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Hamburg in German with translation. If the city of Hamburg were a person... Medieval cities: Lübeck, Wismar and Lüneburg

Hamburg in German with translation. If the city of Hamburg were a person... Medieval cities: Lübeck, Wismar and Lüneburg

Hamburg, Germany: the most detailed information about the city of Hamburg, the main attractions with photos and descriptions, location on the map.

City of Hamburg (Germany)

Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany, located on the banks of the Elbe River. This is one of the richest cities in the country, the largest port and a real “gateway to the world”. Hamburg has been a center of European trade since it joined the Hanseatic League in the Middle Ages. This brought enormous wealth to the city and left a rich cultural and historical heritage. The maritime spirit and Hanseatic traditions permeate Hamburg through and through: from the architecture and sights, to the culture, food and the cries of seagulls in the streets.

Geography

Hamburg is located in Northern Germany at the southern tip of the Jutland Peninsula in an area that lies between continental Europe and Scandinavia. The city stands at the confluence of the Elbe River and its tributary Alster. The administrative unit is the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, bordering the states of Schleswig-Holnstein and Lower Saxony.

The terrain is calm with slight elevation changes. The highest point is just over 100 meters above sea level. The surrounding area includes picturesque natural landscapes, lakes and parks, gardens and farmland.

Climate

Hamburg's climate is maritime with warm (sometimes cool) summers and mild winters. The warmest months are July and August. The coldest is January. Precipitation is distributed evenly throughout the year. From November to February, Hamburg is often cloudy and damp. In winter, light frosts and snowfalls are not uncommon.

Story

Main milestones in the history of Hamburg:

808 - Emperor Charlemagne ordered the founding of a fortress at the confluence of the Elbe and Alster for defense against Slavic tribes. Grew up near the fortress locality, which gave life to a new city.
1189 - Emperor Frederick Barbarossa grants Hamburg the privileges of a free imperial city, which, coupled with its favorable location, turns the city into one of the trading centers of Europe.
1241 - Hamburg and the prosperous trading city of Lubeck entered into an alliance, which in the future turned into an association that we know as the Hanseatic League. This became a powerful impetus for the subsequent economic and cultural development of the city.
1264 - city authorities issued a law to protect swans, which prohibited killing and eating these birds. In Hamburg they believe that as long as swans live here, the city will grow and prosper (interestingly, in Bremen there is such a belief about Roland).
1284 - a great fire that destroyed almost all the buildings of the city.
1350 - a plague epidemic during which half the population died.
1558 - foundation of the stock market.
1810 - Napoleon's invasion.
1842 - another strong fire that destroyed and damaged a third of the city and many historical attractions
1871 - Hamburg becomes part of the German Empire with broad rights of autonomy. The city's port also becomes the second largest in Europe.
1892 - cholera outbreak, which was caused by the rapid growth of the city and poor water quality.
1945 - More than 39,000 tons of bombs were dropped on Hamburg, more than half the city and 80% of the harbor were destroyed.

Gastronomy

Historically, Hamburg has always had a variety of dishes and gastronomic traditions. Local sailors who sailed to other countries and the crews of foreign ships constantly brought something new to Hamburg cuisine.

It's no surprise that Hamburg's cafes and restaurants offer a huge variety of dishes that span a wide range of cuisines. And in the city you can find a wide variety of food establishments: from exclusive and prestigious restaurants to typical gastronomic cafes, from modern and stylish to traditional family restaurants.

Despite this, do not underestimate Hamburg cuisine, which can offer simple and complex traditional dishes. The most popular of them:

Currywurst
Franzbrötchen
Labskaus (stew)
Rote Grütze is a berry dessert with custard.

Markets

Historically, markets have always been one of the main events in the life of Hamburg. And now in largest city In the north of Germany there are quite a lot of weekly markets where you can buy food, and flea markets where you can find a lot of interesting things from household items to collectibles.

The most popular market in Hamburg is the fish market or Fischmarkt. This is one of the oldest and most legendary markets in the city, which began its history back in 1703. Located at St. Pauli Fischmarkt 2. Attention: The Fischmarkt is open on Sundays from 5.00 to 9.30 (in winter from 7.00).

The Eppendorf area hosts the Isemarkt on Tuesdays and Fridays. This is the largest open-air market in Europe, where you can buy almost everything: from food to books and tools. There is also a night market in Hamburg, which is based on Spielbudenplatz.

Every Saturday from 8.00 to 16.00 one of the most important flea markets - Flohschanze - is held on Neuer Kamp. Here you can not only buy various interesting and collectible things, but also gawk at various curiosities.

If you are planning a trip from the end of November to the end of December, then be sure to visit the wonderful Christmas markets. At this time, Hamburg is filled with winter magic: thousands of lights are reflected in the Alster, Elbe and canals, the air is filled with the smells of roasted almonds, warm mulled wine and spruce branches. The eyes of all tourists light up with a romantic light, turning Hamburg into a real Christmas fairy tale. Christmas markets offer arts and crafts, delectable delicacies and food items.

Christmas markets:

Santa Pauli
Alton/Ottensen
Christmas market at the Michel
Winter Pride
Winterdom

Shopping

Hamburg is a true paradise for shoppers and shopping lovers. Here on almost every corner there are shops that sell everything: from souvenirs to household items, clothing, and jewelry. There are also large shopping centers.

If you are a fan of dressing up, then Hamburg is definitely your Mecca. In the city center there is a huge number of shops from fashionable global brands to products of local designers. Hanseviertel, Europapassage, Jungfernstieg Mönckeberg and Spitalerstrasse will help you take more than just great memories from Hamburg. Between the arcades, cafes and shops of the Alster promenade, you can spend the whole day in any weather!

For those who prefer everything at once in one place, we recommend shopping centers. The largest shopping centers in Hamburg:

Alsterhaus - five floors and 24,000 sq. meters of shops. Address: Jungfernstieg 16-20
Mercado is a large shopping center in the pedestrian area of Ottensen. Here you can find food, books, perfumes, and clothes. Address: Ottenser Hauptstraße 10
Levantehaus - cafes, fashion, bakeries, souvenirs. Address: Mönckebergstrasse 7
Hamburg Meile - 150 shops and food court. Address: Hamburger Str. 27
Europa Passage - more than 120 stores. Address: Ballindamm 40

How to get there

Getting to Hamburg is not difficult. The city is distinguished by excellent transport accessibility:

The international airport connects Hamburg with 120 cities around the world.
railways - with almost all large and small cities in Germany and some cities in other European countries.
The bus service is also quite developed and popular. It is very profitable to travel on Flixbus buses.
If there are excellent roads, a car becomes a very fast and convenient way of transportation. Hamburg is easily accessible by car from all parts of Germany via four motorways (Autobahnen-A) and six federal highways (Bundesstrassen-B).

Public transport

Hamburg boasts a wide system public transport, including the metro, light rail network, buses and ferries. Ticket machines offer single (one trip), daily (1 day), weekly, monthly and annual tickets. Tickets are valid for all types of public transport. Public transport operates from 4.30 to 1.00 (24.00 weekends).

S-Bahn and U-Bahn

A key element of Hamburg's public transport system is the network of rapid transit and regional rail routes that connect the city center with the surrounding area. There are four U-Bahn metro lines, six S-Bahn commuter lines and nine regional rail lines connecting Hamburg with other cities in the region.

Buses

The railway network is complemented by a wide range of bus routes, both intracity and intercity.

Ferry

There are six ferry lines serving the harbor and the Elbe River. These routes have two-digit numbers starting with 61. All ferries stop in Landungsbrücken.

Interesting places in the vicinity of Hamburg

North and Baltic Sea: islands and beaches

If you have a free day, we recommend going for a walk to the Wadden (Wadden) Sea, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is a series of shallow areas along the coastline. Next you can stop by the coastal city of Cuxhaven. Or Sylt, which is the northernmost island of Germany. It is well known for its beaches and surfing. The best way to get to these places from Hamburg is by train.

Medieval cities: Lübeck, Wismar and Lüneburg

Most likely, you have heard about the Hanseatic city of Lübeck before. After all, it was once the leading city of the Hanseatic League. To this day, the city has preserved a unique historical heritage, and its center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is a must see in Northern Germany. Just one hour from Lübeck is Wismar. This charming town has been awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status for its beautifully restored town houses.

Lüneburg completes the must-see list historical cities in the vicinity of Hamburg. This medieval city still remembers the times when it was one of the richest cities in Northern Europe. You can get here quickly and easily by car or train.

Sights of Hamburg

Thanks to its cultural and historical heritage, maritime charm Hamburg is one of the most beautiful and interesting cities in Germany. The “Gateway to the World,” as the port city on the Elbe is often called, offers tourists an opportunity to discover the past and present attractions of one of the main and richest Hanseatic cities.

Landungsbrücken

Landungsbrücken, Hamburg

Landungsbrücken or simply Pier (Pier) is one of the symbols of Hamburg, which offers gorgeous views and unsurpassed historical buildings.

Two towers with beautiful green roofs mark the 205-meter terminal between the lower harbour, Reeperbahn and Fischmarkt. Situated on the Elbe, Landungsbrücken (German: Landungsbrücken, meaning illuminated landing bridges) was once a harbor for ships and now functions as a link for underground and commuter trains. In addition, all Hamburg ferries depart from here.

Port

Hamburg

The Port of Hamburg is the second largest seaport in Europe and one of the nine largest container harbors in the world. More than eight million containers are processed here every year. Despite the purely practical use, the port is one of the most popular attractions in Hamburg and northern Germany.

About 13,000 ships from all over the world call at Europe's second largest port every year. From the port terminals to the historic Speicherstadt warehouses, boarding bridges and the modern container port, you can smell and hear the flavors and languages of many countries, feel Hamburg's rich maritime past and the true atmosphere of a free Hanseatic city. And by taking a ferry ride or visiting one of the legendary museum ships, you will once again be convinced that Hamburg is the maritime capital of Northern Germany.

Speicherstadt

Speicherstadt is one of the main attractions of Hamburg, the world's largest integrated warehouse complex, built in 1883. Since 1991 it has been a historical and architectural monument. The warehouses are built on oak piles, and the entire area is riddled with canals that flood at high tide and are accessible to ships. You can travel along the narrow canals on small barges to admire the architectural details, provided that the tide is high.

We highly recommend taking a walk in this area after dark, when Speicherstadt is shrouded in an aura of mystery. At this time of day, the red brick buildings and steel bridges are expertly illuminated by 800 floodlights. And the atmosphere becomes simply fabulous: the illuminated facades of old port Gothic buildings, their reflections in the water of the canals and the spicy aromas of goods from all over the world.

HafenCity combines tradition and modernity in a unique symbiosis, delivering true architectural and cultural delight. The modern architecture of HafenCity creates an interesting contrast with the historic warehouse area of Speicherstadt.

The area's architectural dominant feature is the futuristic Elbphilharmonie, with its impressive glass façade and undulating roof that rises from the former Kaispeicher building at the western end of HafenCity. Inside there are two concert halls, a hotel and residential apartments. Between the old warehouse and the glass structure is a public viewing and visiting area that extends around the entire building. This state-of-the-art facility opened in January 2017.

Miniature Wonderland is the largest model railway system in the world and has been voted Germany's most popular tourist attraction. Visitors can admire different countries and even a miniature airport. In addition to impressive miniature versions of Hamburg, Germany's mountainous Harz region, the Austrian Alps, France, Italy, North America and Scandinavia are represented. A very interesting place for all curious people.

The Town Hall is an eclectic neo-Renaissance building from the late 19th century in which the city authorities of Hamburg meet. This town hall is the sixth building of this type in the city. The rest, for certain reasons, have not survived to this day.

Church of St. Michael's is one of the most famous religious buildings in the city, the tower of which has become one of the symbols of Hamburg. It was built at the beginning of the 20th century. Previous buildings were damaged during fires. The 132 meter high tower with the largest bell tower in Germany offers fantastic views of the city.

The planetarium is one of the oldest observatories of its kind in the world, located in the northwestern part of Hamburg and opened in 1930. The building itself is a modernized old water tower from the early 20th century.

Video - city of Hamburg

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city-land in Germany on the river. Elbe 110 km from North Sea; the country's second largest city; area 755 km 2, population 1.7 million; bridges and a 450-meter tunnel connect the banks of the Elbe; from the 13th century member of the Hanseatic League; 1815 - free city; transport hub, the most important sea and river port (“das Tor zur Welt”); industrial, financial and cultural center; shipbuilding, aircraft manufacturing, electrical engineering, oil refining, chemical industry, non-ferrous metallurgy, film industry; metropolitan, university, institute nuclear research, State Opera, numerous museums (historical, ethnographic, arts and crafts, etc.), churches (including the Baroque Church of St. Michael with the Michel Tower - the symbol of the city), Hagenbeck Zoo, monument to Heinrich Heine

7 Hamburg

8 Hamburg

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- Hamburg (Gesch.). H. kommt bes. seit Karl dem Großen als Fischerdorf vor, wo bereits ein Castell u. eine Kirche vorhanden waren, es wurde aber oft von Normannen u. Slawen heimgesucht. Den von Karl dem Großen gemachten Plan, hier ein Bisthum zu… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

Books Das Hamburgische Erbschaftssteuergesetz Vom 2. Maerz 1903 (German Edition), Hamburg Hamburg, The book is a reprint edition. Despite the fact that serious work has been done to restore the original quality of the publication, some pages may contain... Category: Books that are not classified in any section

Series: Publisher:

Here comes Hamburg, let’s get acquainted...

The German city of Hamburg, in my opinion, is a tall, handsome, stately middle-aged man. Multifaceted and contradictory. Friendly, but lonely; open but cold. And also very smart, inquisitive and immensely talented.

If the city of Hamburg were a person, its face would be port. Huge and majestic, sometimes gloomy, and sometimes joyful and happy. Hamburg is the first port city in my life. Before this, this combination had an extremely negative connotation for me. Vessels, cargo, warehouses - how can anyone like it? Maybe if it's Hamburg!

10,000 ships and steamships enter Hamburg harbor every year, 500,000 passengers travel by water from here, and 131 million tons of cargo meet the port every year. And all this despite the fact that Hamburg is not a sea port, but only a river port, and the nearest North Sea is 100 kilometers away.

If we imagine that Hamburg is a person, then his skeleton can be considered numerous city bridges. There are more than 2,500 bridges in Hamburg. And this is more than in London and Venice combined. Many of them are bridges for railway tracks. The biggest and famous bridge The city - Köhlbrandbrücke - is almost 4 kilometers long. For almost twenty years it remained the largest bridge on the planet.

It is bridges that create a special architectural appearance Hamburg. They are everywhere you look.

If Hamburg were a man, then through his eyes there would be Church of St. Michel, made in Baroque style. Since ancient times, the 132-meter tower of this particular church served as a lighthouse for sailors. The city was lost several times due to fires and bombs, but quickly recovered. Every year, the church and tower are visited by millions of people: from above there is a stunning view of the port and the city center.

If Hamburg were a man, then the famous fish market- would, of course, be his stomach)) This market has existed since 1703, and its length is almost a kilometer. Despite the name, you can buy not only fish here, but also other food products - vegetables, fruits, eggs, spices. You can even buy a live rooster or rabbit.

And in the covered part of the bazaar you can eat and listen to a live orchestra. The Hamburg fish market is open during strictly designated hours - on Sundays from 5 to 10 am.

Among others interesting places, Hamburg is famous for its “street of debauchery” – Reeperbahn, where there are numerous entertainment venues, nightclubs, sex shops, erotic shops, and brothels. What would this street be like if Hamburg were a person? Hmm... No, no details here, think for yourself))

And the heart of Hamburg is, of course, his town hall. The majestic, huge building of the town hall consists of more than 640 rooms and is decorated with twenty statues of German kings and emperors. By the way, Hamburg Town Hall is a fairly young building, which began its existence in 1887. The ancient town hall building burned down in a fire in 1842. The city of Hamburg is somewhat unlucky in this regard: it was engulfed in fires many times, flooded by the waters of the Elbe, and suffered greatly during the war.

In the courtyard of the Town Hall, a monument to the goddess of health Hygieia was erected - as a symbol of victory over the terrible cholera.

If we imagine that Hamburg is a person, then museums and theaters- these are his talents. And the city has a lot of them: more than 50 museums of various types and 40 theaters. Hamburg – city of musicals, third most popular in the world after New York and London. Some even call Hamburg “German Broadway”. Two million tickets to musicals are sold here every year. The most popular shows today are “The Lion King”, “Tarzan”, “Rocky”.

If the city of Hamburg were a person, then Church of St. Nicholas– would be his memory. The tower of the church is 147 meters and it was once the tallest tower on earth.

The church was destroyed during the Second World War, and it was not restored, only the ruins were restored and secured, providing the tower with a modern elevator. And statues were placed near the church by mourners for the dead. The result is a memorial.

Wenn Sie die zweitgrößte Stadt Deutschlands be suchen möchten, dann fahren Sie nach Hamburg. Sie zählt 1.8 Millionen Einwohner. Hamburg liegt an der Elbe, 110 Kilometer von der Nordsee entfernt. In der Stadt gibt es zwei Flüsse, die Elbe und die Alster und mehr Kanäle als in Venedig.Abb.1

Hamburg ist eine Hafenstadt (Abb.1), darum kommen etwa 20000 Schiffe im Jahr hier an. Sie bringen 60 Millionen Tonnen Ware. Schon im Mittelalter war die Stadt ein bedeutendes Handelszentrum. So wie Bremen und Lübeck gehörte Hamburg der Hanse an.

In Hamburg sind viele Industriezweige entwickelt. Hier befindet sich europäische Kupferhütte, Schiffbauwerke und liegt der zweitgrößte Standort für den Flugzeugbau. Die wichtigsten Industriezweige sind auch Elektrotechnik, Chemie, Nahrungs- und Genussmittel. Hamburg ist eine Pressemetropole, weil es hier große Verlage gibt. Die bekanntesten Zeitungen und Zeitschriften sind: „Bild-Zeitung“, „Zeit“, „Stern“, „Spiegel“.

Mit mehr als vier Millionen Besuchern jährlich ist Hamburg eines der attraktivsten Tourismusziele in Deutschland. Zu den Zielen der Besucher gehören auch die Hamburger Innenstadt, Binnenalster, der Hamburger Hafen, St. Pauli, St. Pauli-Landungsbrücke, die Reeperbahn und das Wahrzeichen Sankt Michael (auch Michel genannt). Die Hauptkirche der Stadt wurde im Jahre 1762 errichtet und ist 132 Meter hoch.

Die temporäre Veranstaltungen und Ereignisse wie der Hafengeburtstag, der Altonaer Fischmarkt und der Hamburger Dom, ziehen viele Leute an.

Übung 10. Entgegen Sie. Argumentieren Sie Ihre Meinung.

1. In Hamburg leben nicht viele Menschen. 2. Die Stadt hat kein Wahrzeichen. 3. Hamburg gehörte nie der Hansa an. 4. In der Stadt fließt keinen Fluss. 5. Die Industriezweige sind in der Stadt nicht entwickelt. 6. Die Hauptkirche der Stadt wurde im XVI. Jahrhundert errichtet. 7. In Hamburg finden nie temporäre Veranstaltungen und Ereignisse statt. 8. Hamburg ist keines der attraktivsten Tourismusziele in Deutschland. 9. Hamburg ist keine Pressemetropole.

Übung 11. Setzen Sie in folgende Sätze die unten angegebenen Wörter ein.

1. Hamburg ist 110 Kilometer von der … entfernt. 2. Schon im Mittelalter war die Stadt ein bedeutendes... . 3. Die wichtigsten Industriezweige sind auch… . 4. In der Stadt gibt es zwei…. 5. Das Wahrzeichen der Stadt ist…. 6. Die bekanntesten Zeitungen sind… . 7. Zu den Touristenzielen gehören….

Handelszentrum, Binnenalster und Hamburger Hafen, Elektrotechnik, Flüsse, Spiegel und Stern, Nordsee, Sankt Michael.

Übung 12. Lesen Sie und übersetzen Sie den Text.

Text 3. Munich

München ist die Landeshauptstadt des Freistaates Bayern. Sie ist mit rund 1.35 Millionen Einwohnern die größte Stadt Bayerns und die drittgrößte Stadt Deutschlands.

München ist eines der ältesten deutschen Länder und ein bedeutendes deutschen Kunst- und Kulturzentrum. In der Stadt gibt es sehr viele Museen, z.B. Alte und Neue Pinakothek. Die alte Pinakothek ist eine der größten Gemäldesammlung der Welt aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Die neue Pinakothek besitzt Gemälde- und Skulpturensammlung aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

D
as bekannteste Wahrzeichen von München sind die beiden Kuppeltürme der Frauenkirche (Abb.1). Die Kirche wurde im spätgotischen Stil im 15. Jahrhundert gebaut.Abb.1

Seit 1810 wird in München das Oktoberfest gefeiert. Viele deutsche und ausländische Touristen kommen nach München, um das Oktoberfest mitzuerleben. Dieses Fest dauert 16 Tage. Die Stadt ist auch ein bedeutendes Zentrum von Wissenschaft und Forschung. Viele Hochschulen und zwei Universitäten befinden sich in München. Als Wirtschaftszentrum steht diese Stadt hinter Hamburg und Berlin. Besonders stark sind hier die Elektrotechnik, Druckindustrie, Autoindustrie, Maschinenbau entwickelt.

Übung 13. Antworten Sie auf die Fragen.

1. Wie groß ist die Stadt? 2. Welche bekannten Museen hat München? 3. Was besitzen Alte und Neue Pinakotheken? 4. Nennen Sie das bekannteste Wahrzeichen von München. 5. Seit wann feiert man Oktoberfest? 6. Warum ist München ein bedeutendes Zentrum von Wissenschaft und Forschung. 7. Welche Industriezweige sind hier besonders entwickelt?

Übung 14. Finden Sie die falschen Sätze.

1. München ist die zweigrößte Stadt Deutschlands. 2. München ist eines der ältesten deutschen Länder. 3. Seit 1810 wird in München das Oktoberfest gefeiert. 4. Das Fest dauert 14 Tage. 5. Nur zwei Hochschulen befinden sich in München. 6. Die Frauenkirche wurde im 14. Jahrhundert gebaut. 7. In München gibt es eine Universität.

Übung 15.Übersetzen Sie ins Deutsche.

1. 3.5 million people live in the capital of Germany. 2. After the war, the Berlin Wall was erected in Berlin. 3.The most famous streets of Berlin are Pod Lipami and Kurfürstendamm. 4. Hamburg is a port city, and already in the Middle Ages it was a center of trade. 5. The most important industries of the city on the Elbe are shipbuilding, aircraft manufacturing, electrical engineering, and the chemical industry. 6. In Hamburg there are many publishing houses that publish magazines such as Spiegel, Bild, Stern and others. 7. Michel, built in 1762, is a symbol of Hamburg. 8. Munich is the third largest city in Germany. 9. Every year tourists from all over the world come to Munich to celebrate Oktoberfest.

Übung 16. Lesen und verstehen Sie den Text ohne Wörterbuch.

Die Hamburger Universität ist nicht besonders alt, sie gründete man 1919. The University of Hamburg is not very old, it was founded in 1919.

Die Uni hatte damals nur 6 Fakultäten. At that time the university had only 6 faculties.

Später, nachdem sie reorganisiert wurde, bekam sie Fachbereiche. Later, after it was reorganized, he received specialties.

Zurzeit gibt es hier 19 Fachbereiche, sowohl für geisteswissenschaftliche, als auch für naturwissenschaftliche Wissenschaften. Currently there are 19 specialties, both humanities and natural sciences.

Man braucht vor der Immatrikulation nur das Abschlusszeugnis des Gymnasiums oder der Hauptschule vorzulegen. Before enrolling, you only need to present a high school or secondary school certificate.

Hunderte immatrikuliert man an der Uni, einige exmatrikuliert, wenn sie schlecht studieren, denn eine harte selbständige Arbeit aller Studenten ist das Hauptprinzip aller Hochschulen Deutschlands. Hundreds are enrolled in the university; some are expelled if they do not study well, because main principle milestone universities in Germany - persistent independent work all students.

Das halten nicht alle aus. Not everyone can handle it.

Jeder Student stellt nach der Immatrikulation selbst seinen Studienplan für die ganze Studienzeit zusammen. Each student, after enrollment, independently draws up his/her syllabus for the entire duration of study.

Eine der stärksten und wahrscheinlich eine der wichtigsten Seiten der deutschen Hochschulausbildung ist das Studentenrecht, Professoren, Seminare, das Thema der Prüfung und Abschlussprüfung zu wählen. One of the strongest and probably one of the most important aspects of the German higher education is the right of students to choose professors, seminars, exam topics and final exams.

Wie in allen deutschen Hochschulen teilt sich das Studium an der Unversität in zwei Abschnitte: Grundstudium (vier erste Semester) und Hauptstudium (alle Semester nach dem Grundstudium). As in all German universities, studying at the university is divided into two stages: the initial stage (the first four semesters) and the main stage (all semesters after the main stage).

Die Studienzeit dauert 8 Semester. The study period lasts 8 semesters.

Aber wenn man 2 oder 3 Seminare (Studienrichtungen) wählt, so studiert man 12 to 14 Semester. But if you choose 2 or 3 seminars (areas of training), then you study for 12–14 semesters.

Es gibt im Hochschulbereich folgende Formen des Studiums: Seminare, Übungen und Vorlesungen. In the field of higher education, the following forms of training are available: seminars, practical lessons and lectures.

Hauptformen des Studiums sind Seminare. The main form of training is seminars.

Die Hauptseminare beginnen im 5.Semester. The main seminars begin in the 5th semester.

Jeder Tutor spornt Studenten an, seine eigene Meinung zu entwickeln und sie zu begründen. Each mentor encourages students to develop their own opinions and justify them.

Die Studenten schreiben zu jedem Seminar ein Referat. Students write an abstract for each seminar.

Sein Umfang ist 20 – 25 maschinegeschriebene Seiten. Its volume is 20–25 typewritten pages.

Die Auswahl von Themen ist groß. The choice of topics is great.

Wer die Wahl hat, hat die Qual. Whomever to choose, it’s up to you to rack your brains.

Dabei hilft ihnen entweder ihr Tutor oder Professor. In this case, either a curator or a professor helps them.

Die Studenten legen während des Studiums nur zwei Prüfungen ab: die erste Prüfung nach dem Grundstudium und die zweite Prüfung nach dem Hauptstudium, so genannte Abschlussprüfung. During their studies, students take only two exams: the first after initial stage and the second after the main stage, the so-called final exam.

Es gibt hier im Vergleich mit Examen an russischen Hochschulen einen großen Unterschied: die Studenten legen hier nicht das ganze Lehrmaterial ab, sondern nur das Thema, das sie selbst wählten und danach mit dem Professor besprachen. There is a big difference here in comparison with exams at Russian universities: students do not take all the educational material, but only the topic that they themselves chose and then discussed with the professor.

In jedem Studienjahr hat man zwei Semester. In every academic year two semesters.

Das Wintersemester beginnt am 1. Oktober und dauert bis zum 30. März, einschließlich 10 - 12 Tage Weihnachtsferien. The winter semester begins on October 1 and lasts until March 30, including 10–12 days of Christmas holidays.

Das Sommersemester dauert set dem 1. April und bis zum 30. September. The summer semester lasts from April 1 to September 30.

Das ist im Vergleich zu den Terminen in Russland ein Unterschied. This is a difference compared to the timing in Russia.

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