IntegumentaryMountain
Mountain covers MOUNTAIN GLACIERS
Formed where mountains reach
climatic snow limit,
located at a certain height in
atmosphere.
Mountain glaciers are divided into:
MountainProne
Dolinnye
Glacier in Glacier National Park VALLEY GLACIER
Cover glaciers are divided into:
Ice domes (large convexglaciers up to 1000m thick);
Ice sheets (convex glaciers
with a thickness of more than 1000 m and an area
over 50 thousand km.kv)
Outlet glaciers, ice sheets,
ice shelves.
Ice sheet glaciers
Contains most of the reserves freshwater on Earth. One medium iceberg
sizes consists of the same number
fresh water, which is carried out in a year
small river.
Ice sheet glaciers
COVER GLACIERS are located oncontinents or large islands, in those
areas where the climate is snowy
the border is located at ocean level. TO
These include the glaciers of Antarctica,
Greenland, Arctic islands.
Descending to the sea, the glacier forms an ice shelf located on the continental shelf shelf. The part that breaks off is called an iceberg
Iceberg Ice Shelf
Mountain cover glaciers are divided into:
Glaciers of the foothillsGlaciers
Reticulated foothills
glaciation is formed in
in case the climatic snow
the border is very low and
the amount of precipitation is high.
Glaciers formed in the mountains quickly
come out
Reticulate
glaciation
typical for
plain. Distributed
Iceland, Spitsbergen.
Alaska.
Glaciers of Spitsbergen
Hubbard Glacier (Alaska)
Glacier feeding
The main source of food for glaciers isprecipitation. To other sources
nutrition includes continental transport -
snow, transported, avalanche snow,
sublimation on the ice surface.
Glacier movement
Glaciers move along the slope of the terrain,movement is influenced by force
gravity.
To increase the speed of movement
is influenced by an increase in ice mass and
his temperature. In addition to such forced oscillations,
directly related to mass balance,
some glaciers are experiencing movement (
pulsations), which arise as
the result of processes within itself
glacier - spasmodic changes
conditions on the bed and redistribution
substances between areas of accumulation and
ablation (melting) without significant
changes in the total mass of ice. Glacial waters are sources
food for rivers Complete melting of glaciers
would lead to a rise in sea levels by
60 m and flooding of 10% of the land.
I introduce you to my methodological development on the topic: Glaciers for 6th grade. For the textbook by Gerasimov, Niklyukov. Lesson learning new material. The summary contains the presentation slides. . The presentation for the lesson was given at the competition Presentation competition "Electronic assistant!" took 3rd place.
Download:
Preview:
Lesson topic: Glaciers Date: 02/24/2010.
Target: form an idea of glaciers and permafrost.
Educational:
- Know
- Concepts: glacier, mountain and cover glaciers, mountain cover glaciers, snow boundary, moraine, icebergs.
- The difference between a mountain glacier and a cover glacier.
- Sources of glacier feeding: precipitation, continental transport, avalanche snow, sublimation on the ice surface.
- The process of glacier formation: firn, glacier ice, freezing (resolution).
- Be able to
- Determine the boundary of the snow line.
- Show glaciers and continental ice on a physical map of the hemispheres.
D evelopment:
- Talk about the influence of air temperature at the foot of the mountain on the height of the snow line.
- Continue development work:
- cognitive processes of schoolchildren’s personality: memory, geographical thinking, speech, spatial imagination;
- cartographic skills;
- cognitive interest in the subject.
Questions:
- Form a worldview idea of development and transformation geographic envelope when revealing the question of the origin of lake basins and their changes at the present stage.
- Continue work on geoecological education for schoolchildren.
Lesson type: learning new material.
Equipment:
1) textbook: initial course in geography. 6kl. T.P. Gerasimova N.P. Neklyukova, 2006;
2) physical map of the hemispheres, physical map of Russia;
3) atlas: 6th grade Geography initial course, 2006 Roscartography.
5) diagrams on tracing paper (see summary);
6) Beginner course geography. 6th grade: workbooks on geography: T.P. Gerasimova N.P. Neklyukova / A.V. Shakhtnykh. – 5th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2007. – 96.: ill., map.
Literature:
- Collection of tasks and exercises. on geography to the textbook T.P. Gerasimova, N.P. Neklyukova “Elementary course in geography. 6th grade”/E.V. Baranchikov. 2006;
- Geography: Popular Science Encyclopedia. – M.: JSC “ROSMAN-PRESS”, 2006. – 624 p. (Modern illustrated encyclopedia).
- Encyclopedia for children. Geography. – 4th, corrected/edited. board: M. Aksenova, A. Eliovich, D. Lyury and others - M.: World of Avanta+ encyclopedia, Astrel, 2007. 702, (2) p. : ill.
- General Geography: Textbook. A manual for students. higher ped. textbook establishments / Tatyana Mikhailovna Savtsova. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2003 – 416.
- General Geography: Textbook. a manual for university students studying specialties. “Geography” / S.G. Lyubushkina, K.V. Pashkang. A.V. Chernov; Ed. A.V. Chernova. – M.: Education, 2004. – 288 p.: ill.
- Methods of teaching geography at school: textbook. manual for university students / D.P. Finarov. – M.: AST:, KHRANITEL, 2007. – 382, (2) p.: ill.- (Higher School).
- Geography. : class: lesson plans based on the textbook by T.P. Gerasimova, N.P. Neklyukova / author. – comp. I.I. Nagornaya. – 2nd ed., stereotype. Volgograd: Teacher, 2008. – 168.
- Collection of tasks and exercises in geography: 6th grade. to the textbook by T.P. Gerasimova, N.P. Neklyukova “Elementary course in geography. 6th grade” / E.V. Baranchikov. M.: Publishing house “Examination”, 2006. – 127 (1) p., ill. (Series “Educational and Methodological Set”).
Duration: 40 min.
Structure and technological components of the lesson
Structural lesson elements | Time | Teaching methods | Methodical techniques | Means of education |
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| Partial search | Literary, technical, problem situation | graph projector |
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| Explanatory and illustrative combined with partial search | During the lesson, an explanatory narrative combined with a heuristic conversation predominates. Graphic, technical and cartographic techniques are used, working with a textbook. | FKP, FKR, atlases, geography textbooks, workbooks on geography, photographs of lowland and mountain rivers, diagrams for a graph projector, diagrams on tracing paper. |
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| Reproductive combined with partial search | Crossword, geography workbooks |
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| Analysis of lesson activities | |||
| Explanation of homework | Geography textbook |
DURING THE CLASSES
LESSON STAGE | TEACHER ACTIVITIES | STUDENT ACTIVITIES | TIME | MEANS OF EDUCATION |
material A. The concept of a glacier B) Mountain glaciers B) Cover glaciers
| Hello guys!!! Who is absent? Family check using the attendance/absence register. Guys, today we will study the glacial shell of the Earth i.e. "Glaciers". listen to how Jean Louis Agassiz wrote about glaciers“...The appearance of monstrous ice sheets meant the destruction of all organic life on Earth. The territory of Europe, which was previously covered with tropical vegetation and inhabited by elephants and hippopotamuses, suddenly disappeared under endless masses of ice, flooding everything - plains, lakes, seas, hills ... " Ice, huge masses of ice that hid continents underneath - this is the image of the Ice Age, the image of the nature of its cold world, created by Jean Louis Agassiz, an outstanding Swiss scientist of the 19th century, the founder of the glacial theory, or the doctrine of ancient glaciations. His emotional description conjures up many other images: seas clogged with icebergs, encased in unmelting ice; unrecognizable Europe and Siberia, buried under an Antarctic-like ice sheet. What is true in the picture painted by Agassiz, and what is just his fantasy? What are glaciers, when, how and why do they arise, grow and collapse, move and interact with the atmosphere, seas and oceans, and the earth’s crust? These and other questions, many of which were posed by Agassiz a century and a half ago, still concern researchers today. Some of them have already been answered, others are still a matter of debate. - We opened the textbooks on page 98 and read the definition of a glacier. Now we read how glacial ice differs from ice. Read on. The teacher talks about the formation of glaciers Glaciers are formed as a result of the accumulation and subsequent transformation of solid atmospheric precipitation (snow) with their positive long-term balance. MOUNTAIN GLACIERS form where mountains reach the climatic snow line, located at some altitude in the atmosphere. Mountain glaciers are dividedon: Mountain; Inclined;Valley Descending to the sea, the glacier forms an ice shelf located on the continental shelf shelf. The part that breaks off is called iceberg Mountain cover glaciers are divided into:Glaciers of the foothills; Reticulate glaciation Glaciers of the foothillsare formed if the climatic snow line is located very low and the amount of precipitation is high. Glaciers formed in the mountains quickly reach the plain. Distributed in Alaska. Mesh glaciation is typical for Iceland and Spitsbergen. Glaciers are of different origins: Glaciers; Mountain; Mountain covers. Let's complete the task on page 98. Read. Open Physical card hemispheres, find the Kilimanjaro volcano on the continent of Africa. Who found the volcano? What is the height of the volcano? Let's look at the symbols that indicate a glacier on the map. Let's look at the conditions of the problem. With altitude, the air temperature decreases by 6C every 1000m You know that water freezes at 0 degrees. COVER GLACIERS are located on continents or large islands, in those areas where the climatic snow line is located at ocean level. These include glaciers of Antarctica, Greenland, and Arctic islands. The teacher talks about mountain glaciers and shows slides with photographs of mountain glaciers. How do you think the glacier is fed? Glaciers move along the slope of the terrain, and the movement is influenced by gravity. The increase in movement speed is influenced by the increase in ice mass and its temperature. Glacial waters are sources of nutrition for rivers. The complete melting of glaciers would lead to a rise in sea levels by 60 m and the flooding of 10% of the land. Now let's review the material we covered. What is a glacier? What are the origins of glaciers? What is an iceberg and how is it formed? Lesson grades: – 5 Textbook paragraph 32 and questions and assignments after the paragraph. | Teachers listen Read the definition of a glacier Watching a presentation slide Is reading: Answers: Unlike the ice that covers our rivers and lakes in winter, glacial ice is formed not from water, but from snow. Watching the slide Listen to the teacher's story Watching the slide Listen to the teacher's story Watching the slide Watching the slide Listen to the teacher's explanation Watching the slide Listen to the teacher's story and watch the slides Listen to the teacher's story Watching the slides Is reading: Determine whether there is a glacier on the top of Mount Kilimanjaro if the temperature at the foot is +25C all year round. (WITH ALTITUDE, THE AIR TEMPERATURE DOWNS BY 6C every 1000m.) The answer is height 5895. There is no symbol on the map that would indicate that there is a glacier at the top of the volcano. 5*6=30 degrees 25-30=-5 degrees at an altitude of 5000m. Watching the presentation Listen to the teacher's story. Answers: The glacier is fed by precipitation - snow. They look at the slide. Teachers listen Watching the slide Watching the slide Answers: A glacier is a long-term accumulation of ice on land. Glaciers are: Answers: -Integumentary, mountain and mountain-integumentary. Answers: An iceberg is a block of ice that breaks away from an ice shelf. Write down tasks in a diary. | 2 minutes. 5 minutes. 30 min. 2 minutes. 1 min. | Presentation slide No. 1 Presentation slide No. 2 Presentation slide No. 3 Presentation slide No. 4 Presentation slide No. 5 Presentation slide No. 6 Presentation slide No. 7 Presentation slide No. 8 Presentation slide No. 9-10-11 Presentation slide No. 12 Presentation slide No. 13 Presentation slide No. 14-15-16 Presentation slide No. 17-18-19 Presentation slide No. 20 Presentation slide No. 21-22 Presentation slide No. 23 Glaciers “...The appearance of monstrous ice sheets meant the destruction of all organic life on Earth. The territory of Europe, which was previously covered by tropical vegetation and inhabited by elephants and hippopotamuses, suddenly disappeared under endless masses of ice, flooding everything - plains, lakes, seas, hills...” Ice, huge masses of ice that hid continents underneath - this is the image of the glacial period, an image of the nature of his cold world, created by Jean Louis Agassiz, an outstanding Swiss scientist of the 19th century, the founder of the glacial theory, or the doctrine of ancient glaciations. WHAT IS A GLACIER? a moving accumulation of ice of atmospheric origin on the surface of the land. Glacier is... natural accumulations of snow and ice that have the ability to move Formation of glaciers Glaciers are formed as a result of the accumulation and subsequent transformation of solid atmospheric precipitation (snow) with their positive long-term balance. The general condition for the formation of glaciers is a combination of low air temperatures with a large amount of solid precipitation, which occurs in cold countries of high latitudes and the top parts of mountains. However, the higher the precipitation amount, the higher the air temperatures can be. Thus, the annual amounts of solid precipitation vary from 30-50 mm in Central Antarctica to 4500 mm on the glaciers of Patagonia, and the average summer temperature from – 40 C in Central Antarctica to 15 C at the ends of the longest glaciers in Central Asia, Scandinavia, New Zealand, Patagonia . The process of glacier formation is the process of turning snow into ice. Snowflakes turn into grains under the influence of evaporation, melting and pressure from overlying layers. Grainy ice - firn - is formed. Firn is formed in the mountains above the snow line and in the polar regions, where the fallen snow does not have time to melt during the summer. Perito Moreno Glacier in Patagonia (southern Argentina) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANXUIzBCWv8 Glaciers are of different origins: Glaciers Mountain Glaciers Mountain-cover MOUNTAIN GLACIERS Form where mountains reach the climatic snow line, located at some altitude in the atmosphere. Mountain glaciers are divided into: Mountain Slope Valley Glacier in Glacier National Park VALLEY GLACIER Cover glaciers are divided into: Ice domes (large convex glaciers up to 1000 m thick); Ice sheets (convex glaciers with a thickness of more than 1000 m and an area of over 50 thousand km2) Outlet glaciers, ice sheets, ice shelves. Glaciers contain most of the fresh water on Earth. One medium-sized iceberg consists of the same amount of fresh water that a small river carries in a year. Cover glaciers Cover glaciers are located on continents or large islands, in those areas where the climatic snow line is located at ocean level. These include glaciers of Antarctica, Greenland, and Arctic islands. Descending to the sea, the glacier forms an ice shelf located on the continental shelf shelf. The part that breaks off is called an iceberg. Iceberg Ice Shelf Mountain cover glaciers are divided into: Foothill glaciers Reticulated glaciation Foothill glaciers are formed if the climatic snow line is located very low and the amount of precipitation is high. Glaciers formed in the mountains quickly reach the plain. Distributed in Alaska. Reticulate glaciation is typical for Iceland and Spitsbergen. Glaciers of Spitsbergen Hubbard Glacier (Alaska) Nutrition of the glacier The main source of nutrition for glaciers is precipitation. Other sources of nutrition include continental transport - transported snow, avalanche snow, sublimation on the ice surface. Glacier movement Glaciers move along the slope of the terrain, the movement is influenced by gravity. The increase in movement speed is influenced by the increase in ice mass and its temperature. In addition to such forced oscillations, directly related to the mass balance, some glaciers experience movements (pulsations), which arise as a result of processes within the glacier itself - abrupt changes in conditions on the bed and redistribution of matter between areas of accumulation and ablation (melting) without a significant change in the total mass of ice . Glacial waters are sources of nutrition for rivers. The complete melting of glaciers would lead to a rise in sea levels by 60 m and the flooding of 10% of the land. Homework 1. paragraph 32. 2. p. 101 answer questions and assignments in writing. “Glacier as a unique source of fresh water” INTRODUCTION Relevance of the chosen topic: I think this topic very important to me. While studying the section “Hydrosphere” in geography lessons, I became interested in the topic “Glaciers”. After all, glaciers contain a large supply of fresh water. The glacier is distinguished not only by its large supply of fresh water, but also by its amazing beauty. An example of such an amazing natural phenomenon is the Perito Moreno glacier. I wanted to find out for myself and tell others about this glacier, to show and tell the beauty of this natural phenomenon. Hypothesis: I hope others will be interested in the information about glaciers. Someone will want to know even more about them, about their beauty and unusualness. Objective of the project: Prove that the glacier is a unique source of fresh water. Show the beauty and uniqueness of an amazing natural phenomenon using the example of the Perito Moreno glacier. Project objectives: Getting to know the glaciers. Characteristics of glaciers. The beauty and uniqueness of the Perito Moreno glacier. Summarize and systematize the collected material: study reference and additional literature, using Internet resources on this topic, gaining new knowledge in geography lessons on the topic “Hydrosphere” and using them in preparation for the project, etc. Draw appropriate conclusions. Design research work(poster, presentation). Project type: Cognitive and researchJob. Project type: Individual. Type educational project by time spent: Short. Project implementation stages: Selection and analysis of popular science and fiction on this topic. Definition of goals and objectives. Planning upcoming activities aimed at implementing the project. Main stage: Collection and processing of information. Interaction with a geography teacher. Working in a group to create a poster. Individual work - creating a presentation. The final stage: Project protection. Poster “Sources of fresh water: glaciers and lakes” Presentation “Glacier as a unique source of fresh water” Fundamental question: What makes glaciers unique? Main part Project: “Glacier as a unique source of fresh water” (slide 1). Glaciers are fresh water frozen into ice (slide 2). Based on their appearance and the nature of their movement, glaciers are divided into two main types - continental (cover) and mountain. The former occupy about 98% of the area of modern glaciation, the latter – about 1.5%. (slide 3). Fresh water supply. The bulk of the world's fresh water reserves (or more than 25 million km3) are, as it were, conserved in the glaciers of the globe. These are the glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland, sea ice Arctic. Only in one summer season, when the natural melting of this natural ice, more than 7,000 km3 of fresh water could be obtained, and this amount exceeds all global water consumption. The glacier is distinguished not only by its large supply of fresh water, but also by its amazing beauty. An example of such an amazing natural phenomenon is the Perito Moreno glacier (slide 4). Perito Moreno (slide 5). Perito Moreno is the most beautiful glacier national park Los Glaciares, which is located in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz. Its area is 250 sq. km (slide 6). Perito Moreno is impressive in size. Ice blocks, 30 thousand years old, rise 70 meters above Lake Argentino. But this is just the tip of the iceberg, because another 500 meters are hidden under water. The last Perito Moreno collapses occurred in 2012, 2008, 2006, 2004 and 1988 (slide 8). The spectacular blue tint results from the fact that compressed ice is able to absorb all colors except blue (slide 9). Curious facts Visitors standing nearby hear a constant crackling sound, as if a giant ice machine is tossing and sighing. The beauty of the glacier (slide 14, 15,16,17,18). Thank you for your attention! (slide 19). CONCLUSION Research results: During his research activities II found out that glaciers contain a lot of fresh water. I saw how beautiful the glaciers are - unique sources of fresh water. At the end of the work, a presentation was created that showed the beauty of one of the glaciers - Perito Moreno. Defending my work in class aroused interest among classmates in this topic. Together with a classmate, I created a poster “Sources of fresh water - lakes and glaciers.” Resources: Literature: 1. Pivovarova G.P. By page entertaining geography. M.: Education, 1990. 2.Encyclopedia of a schoolchild. 4000 fascinating facts. M.:Makhaon, 2002. |