Ekaterina Alekseevna Baykova

It was a bright, warm June night that did not foretell any trouble.

The school windows were open,

The lilac was blooming

Merry laughter rang over the garden,

The darkness was brightening.

The distances have already turned pink

And the smooth surface of the river.

And joyfully greeted the dawn

Graduates:

Smiles, light clothes,

There are flowers all around.

Beautiful youth of hope,

Love, dreams.

It seemed like a wave was pouring

Graduation ball,

But who could have known that the world would explode

That night war?

June 22, 1941 early morning Germany without announcement wars attacked our Fatherland. At noon, the Minister of Foreign Affairs V.M. Molotok spoke on the radio and informed the people about the sudden attack on our country fascist Germany. Graduates ran home, took off their smart white shirts and suits and hurried to the military registration and enlistment offices. Instead of school uniform they wore military overcoats. Young people were ready to defend their native land, the Motherland. Graduates went to the front becoming soldiers of the Red Army. Everyone hurried to the military registration and enlistment offices - young and old people. They rushed to the front and enlisted in the people's militia.

Do you guys know why? war with the Nazis called the Great Patriotic War?

After all there are different types of wars,

But this one is called Great!

She is hinted at this way because

That the Germans took over the whole country,

And it lasted terrible four years war,

And a lot of people joked.

After all, hundreds of thousands fell on the battlefields,

But they didn’t give up their Motherland and Ostavana.

And that's why war They called it Patriotic.

Hitler was well prepared for war. Almost all were captured western territories Europe, from the Baltic to the Carpathian Mountains. And his army was huge. She flew black bird: five million soldiers were sent to the Soviet Union (that’s what our Motherland was called then), four thousand tanks, 50 thousand guns and mortars and many airplanes.

German leaders to soldiers

And the memory officers were given

And they contain these words wrote:

"Take someone else's land quickly,

And kill everyone who lives there!"

This year we prepared an exhibition for Victory Day. They answered after conversations on questions.

Thank you for your attention!

Publications on the topic:

Lesson summary “Family is the beginning of all beginnings” Integration educational areas: “Cognition” (formation of a holistic picture of the world, “Communication”, “Artistic creativity” (application,.

Presentation of a lapbook on patriotic education “Children of war or war does not have a childish face” Lepbook for older children preschool age“Children of War or “War Doesn’t Have a Childish Face”” Author of the laptop: teacher Tatyana Viktorovna Kovalenko.

Music videos for the beginning and end of a fairy tale Music... The beginning of a fairy tale... Not bad either. But if you show children the screensaver for the beginning of the fairy tale, the mood will completely change, since they are not the only ones.

Beginning of environmental education of children at an early age From a very early age, the child begins to learn the world. This age is a favorable time for the sensory.

Relevance The theme of the Brest Fortress is relevant today in that it attracts attention with the selfless patriotism of the soldiers.

Project “Water is the beginning of everything” Relevance of the topic The ecological state of our planet and the tendency towards its deterioration now require living people to understand the current situation.

Parent meeting for parents “Beginning of the Year” group “Fidgets” Parent meeting in middle group. "The beginning of the year." Group "Fidgets". Good evening, dear parents! I'm very glad to see you today.

Despite the passage of time, which inexorably moves us away from the great event of 68 years ago, Victory Day , 9th May , continues to be a holy holiday for all generations. This day gives an incredible feeling of pride for our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, for our people.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War It cost us dearly - at the cost of the health, youth and lives of our ancestors. And in memory of their great feat before humanity, we have the responsibility to instill respect for the great holiday in our children.

First of all, children should know that they were born in a state that took the brunt of Hitler’s Germany and made the most significant contribution to the victory over fascism. After all, to be proud of the feat of your people is great happiness, and not to be proud is a manifestation of ignorance and cowardice.

So what should we tell children about Victory Day?

Defenders of the Fatherland Day

How to tell your child about war?

Sooner or later you will have to tell your child about what war is, why in Russia they celebrate May 9 and February 23. As a rule, for the first time parents general outline they talk about war with four- to five-year-old children, but, of course, the main indicator should be the child’s own interest in this topic. A convenient occasion for such a conversation could be the eve of Defenders of the Fatherland Day or Victory Day.

Naturally, you cannot talk about the war at one time, and you will periodically return to this topic, answering children's questions, telling more and more as the child grows up.

To awaken your child's interest in the topic of war, show him the evidence of the past that exists around him. Even if among your relatives and friends there are no veterans, who, of course, are the best storytellers, you can show your child memorials, take him to Eternal Flame and tell that it is always burning, reminding people of those who died in the war.

Before talking directly about the war, remind or tell your child that there are many countries in the world, they are inhabited by different people who speak different languages. It will be easier if you have already traveled together and the child has an idea of ​​the existence of different nations. Without going into detail, especially if you are talking to very young children, explain that every country has a government that governs the country and its people according to its ideas of good and evil.

It is important to emphasize that war is a conflict of governments, not peoples, resolved, however, at the expense of the population of the countries. Speaking about wars in general and the Great Patriotic War in particular, it is worth emphasizing that the reason for what is happening is not that one of the nations is “bad.” Explain to your child that the population of all countries participating in the war suffers huge losses, and, for example, for the civilian population of Germany, the Great Patriotic War was the same tragedy as for the Russians. The most striking examples will, of course, be family ones. You can show your child photographs of grandparents or family friends he knows and tell him about those who fought at the front or worked on the home front.

In a conversation with small children, of course, you should not talk in detail about the horrors of war, about concentration camps. Your task is not to scare the child by giving him food for neuroses and nightmares, but to enlighten him. Speaking about the blockade of Leningrad, there is no need to go into details; it will suffice to say that the Nazis blocked the entrances to the city so that food could not be delivered there, and the city’s residents were forced to starve.

It is worth not only telling your child about the war, but also showing him films and books on military theme. In addition to well-known children's books, such as “Malchish-Kibalchish” by A.P. Gaidar, “Son of the Regiment” by V.P. Kataev, “My Dear Boys” by L.A. Kassil, “Girl from the City” by L.F. Voronkov. , an older child can be shown quite “adult” films about the war - “Only Old Men Go to Battle,” “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet,” “Father of a Soldier.” The list goes on and on, fortunately we have many wonderful books and films that tell about this difficult period of history.

An older child should be told about the famous diary of Tanya Savicheva. This diary is the sparse notes of a twelve-year-old girl experiencing the siege in Leningrad, and contains, in fact, only a list of deaths in her family. The last entry in it: “The Savichevs all died, only Tanya remained.” The diary, now kept in the State Museum of History of St. Petersburg, appeared at the Nuremberg trials as one of the indictment documents against fascism. Stories about adults and even about young graduates forced to fight in the war may sound abstract to a child, while the story of a girl close to him in age cannot but touch a nerve.

The main thing is to be honest. Admit to your child that war is a difficult topic to talk about, that you, like all people, are afraid of war. Children feel the sincerity of their parents and honest words will have a much greater effect than special “educational speeches.”

How to tell children about the Victory Day holiday in an interesting and accessible way?

We will help you with this. We will tell you the history of the Victory Day holiday in an accessible way, bring to your attention poems, dedicated to the Day Victory.

Victory Day

9th May

Victory Day is a holiday

The day of defeat of a cruel war,

The day of defeat of violence and evil,

Day of the resurrection of love and goodness.

VICTORY BRIGHT DAY

Sasha took out his toy gun and asked Alyonka: “Am I a good military man?” Alyonka smiled and asked: “Will you go to the Victory Day parade dressed like this?” Sasha shrugged his shoulders, and then replied: “No, I’ll go to the parade with flowers - I’ll give them to real warriors!” Grandfather heard these words and stroked Sasha on the head: “Well done, grandson!” And then he sat down next to him and began to talk about the war and victory.

On May 9 we celebrate Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War. Grandfathers and great-grandfathers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers put on orders and go to meet their veteran friends. Together they remember what the war years were like.

World War II began in 1939. It covered more than 60 countries of the world! She came to our country on the terrible morning of June 22, 1941. It was Sunday, people were relaxing and planning their day off. Suddenly the news struck like thunder: “The war has begun! Nazi Germany launched an offensive without declaring war...” All adult men put on military uniform and went to the front. Those who remained became partisans to fight the enemy in the rear.

During the long war years, people could not live in peace. Every day brought losses, real grief. More than 60 million people did not return home. Half of the dead were residents of the former Soviet Union. Almost every family has lost a grandfather, father, brother or sister...

The Ukrainian and Russian people paid a heavy price for participating in this terrible war. The war spared neither the elderly nor the children.

The attackers mocked the residents of captured cities and villages. Our soldiers fought bravely against the invaders. They could not forgive the burned houses, destroyed monuments national culture. And they felt even more pain for their lost relatives and friends. The soldiers were not afraid of hunger or cold. Perhaps they were scared too. But the dream of victory and a peaceful life constantly supported them.

The year was 1945. The Great Patriotic War against the fascist invaders was approaching a victorious end. Our soldiers fought as best they could. In the spring, our army approached the capital of Nazi Germany - the city of Berlin.

The Battle of Berlin continued until May 2. The storming of the Reichstag, where German leaders gathered, was especially desperate. On May 8, 1945, representatives of the German High Command signed an act ending the war. The enemy has surrendered. May 9 became Victory Day, a great holiday for all humanity.

Now on this day festive fireworks are sure to bloom with millions of colors. Veterans are congratulated, songs are sung for them, poems are read. Flowers are brought to the monuments of the dead. We always remember that peace on earth is the most important value.

Poems for Victory Day for children

Let there be peace

Let the machine guns not fire,

And the menacing guns are silent,

Let there be no smoke in the sky,

May the sky be blue

Let the bombers run over it

They don't fly to anyone

People and cities don't die...

Peace is always needed on earth!

Together with grandfather

The morning fog has melted,

Spring is showing off...

Today grandfather Ivan

Cleaned up the orders.

We're going to the park together

Meet

A soldier, gray-haired like him.

They will remember there

Your brave battalion.

They'll have a heart-to-heart talk there

About all the affairs of the country,

About wounds that still hurt

From the distant days of the war.

Even then we were not in the world

When fireworks thundered from one end to another.

Soldiers, you gave to the planet

Great May, victorious May!

Even then we were not in the world,

When in a military storm of fire,

Deciding the fate of future centuries,

You fought a holy battle!

Even then we were not in the world,

When you came home with Victory.

Soldiers of May, glory to you forever

From all the earth, from all the earth!

Thank you, soldiers.

For life, for childhood and spring,

For silence, for a peaceful home,

For the world we live in!

Remember

(Excerpt)

Remember how the guns thundered,

How soldiers died in the fire

In forty-one, forty-five -

The soldiers went to battle for the truth.

Remember, both thunderstorms and wind are in our power,

We are responsible for happiness and tears,

On the planet our children -

The younger generation lives on.

Soldiers

The sun disappeared behind the mountain,

The river riffles have become foggy,

And along the steppe road

From the heat, from the evil heat

The gymnasts on the shoulders were faded;

Your battle banner

The soldiers shielded themselves from their enemies with their hearts.

They did not spare lives

Defending the fatherland - the native country;

Overcame, won

All enemies in the battles for the holy Motherland.

The sun disappeared behind the mountain,

The river riffles have become foggy,

And along the steppe road

Soviet soldiers were walking home from the war.

How to tell children about the Great Patriotic War? With this story you can tell your children about the war in an accessible way.

It presents a chronology of the main events of the Great Patriotic War.

Victory will be ours!

- War! War!

On June 22, 1941, German fascists attacked our homeland. They attacked like thieves, like robbers. They wanted to seize our lands, our cities and villages, and either kill our people or make them their servants and slaves. The Great Patriotic War began. It lasted four years.

The path to victory was not easy. The enemies attacked us unexpectedly. They had more tanks and planes. Our armies were retreating. The battles took place on the ground, in the sky, and at sea. Great battles thundered: Moscow, Stalingrad, the Battle of Kursk. Heroic Sevastopol did not surrender to the enemy for 250 days. For 900 days, courageous Leningrad held out under a terrible siege. The Caucasus fought bravely. In Ukraine, Belarus, and other places, formidable partisans crushed the invaders. Millions of people, including children, worked at factory machines and in the fields of the country. The Soviet people (the Soviet Union was the name of our country in those years) did everything to stop the Nazis. Even in the most difficult days, they firmly believed: “The enemy will be defeated! Victory will be ours!"

And then the day came when the advance of the invaders was stopped. Soviet armies drove the Nazis out of their native land.

And again battles, battles, battles, battles. The blows of the Soviet troops are becoming more and more powerful, more and more indestructible. And the most long-awaited, greatest day came. Our soldiers reached the borders of Germany and stormed the capital of the Nazis - the city of Berlin. It was 1945. Spring was blooming. It was the month of May.

The Nazis admitted their complete defeat on May 9. Since then, this day has become our great holiday - Victory Day.

Our people showed miracles of heroism and courage while defending their native land from the Nazis.

Brest Fortress stood on the very border. The Nazis attacked it on the very first day of the war. They thought: one day - and the fortress is in their hands. Our soldiers held out for a whole month. And when there was no strength left and the Nazis broke into the fortress, its last defender wrote on the wall with a bayonet: “I’m dying, but I’m not giving up.”

There was the Great Moscow Battle. Fascist tanks rushed forward. On one of the sections of the front, the enemy’s road was blocked by 28 heroic soldiers from General Panfilov’s division. Dozens of tanks were knocked out by soldiers. And they kept walking and walking. The soldiers were exhausted in battle. And the tanks kept coming and going. And yet Panfilov’s men did not retreat in this terrible battle. The Nazis were not allowed to enter Moscow.

General Dmitry Karbyshev was wounded in battle and was captured. He was a professor, a very famous military builder. The Nazis wanted the general to come over to their side. They promised life and high positions. Dmitry Karbyshev did not betray his homeland. The Nazis executed the general. They took us outside into the bitter cold. They doused him with cold water from hoses.

Vasily Zaitsev is a famous hero of the Battle of Stalingrad. He killed three hundred fascists with his sniper rifle. Zaitsev was elusive to his enemies. The fascist commanders had to call the famous shooter from Berlin. That's who will destroy the Soviet sniper. It turned out the other way around. Zaitsev killed a Berlin celebrity. “Three hundred and one,” said Vasily Zaitsev.

During the battles near Stalingrad, field telephone communications were interrupted in one of the artillery regiments. An ordinary soldier, signalman Titaev, crawled under enemy fire to find out where the wire was broken. Found. He just tried to twist the ends of the wires when a fragment of an enemy shell hit the fighter. Before Titaev had time to connect the wires, then, dying, he clamped them tightly with his lips. The connection is working. "Fire! Fire!" - the commands sounded again in the artillery regiment.

The war brought us many deaths. The twelve Grigoryan soldiers were members of a large Armenian family. They served in the same department. They went to the front together. Together we defended our native Caucasus. Together with everyone else we went forward. One reached Berlin. Eleven Grigoryans died. After the war, the residents of the city where the Grigoryans lived planted twelve poplars in honor of the heroes. The poplars have now grown. They stand exactly in a row, like soldiers in formation - tall and beautiful. Eternal memory to the Grigoryans.

Teenagers and even children took part in the fight against enemies. Many of them were awarded military medals and orders for their bravery and courage. Valya Kotik, at the age of twelve, joined a partisan detachment as a scout. At the age of fourteen, for his exploits he became the most young hero Soviet Union.

An ordinary machine gunner fought in Sevastopol. Slayed enemies accurately. Left alone in the trench, he took on an unequal battle. He was wounded and shell-shocked. But he held the trench. Destroyed up to a hundred fascists. He was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. The machine gunner's name was Ivan Bogatyr. You won't find a better surname.

Fighter pilot Alexander Pokryshkin shot down the first fascist plane at the very beginning of the war. Lucky Pokryshkin. The number of planes he shot down increases - 5, 10, 15. The names of the fronts on which the pilot fought change. The heroic score of victories grew and grew—20, 30, 40. The war was drawing to a close—50, 55, 59. Fifty-nine enemy planes were shot down by fighter pilot Alexander Pokryshkin.

He became a Hero of the Soviet Union.

Became twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Became Hero of the Soviet Union three times.

Eternal glory to you, Alexander Pokryshkin, the first three times hero in the country.

And here is the story of another feat. Pilot Alexey Maresyev was shot down in an air battle. He survived, but was seriously wounded. His plane crashed on enemy territory in a deep forest. It was winter. He walked for 18 days, and then crawled to his own. He was picked up by the partisans. The pilot had frostbitten feet. They had to be amputated. How can you fly without legs?! Maresyev learned not only to walk and even dance on prosthetics, but most importantly, to fly a fighter. In the very first air battles, he shot down three fascist planes.

We walked last days war. Heavy fighting took place on the streets of Berlin. Soldier Nikolai Masalov, on one of the Berlin streets, risking his life under enemy fire, carried a crying German girl from the battlefield. The war is over. In the very center of Berlin, in a park on a high hill, there now stands a monument to a Soviet soldier. He stands with the rescued girl in his arms.

What our children should know about the Great Patriotic War and World War II

When did the Great Patriotic War begin? How many years did the war last? When did World War II start? Who attacked our country? Which city withstood the 900-day blockade of the Nazis, but did not surrender to the enemy? Which fortress was the first to take the enemy's attack? What a battle it became turning point The Great Patriotic War and the Second World War? We and our children must know the answers to these questions.

1. Official start date of World War II associated with the attack on Poland by Nazi German troops on September 1, 1939.

However, in Asia, already in December 1937, Japan attacked China - the capital of Nanjing; in Europe, the war began when fascist Italy attacked Albania in April 1939.

2. Second world war 72 states were involved. In the countries participating in the war, up to 110 million people were mobilized. During the war, up to 62 million people died (including over 27 million citizens of the USSR.). The USSR included Russia and 15 other republics - now all of them are sovereign states.

3. The Great Patriotic War began on June 22, 1941 at 4 a.m. treacherous attack of the Nazi troops of Nazi Germany on the USSR, and lasted 3 years 10 months and 18 days or 1418 days and nights, ending with the restoration of the state border of the USSR from the Barents to the Black Sea by November 7, 1944.

4. The first fortress to take the enemy’s blow was the Brest Fortress. The heroic defense of the Brest Fortress lasted from June 22 to July 20, 1941. About 4 thousand people took part in the defense. Among the defenders of the Brest Fortress were representatives of more than 30 nations and nationalities.

5. The Battle of Moscow in October 1941 - April 1942 is one of the key events of the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War, which largely determined their subsequent course.

6. The most tragic and terrible event of the Great Patriotic War - the Siege of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 (the blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943) - 872 days.

7. Kursk Bulge - Battle of Kursk occupies a special place in the Great Patriotic War. It lasted 50 days and nights, from July 5 to August 23, 1943, ending with the defeat of the two main German groups (Oryol and Belgorod). This battle has no equal in its ferocity and tenacity of struggle.

8. Battle of Stalingrad(07/17/1942 - 02/02/1943)

On July 17, 1942, one of the greatest battles of the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War began - the Battle of Stalingrad, which lasted 200 days and nights. For Germany, the battle of Stalingrad was the worst defeat in its history; for Russia, its greatest victory. The Battle of Stalingrad marked the beginning of a radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War.

9. On June 6, 1944, the largest landing operation of the allied forces of the anti-Hitler coalition countries (USA, France, England, Canada, etc.) in World War II began - the landing in Normandy (in northern France). It marked the opening of a second front in Europe, which the USSR had counted on back in 1942.

10. Soviet troops liberated all European countries and reached Berlin - the capital of Nazi Germany was taken in April 1945.

April 30, 1945 soviet soldiers hoisted the Red Banner (Victory Banner) over the Reichstag in Berlin. The banner was hoisted by scouts of the 150th rifle division M.A. Egorov and M.V. Kantaria.

On the same day, Adolf Hitler committed suicide. (Since August 2, 1934, the Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht was the Reich Chancellor of Germany, Adolf Hitler.)

The capture of Berlin and the hoisting of the Red Banner over the Reichstag was the final ceremonial chord in the victory over Nazi Germany.

11. May 9 was declared Victory Day due to the fact that on May 8, 1945, in the Berlin suburb of Karshorst at 22:43 Central European time (May 9 at 0:43 Moscow time) the final Act of unconditional surrender of the Nazis was signed Germany and its armed forces.

Generalissimo of the Soviet Union and Supreme Commander-in-Chief Armed Forces USSR J.V. Stalin instructed Marshal Zhukov to host the parade and Marshal Rokossovsky to command the parade.

12. The Victory Parade to commemorate the victory of the USSR over Germany in the Great Patriotic War took place on June 24, 1945 in Moscow on Red Square - this is a triumph of the victorious people, the military art of our commanders: Marshals Zhukov, Rokossovsky, Vasilevsky, Berzarin, Biryuzov, Konev, Meletsky, Shaposhnikov, Tolbukhin, Katukova, Kulakova and others.

15. The activities of the partisans during the Great Patriotic War were highly appreciated. Among the leaders of the partisan movement in Ukraine, in addition to S.A. Kovpak and S.V. Rudnev, A.F. stood out. Fedorov and P.P. Vershigora. The fight against the Nazis also gained wide scope on the territory of Belarus, where it was led by V.Z. Korzh, T.P. Bumazhkov, F.I. Pavlovsky and others. More than 127 thousand partisans were awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st and 2nd degree; over 184 thousand were awarded other medals and orders, and 249 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and S.A. Kovpak and A.F. Fedorov - twice.

In total, during the war there were more than 6 thousand behind enemy lines. partisan detachments, in which over 1 million people fought. During the operations, the partisans destroyed, captured and wounded 1 million fascists, disabled 4 thousand tanks and armored vehicles, 65 thousand cars, 1100 aircraft, destroyed and damaged 1600 railway bridges, derailed 20 thousand trains (the famous "Rail War")

In European countries during the Second World War, the Anti-Fascist Resistance Movement developed.

16. There is nowhere in the world where a city bears the honorary name “Hero City.” In the USSR there were twelve of them: Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Odessa, Sevastopol, Kerch, Brest Fortress, Moscow, Kiev, Minsk, Novorossiysk, Tula, Murmansk, Smolensk.