Presentation on the topic biography of Mendeleev in chemistry. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. Life and great discovery. Defense of doctoral dissertation

Katrich Elizaveta Vyacheslavovna

Vostochnenskaya average comprehensive school

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D.I.Mendeleev

Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834, in Tobolsk in the family of a gymnasium director. After graduating from the Tobolsk gymnasium, he was admitted to the department of natural sciences of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg.

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Education

In financial need, Mendeleev gave lessons and was engaged in literary work. In 1855 he graduated from the institute with a gold medal, but due to poor health he was forced to go south as a teacher at the gymnasium at the Richelieu Lyceum. Having recovered, Mendeleev defended his master's thesis in St. Petersburg in 1856 and began teaching a course organic chemistry at St. Petersburg University.

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"Boundary Chemistry" D.I. Mendeleev

In 1859-1861 he was on a business trip to Heidelberg “to improve his science.” Upon his return, Mendeleev wrote Organic Chemistry, the first Russian textbook on this discipline, which was awarded the Demidov Prize.

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Defense of doctoral dissertation

In 1865, Mendeleev defended his doctoral dissertation, in which he laid the foundations for a new theory of solutions, and became a professor at St. Petersburg University. Mendeleev also taught at other higher educational institutions.

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Mendeleev and the Russian Chemical Society

Took Active participation in public life, speaking in the press with demands for permission to give public lectures, protested against circulars restricting the rights of students, and discussed a new university charter. Mendeleev was one of the organizers of the Russian Chemical Society (1868).

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Termination of work at the university

In 1865, the scientist acquired the Boblovo estate in the Moscow province, where he was engaged in agrochemistry and agriculture. In 1869, Mendeleev discovered the periodic law chemical elements and by 1871 he wrote the classic work “Fundamentals of Chemistry.” In 1880, Mendeleev was nominated as an academician, but was voted out, which caused public outrage. In 1890, he left the university in protest against the oppression of students.

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Creation of the Main Chamber of Weights and Measures

In 1890-1895, Mendeleev was a consultant to the Scientific and Technical Laboratory of the Naval Ministry; in 1892 he established the production of the smokeless gunpowder he invented. Organizer and first director (1893-1907) of the Main Chamber of Weights and Measures.

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World fame

Mendeleev led a large expedition to study the industry of the Urals, participated in the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900, and developed a program for the economic transformation of Russia. In his last major works, “Treasured Thoughts” and “Toward the Knowledge of Russia,” Mendeleev summarized his ideas related to social, scientific and economic activity. Already during his lifetime he enjoyed worldwide fame.

Slide 10

The significance of the works of D.I. Mendeleev

Mendeleev left over 500 published works. He is the author basic research in chemistry, chemical technology, physics, metrology, aeronautics, meteorology, agriculture, economics, public education, etc., closely related to the needs of the development of the productive forces of Russia. In addition to opening periodic law chemical elements and writing the “Fundamentals of Chemistry” (the first harmonious presentation of inorganic chemistry), the scientist laid the foundations of the theory of solutions, proposed an industrial method for the fractional separation of oil, invented a type of smokeless gunpowder, and promoted the use of mineral fertilizers and irrigation of arid lands.

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End of life

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Mendeleev

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Life and scientific feat. The birth of a future genius. Father. In the same year he became blind and soon lost his position (died in 1847). Mother. A woman of outstanding intelligence and energy. She managed to run a small glass factory and take care of children at the same time. Tobolsk gymnasium. Mitya read a lot and drew a lot from books. Got carried away foreign languages. Pedagogical Institute. Pedagogical activity. Scientific activity. Trip abroad. In January 1859, Mendeleev was sent on a two-year business trip abroad. "Organic chemistry". Career. Job. Solutions. Gases. Awarded a medal French Society of Aeronautics. - Mendeleev.ppt

Chemistry of Mendeleev

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Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. Life and science. Objectives of the work: To get acquainted with the scientific activities of D.I. Mendeleev Bring to the attention of students the obtained data. Use this material to teach lessons. Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev is the father of D.I. Mendeleev. Smart and energetic woman. She had no education, she completed a gymnasium course on her own. Suitcases of D. I. Mendeleev. Chronicle creative life scientist. Scientific activity. He is the author of the first Russian textbook “Organic Chemistry. Periodic law. The first handwritten version of the periodic law. February 18, 1869. - Chemistry of Mendeleev.ppt

Life of Mendeleev

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Life and work of D.I. Mendeleev. “If you do not know names, then the knowledge of things will die” K. Liney. 1834, January 27 (February 6) - D.I. Mendeleev was born in the city of Tobolsk, in Siberia. Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (1793 - 1830), mother of the scientist. Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783 - 1847), father of the scientist. On July 18, D.I. Mendeleev graduated from the Tobolsk gymnasium. August 9, 1850 - June 20, 1855 while studying at the Main Pedagogical Institute. Discovery of the periodic law. Family. 1907, January 20 (February 2) D.I. Mendeleev died of heart paralysis. - Life of Mendeleev.ppt

Mendeleev biography

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D.I.Mendeleev is the pride of Russia. Author of the famous textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry". Conducted extensive research on solutions and properties of gases. He took an active part in the development of the coal and oil refining industries of Russia. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. Mendeleev in the traditional garb of a Doctor of Laws from the University of Edinburgh. Portrait by I.E. Repin. 1885 Portrait of the great scientist with an autograph. Pages of the biography of D.I. Mendeleev. Members of the commission for the inspection of the Ural mining plants. D. Mendeleev sits on the right. 1899 Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (left) and Clemens Wiikler. - Mendeleev biography.ppt

Mendeleev Dmitry Ivanovich

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The great Russian scientist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1901). Dmitry Mendeleev is 17 years old. Since 1861, Dmitry Ivanovich taught in St. Petersburg. Periodic Law (March 1, 1869). The structure of the atom (1911 E. Rutherford). Which element is missing? Which of the following substances exhibits the most pronounced metallic properties of Li, Cs, Na? Which of the following substances exhibits the most pronounced non-metallic properties F, I, Cl? “He worked hard and became a genius!” said Dmitry Ivanovich. Including V.I. Vernadsky and K.A. Timiryazev. D.I.Mendeleev flew on hot-air balloon during solar eclipse in 1867. - Mendeleev Dmitry Ivanovich.ppt

Biography of Dmitry Mendeleev

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Mendeleev. Biography. Origin. Theological school. Childhood. Family and Children. Heidelberg period. Permission to travel to Europe. Laboratory equipment. Takes part in the first International Chemical Congress. Founders of the Russian Chemical Society. Scientific activity. Definitions of physical constants. Author of fundamental research. In 1880 he put forward the idea of ​​underground gasification of coal. Periodic law. Basics of chemistry. Individual scientists. Specific volumes. Cover of the first publication. The first works of D. I. Mendeleev. Multifaceted research. - Biography of Dmitry Mendeleev.pptx

Life and work of Mendeleev

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Life and work of D.I. Mendeleev. “If you do not know names, then the knowledge of things will die” K. Liney. 1834, January 27 (February 6) - D.I. Mendeleev was born in the city of Tobolsk, in Siberia. Mendeleev's parents are of Russian origin. Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (1793 - 1830), mother of the scientist. Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783 - 1847), father of the scientist. On July 18, 1849, D.I. Mendeleev graduated from the Tobolsk gymnasium. Boblovo village. In 1865 he bought the Boblovo estate in the Moscow region. The building burned down in 1919. Discovery of the periodic law. Family. 1907, January 20 (February 2) D.I. Mendeleev died of heart paralysis. - Life and work of Mendeleev.ppt

Mendeleev and environmental protection

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DI. Mendeleev. Security problem environment. Offers. Works of a scientist in atmospheric chemistry. Literature analysis. DI. Mendeleev on the problems of nature conservation. Atmospheric chemistry. Chemistry of the hydrosphere. Requirements for production processes. Using "substances all over the place" Reducing losses in the production process. Selection of combustible material. Processing of production residues (waste). The greatest Russian scientist. Contribution to solving the problem of environmental protection. -




Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on January 27 (February 8, new style) 1834 in the family of the director of the Tobolsk gymnasium, Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev. At that moment, Mendeleev’s mother was already more than 40 years old. Two of his brothers and five sisters lived to see the birth of the “last child” (as the youngest was sometimes called in the family). Eight of the Mendeleev children died in infancy, and in 1820 Dmitry’s 14-year-old sister Maria died of consumption.


At the age of six, D.I. Mendeleev already knew how to read and write, knew arithmetic operations. He was sent to a gymnasium where his father had worked for many years. At that time, literature was taught by P.P. Ershov, the author of the famous fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse.” At the gymnasium, D.I. Mendeleev was not an excellent student and none of the teachers predicted a great future for him in science.


First successes in science. The fate of D.I. Mendeleev in the Main was different pedagogical institute St. Petersburg, where he entered in the fall of 1850. Outstanding Russian scientists taught at the institute. The chemistry course was taught by A.A. Voskresensky, lectures on mathematics were given by M.V. Ostrogradsky, on physics by E. H. Lenz. During his studies, his first scientific work was published. Mendeleev defended his diploma with excellent marks in 1885, receiving a gold medal and the title “Senior Teacher”.


Professor Mendeleev is working. In 1861, Mendeleev wrote the first in history Russian education textbook on organic chemistry. He is a professor at St. Petersburg University. At this time, he is preparing a new edition of the textbook, which will include descriptions of chemical elements.


Protection doctoral dissertation 1865 Business trip to Germany While in Germany, he participated in the International Congress of Chemists, held in the city of Karlsruhe in 1860. Participation in the congress pushed Mendeleev to create the periodic table. The discovery of the Periodic Law dates back to February 17 (March 1), 1869. The researcher entitled it as follows: “An experience of a system of elements based on their atomic weight and chemical similarity.” First high scientific award For the discovery of the Periodic Law, Mendeleev was awarded the Davy Medal in 1882 by the Royal Society of London.


“Fundamentals of Chemistry” (g.) Mendeleev’s periodic table became a guiding map in the study of inorganic chemistry. The periodic law was the foundation on which Mendeleev created his book Fundamentals of Chemistry (). In terms of the richness and courage of scientific thought, the originality of its coverage of the material, and its influence on the development and teaching of chemistry, this work had no equal in world literature. Mendeleev's book was published dozens of times different languages peace.


Contribution to science Not only chemistry, physics and Agriculture captivated our outstanding compatriot in those years. In 1870, he devoted a lot of time to studying the properties of oil, and was one of the first to propose a fractional principle for its distillation. His passion for mineralogy is clearly evidenced by his personal collection of minerals, which is still kept by the museum of the Department of Mineralogy of St. Petersburg University


Mendeleev also made major discoveries in the field of physics. In particular, he pointed out the existence of the absolute boiling point of liquids (), later called the critical temperature. In 1887, Mendeleev made a balloon ascent (without a pilot) to observe a solar eclipse and study upper layers atmosphere.







Research in the field of shipbuilding DI. Mendeleev independently developed a project for a high-latitude expeditionary icebreaker. He outlined a high-latitude “industrial” sea route passing near North Pole. In commemoration of the great contribution of D.I. Mendeleev, in the development of shipbuilding and the development of the Arctic, an underwater ridge in the Arctic Ocean and a modern oceanographic research vessel are named after him. Icebreaker designed by D.I. Mendeleev. The model was made according to drawings preserved in the scientist’s archive.


Research in the field of metrology D.I. Mendeleev owns a fundamental work in the field of metrology, “Experimental Study of Oscillations of Weights” (1898). In the process of studying the phenomenon of oscillation, D.I. Mendeleev designed a number of unique instruments: a differential pendulum for determining the hardness of substances, a flywheel pendulum for studying friction in bearings, a metronome pendulum, a pendulum-scales, etc.




"King of Sciences." His range of interests was unusually wide. Biographers estimate that he published 431 works: 40 of them were devoted to chemistry,106- physical chemistry, 99-physics, 99-technology and industry, 36-economic and general issues, 22-geography and 29-other topics. Chemist, physical chemist, physicist, metrologist, technologist, geologist. metrologist, aeronaut, shipbuilder, compiler and editor of encyclopedias, sociologist - all this refers to one scientist: Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev


Recognition D.I. Mendeleev was a member of more than 90 academies of sciences, scientific societies, universities different countries. Mendeleev's name is given to the chemical element 101 (mendelevium), an underwater mountain range and a crater on back side Moons, row educational institutions And scientific institutes. In 1962, the USSR Academy of Sciences established a prize and Gold medal them. Mendeleev for best works in chemistry and chemical technology, in 1964 the name of Mendeleev was included on the honor board of the University of Bridgeport in the USA along with the names of Euclid, Archimedes, N. Copernicus, G. Galileo, I. Newton, A. Lavoisier. However, the scientist simply signed his works and official appeals: “D. Mendeleev" or "Professor Mendeleev". Only in in rare cases the scientist added to his name the titles assigned to him by leading scientific institutions. EuclidArchimedesN. Copernicus G. GalileiI. NewtonA. Lavoisier


From the teachings of D.I. Mendeleev “You must live to fulfill the task of nature... Be able to be useful, needed and dear to others. This is how I myself lived or wanted to live... You must be active and thrifty, at the same time brave and noble... Pleasure will fly by - it will be for yourself, work will leave a trace of joy - for others. Learning - for yourself, the fruit of learning - for others. There is no other meaning in learning, otherwise it would not exist...” D.I. Mendeleev

Slide 1

D.I.Mendeleev
Discoveries and contributions to SCIENCE.

Slide 2

Origin
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on January 27, 1834 in Tobolsk in the family of Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev, who at that time held the position of director of the Tobolsk gymnasium (he later lost this position due to severe illness).

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Childhood
The childhood of D. I. Mendeleev coincided with the time of the exiled Decembrists in Siberia. The family lived for a long time in Yalutorovsk next to I. I. Pushchin. Also, his uncle V.D. Korniliev, the manager of the Trubetskoy princes, who often invited the Mendeleevs to visit their house and many famous writers and scientists, had a great influence on the worldview of the future scientist.

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Education and positions held
1843 – graduated from the Tobolsk gymnasium. 1855 - Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Pedagogical Institute. 1855 - senior teacher of natural sciences, 1856 - brilliantly defended his dissertation “for the right to give lectures”, October 10 - master of chemistry, 1857 - January 9 privatdozent, 1863 - professor.

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Scientific achievements
D.I. Mendeleev studied the phenomena of isomorphism, as well as the dependence of the properties of elements on the size of their atomic volumes. He discovered the “absolute boiling point of liquids” in 1860. He is the author of the first Russian textbook “Organic Chemistry”. In 1859 he designed a pycnometer, a device for determining the density of a liquid.

Created the hydration theory of solutions in 1865-1887. Found in 1874

general equation
On February 17, 1869, D.I. Mendeleev discovered one of the fundamental laws of nature - the periodic law of chemical elements. On March 6, 1869, the famous report of D.I. Mendeleev “Relationship of properties with the atomic weight of elements” was read at a meeting of the Russian Chemical Society and was soon published.

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Scientific contribution
This discovery marked the beginning new era in the development of chemistry and other related sciences - atomic physics, geochemistry. Before the discovery of the periodic law, the discovery in chemistry of new elements, new substances, new chemical reactions, as a rule, were unexpected and accidental. When chemistry received its leading theory in the periodic law, its development took on a systematic character. The existence of previously unknown elements is predicted.

  • DI. Mendeleev was born on January 27 (February 8), 1834.
  • in Tobolsk, the 17th child in the family of the gymnasium director Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev and his wife
  • Maria Dmitrievna (from an impoverished merchant family).
  • Origin
  • DI. Mendeleev studied at the Main Pedagogical Institute (1850-1855)
  • 1855 (age 21)
  • DI. Mendeleev graduated from the institute with a gold medal
  • In 1856 (22 years old) he brilliantly defended his graduation thesis on the topic: “Isomorphism in connection with other relations of form to composition”
  • The first publications and dissertations of D. I. Mendeleev (1855–1858)
  • 1854 – first printed article
  • "About the structure and chemical structure Finnish orthites"
  • 1855 – 1856
  • Dissertation submitted at the end of the course at the Main Pedagogical Institute
  • "Isomorphism in connection with other relations of form to composition"
  • 1856
  • Master's dissertation:
  • “About specific volumes”
  • 1856 – publication in the Mining Journal of the first part of the master's thesis
  • "Specific volumes"
  • 1856 – 1857
  • Dissertation for the right to lecture (pro venia legendi)
  • “On the structure of silica compounds”
  • 1858 – printed work reflecting the essence of the second part of the master's thesis
  • "About the connection of some physical properties bodies with their chemical reactions"
  • St. Petersburg University. D. I. Mendeleev taught (1857-1890) and lived (1866-1890) in this building
  • 1857 (January)
  • DI. Mendeleev (23 years old) was approved as a private associate professor at St. Petersburg University in the department of “Chemistry and beginnings of teaching”, where he began teaching courses in theoretical and organic chemistry
  • As a result, Mendeleev established the existence of a critical or absolute boiling point of a liquid.
  • This allowed us to further understand the conditions under which it is possible to liquefy gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and helium.
  • D.I. Mendeleev opened the door to cryogenic technology and cryogenic synthesis, which is important today.
  • study of the surface tension of liquids at different temperatures.
  • Since 1861 – D.I. Mendeleev (27 years old) is active in teaching, research and literary work.
  • Based on the course of lectures, the first textbook on organic chemistry in Russian was created, for which in 1862
  • DI. Mendeleev was awarded the Demidov Prize of the Academy of Sciences in the amount of 1000 rubles.
  • Teaching activity of D. I. Mendeleev in 1861 - 1867.
  • From 1862 (28 years) – adjunct, associate professor at St. Petersburg University
  • Since 1864 (30 years) – professor at the Technological Institute
  • “For a long time I did not pursue a doctorate for the reason that there was no place, no need and no time. He had to earn bread, since they were not given anything to live on. And there was no time to work. Having become a professor at the Institute of Technology, I got the opportunity and presented my first work as a dissertation.”
  • DI. Mendeleev
  • 1865 – D.I. Mendeleev (31 years old) defended his doctoral dissertation “On the combination of alcohol with water” and was elected full professor of physical chemistry at St. Petersburg University.
  • “...I consider the decisive moment in the development of my thought about the periodic law to be 1860 - the congress of chemists in Karlsruhe, in which I participated.”
  • DI. Mendeleev
  • Together with N.N. Zinin and A.P. Borodin D.I. Mendeleev took part in the First International Chemical Congress in Karlsruhe (1860). It was brought into relative order in chemical nomenclature, the fundamental concepts of atom, molecule and atomic weight are clearly defined.
  • Congress of Chemists in Karlsruhe
  • 1868 D.I. Mendeleev (34 years old) began to write the book “Fundamentals of Chemistry”, which for the first time harmoniously outlined inorganic chemistry. The book went through 13 editions until 1947.
  • “There is a lot of independent detail here, and the main thing is the periodicity of the elements, which was found precisely during the processing of “Fundamentals of Chemistry.”
  • DI. Mendeleev
  • Scientific and pedagogical activities
  • Creation of the periodic table of elements
  • and periodic law
  • 1869 D.I. Mendeleev is 35 years old.
  • “... the whole essence, the whole nature of the elements is expressed in their weight, i.e. in the mass of the substance entering the interaction. Physical and Chemical properties elements, manifested in the properties of simple and complex bodies formed by them, stand in periodic dependence ... on their atomic weight"
  • D. I. Mendeleev
  • "Properties simple substances, as well as the forms and properties of compounds of elements are periodically dependent on the charges of the nuclei of atoms of the elements"
  • 1871 – D.I. Mendeleev (37 years old) summarized the research related to the establishment of the periodic law in his work “Periodic Law for Chemical Elements”:
  • developed ideas of periodicity;
  • introduced the concept of the place of an element in periodic table as a set of its properties in comparison with the properties of other elements;
  • corrected the values atomic masses many elements (Be, In, U, etc.),
  • predicted the properties and location in the periodic table of still undiscovered elements (eka-aluminum, eca-boron, etc.).
  • 1875 French scientist
  • P. Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered gallium,
  • which was predicted
  • D.I. Mendeleev called ekaaluminium.
  • 1879 Swedish chemist
  • L. Nilsson announced the discovery of scandium, which turned out to be identical to Mendeleev's ecaboron.
  • Research on the elasticity of gases 1871 – 1875
  • 1874
  • DI. Mendeleev (40 years old), clarifying the dependence of the state of a gas on temperature discovered by physicist B. Clapeyron, proposed a general equation of state for an ideal gas:
  • pV = nRT.
  • the equation
  • Clapeyron-Mendeleev
  • The doctrine of solutions
  • The results of master's and doctoral dissertations were used by D.I. Mendeleev in his work on the theory of solutions, which he actively pursued in the period 1865–1887.
  • 1887 – D.I. Mendeleev (53 years old) writes the book “Research aqueous solutions by specific gravity", in which he formulates the principles of the hydration theory he proposed, substantiates the idea of chemical interaction between the components of the solution and develops ideas about the existence of compounds of variable composition.
  • “Chemical theory” of solutions D.I. Mendeleev and " physical theory"solutions of J. van't Hoff and S. Arrhenius form the basis of the classical doctrine of solutions.
  • Russian Chemical Society
  • 1868 – creation of the Russian Chemical Society
  • D.I. took part in creating the main provisions of the future Charter of the company. Mendeleev:
  • “This charter was drawn up in my apartment by a meeting of chemists and is remarkable for its brevity.”
  • From 1956 to 1892, D. I. Mendeleev devoted a lot of time to teaching.
  • He teaches at St. Petersburg University,
  • Institute of the Corps of Railway Engineers,
  • Nikolaev Engineering Academy and School,
  • in the 2nd Cadet Corps,
  • at the Institute of Technology,
  • at women's courses, etc.
  • D. I. Mendeleev wrote textbooks:
  • "Organic chemistry"
  • "Fundamentals of Chemistry" (13 editions until 1947)
  • DI. Mendeleev member of the Commission to discuss the future project Siberian University, Commission on Higher Technical Education.
  • The work of these commissions resulted in the establishment polytechnic universities in St. Petersburg, Tomsk, Kyiv and Yekaterinburg.
  • D. I. Mendeleev became a member of the Board of Trustees of the Higher technical school in Moscow.
  • D. I. Mendeleev and higher education
  • Recognition of the scientific merits of D. I. Mendeleev
  • DI. Mendeleev was awarded the academic title of doctor:
  • University of Edinburgh and University of Glasgow
  • Cambridge and Oxford Universities
  • University of Göttingen
  • Princeton University
  • DI. Mendeleev was elected a member of a number of academies:
  • Accademia dei Sciences dei Lincei and Turin Academy of Sciences
  • Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
  • British Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Paris Academy of Sciences
  • US National Academy of Sciences
  • Czech Academy of Science, Literature and Art
  • Hungarian Academy of Sciences
  • Royal Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen
  • Belgian Academy of Sciences, Letters and Fine Sciences, etc.
  • 1882 London Royal
  • the society awarded D.I. Mendeleev (48 years old) with the Davy gold medal, which was awarded annually for the most outstanding discoveries in chemistry.
  • 1884 At the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the University of Edinburgh
  • DI. Mendeleev (50 years old) was awarded the title of honorary doctor.
  • DI. Mendeleev in the robes of a doctor at the University of Edinburgh
  • (Ilya Repin. 1885)
  • Md Recognition
  • 1955
  • Laureate Nobel Prize G. Seaborg proposed element No. 101 to be called mendelevium, in recognition of the greatest merits of the Russian scientist.
  • “The Mendeleev system served for almost a century as the key to the discovery of the elements.”
  • (G. Seaborg)
  • Recognition
  • 1962
  • Academy of Sciences of the USSR
  • established
  • Gold medal
  • them. DI. Mendeleev
  • for outstanding work
  • in Chemical Science and Technology
  • Portrait of D.I. Mendeleev
  • (Ilya Repin, 1907)
  • DI. Mendeleev