Spanish dictionary for beginners. Basic phrases in Spanish for tourists (with translation). Bonus offers at Joycasino

We have compiled the Spanish phrasebook for tourists so that you can use simple combinations of words to create a simple question and understand a simple answer. With the help of our phrasebook you will not be able to participate in a philosophical discussion or discuss an event.

In our Russian-Spanish phrasebook, intended for tourists, we have collected those words and expressions that we ourselves used. Only what is needed for communication.

Hasta la vista, baby!

I’ll say right away that Galya and I don’t speak Spanish, only spoken English. But before the trip, as always, we learned phrases that help simple communications.

Of course, we knew some things. Among these well-known phrases were the famous words: “Hasta la vista, baby.” Naively, we believed that this was a common farewell. Many Spanish phrasebooks we found on the Internet reported that “Hasta la vista” means “goodbye.”

Naturally, we used our knowledge of Spanish at the first opportunity. Imagine our surprise when the owner of the house in Santander where we booked a nice little room on the second floor, he turned pale and worried. We were going for a walk around the city and said goodbye to it in the way we know - “Hasta la vista”. Instead of “baby,” we naturally inserted his name.

Deciding that our pronunciation was not clear enough, we said our goodbyes in unison once again. This time more clearly and loudly, so that the Spaniard would understand us for sure.

He was stunned and began to ask what we didn’t like so much about his house. I had to resort to the application described above.

We soon learned that we were saying goodbye to the owner forever. He decided that we would not return again...

Conclusion: Spaniards almost never use this phrase. So much for “goodbye”! Just say: “Adios!” And, of course, smile)

Another useful word, which we often heard from the Spaniards when they asked how to get to a boring place, this is “rotonda”.

Rotunda is a place on the road where a circular turn is made. In our country, intersections are more common, while in Spain, roundabouts are more common (this way they get rid of unnecessary traffic lights). Naturally, it is more convenient to indicate the direction in which Galya and I are moving from some point. In 80% it was a rotunda (circle).

It must be said that even with a city map in hand, it is not easy to navigate in Spain, because... they very rarely write street names on houses. The most convenient in this regard is Germany. In Germany, street names are on each post and indicate the direction.

Check . You need to know at least a little about the names of the numbers. It is better to have a notepad and pen on hand. When you buy something, calmly ask them to write down the price in a notebook.

The phrase helps: “speak more slowly, I don’t understand Spanish well.”

Another personal observation. In Russia, we often address strangers with the words: “Excuse me, ... or Excuse me, please, how to get through...” In Spanish, the word por favor (por favor) is recommended to be used before addressing. For example, on the street. “Por favor (please, in our sense of “excuse me please”), and then the question is how to get to Torres Street (for example).

We noticed that almost all Spaniards exclaim “¡Hola!” to attract attention (greet). (Ola). But beggars and beggars pronounce “porfavor” when addressing them. Maybe Galya and I came across such polite beggars, maybe we were just lucky and it was an accident, but we decided to say the word “por favor” in specific situations - in a store or in personal communication, already in the process of communication, and on the street to address people with the greeting “¡Hola!” But this is solely our observation.

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How to learn Spanish in a week

Recently we found a funny video that shows how you can learn Spanish in a week. The results are amazing!

Russian-Spanish phrasebook for tourists

Necessary words

Spanish greetings

Hello!	hola	ola
Good morning	buenos días	Buenos dias
Good afternoon	buen día	Buen Dia
Good evening	Buenas tardes	Buenas Tardes
Good night	buenas nights	Buenas Noches
Bye see you)	adios	adyos
See you later	hasta luego	asta luego
How are you doing?	como esta usted?	Como esta usted?
Great (excellent). And you?	Muy bien. Y usted?	Mui bien. And usted?

Difficulty understanding

I don't understand	No comprendo	But comprendo
I'm lost	Me he perdido	Me e perdido
I understand	Comprendo	Comprendo
You understand?	Comprende usted?	Komprende usted?
May I ask you?	¿Le puedo preguntar?	Le puedo praguntar?
Can you speak slowly?	¿Podria usted hablar más despacio?	Podria usted ablar mas despacio? Mas-despacio, porfavor (short version).
Please repeat	Repitan por favor	Rapitan por favor
Can you write this?	¿Me lo puede escribir?	Mae le puede escrivire?

In the city

Railway station/train station	La estacion de trenes	La Estacion de Tranes
Bus station	La estacion de autobuses	La Estacion de Autobuses
Tourist office or tourist information	La oficina de turismo	La officena de turismo or Tourist Information
City Hall/Town Hall	El ayuntamiento	El ayuntamiento
Library	La biblioteca	La library
A park	El parque	El Parque
Garden	El Jardin	El Hardin
City wall	La muralla	La Muraya
Tower	La torre	La Torre
Street	La calle	La Caye
Square	La plaza	La Plaza
Monastery	El monasterio / el convento	El Monasterio / El Combento
House	La casa	La Casa
Castle	El palacio	El Palacio
Lock	El castillo	El castillo
Museum	El museo	El Museo
Basilica	La basilica	La Basilica
Art Gallery	El museo del arte	El museo delarte
Cathedral	La cathedral	La catedral
Church	La iglesia	La Iglessa
Tobacconist's	Los tabacos	Los Tabacos
Tourist agency	La agencia de viajes	La-akhensya de-vyahes
Shoe shop	La zapateria	La Zapateria
Supermarket	El supermercado	El supermercado
Hypermarket	El hipermercado	El Ipermercado
Market	El mercado	El Mercado
Salon	La peluqueria	La Peluceria
How much are the tickets?	Cuanto valen las entradas?	Quanto valen las entradas?
Where can I buy tickets?	Donde se puede comprar entradas?	Donde se puede comprar entradas?
When does the museum open?	Cuando se abre el museo?	Cuando se abre el museo?
Where is?	Donde esta?	Donde esta?

Taxi

Where can I get a taxi?	Donde puedo tomar un taxi?	Donde puedo tomar un taxi
What is the rate until...?	Cuanto es la tarifa a...?	Quanto es la tariffa...
Take me to this address	Lleveme a estas senas	Ljeveme a estas senyas
Take me to the airport	Lleveme al aeropuerto	Lleveme al aeropuerto
Take me to the train station	Lleveme a la estacion de ferrocarril	Lleveme a la estacion de ferrocarril
Take me to the hotel	Lleveme al hotel...	Lievem al otel
Near/close	Cerca	Serka
Far	Lejos	Lejos
Directly	Todo recto	Todo-rrekto
Left	a la izquierda	A la Izquierda
Right	a la derecha	A la derecha
Stop here please	Pare aqui, por favor	Pare aki por favor
Could you wait for me?	Puede esperarme, por favor	Puede esperarme porfavor

Hotel

2 (3, 4, 5-) star	De dos (tres, cuatro, cinco) estrellas)	De dos (très, cuatro, cinco) estrayas
Hotel	El hotel	El Hotel
I have reserved a room	Tengo una habitacion reservada	Tengo una-habitacion rreservada
Key	La llave	La-yawe
Receptionist	El botones	El Botones
Room with Square/Palace View	Habitacion que da a la plaza / al palacio	Habitacion que da a la plaza/al palacio
Room facing the courtyard	Habitacion que da al patio	Habitacion que da al-patyo
Room with bath	Habitacion con bano	Habitacion con bagno
Single Room	Habitacion individual	Habitacion individual
Double Room	Habitacion con dos camas	Habitacion con dos camas
With double bed	Con cama de matrimonio	Konkama de matrimonyo
Two bedroom suite	Habitacion doble	Habitacion doble
Do you have a free room?	Tienen una habitacion libre?	Tenen unabitacion libre?

Shopping/requests

Could you give it to me?	Puede darme esto?	Puede darme esto
Could you show it to me?	Puede usted ensenarme esto?	Puede usted ensenyarme esto
Could you help me?	Puede usted ayudarme?	Puede usted ayudarme
I would like to...	Quisiera...	Kisiera
Give it to me please	Demelo, por favor	Demelo por favor
Show me this	Ensenemelo	Ensenemelo
How much does it cost?	Cuanto cuesta esto?	Quanto questa esto
What is the price?	Cuanto es?	Quanto es
Too expensive	Muy caro	Mui karo
Sale	Rebajas	Rebajas
Can I try this on?	Puedo probarmelo?	Puedo probarmelo

Restaurant/cafe/grocery store

Order/menu

Dish of the day	El plato del dia	El Plateau del Dia
Set lunch	Menu del dia	Maine del Dia
Menu	La carta / el menu	La carta / el menu
Waiter/ka	Camarero/camarera	Camarero / camarera
I am a vegetarian	Soy vegetariano	Soy vejetariano.
I want to reserve a table.	Quiero reservar una mesa	Quiero rreservar una-mesa.
Do you have a table for two (three, four) people?	Tienen una mesa para dos (tres, cuatro) personas?	Tenen unamesa para-dos (très, cuatro) personas?
The check, please.	La cuenta, por favor	La Cuenta, Port Favor
Wine list	La carta de vinos	La carta de vinos
Beverages	Bebidas	Babydas
Snacks	Los entremeses	Los Entremeses
Tapas/snacks (National)	Tapas	Tapas
Breakfast	El desayuno	El Desayno
Dinner	La comida/el almuerzo	La comida / el almuerzo
First course	El primer plateau	El primer plateau
Soup	Sopa	Sopa
Dinner	La cena	La Sena
Dessert	El postre	El Postre

Beverages

Coffee	Cafe	Cafe
Tea	Te	Tae
Water	Agua	Agua
Wine	Vino	Wine
Red wine	Vino tinto	Wine tinto
Pink wine	Vino rosado	Wine rosado
White wine	Vino blanco	Wine blanco
Sherry	Jerez	Hares
Beer	Cerveza	Servesa
Orange juice	Zumo de naranja	Sumo de naranja
Milk	Leche	Leche
Sugar	Azucar	Asúcar

Dishes

Meat	Carne	Carne
Veal	Ternera	Turner
Pork	Cerdo	Cardo
Medium-roasted	Poco hecho	Poco Echo
Well done	Muy hecho	Mui-echo
Vegetable stew	Menestra	Menestra
Paella	Paella	Paella
Cake/pie	Tarta	Tarta
Cake(s)	Pastel / pasteles	Pastel / pasteles
Ice cream	Helado	Elado

Products

Bread	Pan	Pan
Toasts (fried bread)	Tostadas	Tostadas
Egg	Huevo	Huevo
Butter	Mantequilla	Mantakiya
Cheese	Queso	Kaeso
Sausages	Salchichas	Salchichas
Smoked ham	Jamon serrano	Jamon serrano
Apple(s)	Manzana/ manzanas	Manzana/manzanas
Orange(s)	Naranja/naranjas	Naranja/naranjas
Lemon	Lemon	Lemon
Fruit / fruits	Fruta/frutas	Fruta
Dried fruits	Frutos secos	Frutos sekos
Meat	Carne	Carne
Veal	Ternera	Turner
Sauce	Salsa	Salsa
Vinegar	Vinagre	Vinagre
Salt	Sal	Sal
Sugar	Azucar	Asúcar

Seafood

Dishes

Useful words

Good	Bueno	Bueno
Bad	Malo	Few
Enough/enough	Bastante	Bastante, you can add the word - finita
Cold	Frio	Frio
Hot	Caliente	Caliente
Small	Pequeno	Paqueño
Big	Grande	Grandet
What?	Que?	Ke?
There	Alli	Ayi
Elevator	Ascensor	Assensor
Toilet	Servicio	Servisio
Closed/Closed	Cerrado	Cerrado
Open/open	Abierto	Avierto
No smoking	Prohibido fumar	Provido fumar
Entrance	Entrada	Entrada
Exit	Salida	Salida
Why?	How about?	Porque?

Check

Just in case, it’s worth having a notepad on hand and writing down the numbers, especially when it comes to payment. Write the amount, show it, clarify.

You can clarify the numbers by saying:

zero	cero	sero
one	uno	uno
two	dos	dos
three	tres	tres
four	cuatro	quattro
five	cinco	Cinco
six	seis	seis
seven	siete	siete
eight	ocho	wow
nine	nueve	nueve
ten	diez	ten

So, you can call your hotel room not 405 (four hundred and five), but by numbers: quatro, sero, cinco. They will understand you.

Dates and times

When?	Cuando?	Cuando?
Tomorrow	Manana	Mañana
Today	Hoy	Oh
Yesterday	Ayer	Iyer
Late	Tardet	Arde
Early	Temprano	Temprano
Morning	La manana	La Mañana
Evening	La tarde	La tarde

Emergencies

Call the fire department!	Llame a los bomberos!	Yame a los bomberos!
Call the police!	Llame a la police!	Yame a-lapolisia!
Call an ambulance!	Llame a una ambulancia!	Yame a-unambulansya!
Call a doctor!	Llame a un medico!	Yame a-umediko
Help!	Socorro!	Socorro!
Stop! (Stop!)	Pare!	Pare!
Pharmacy	Farmacia	Pharmacia
Doctor	Medico	Medico

Example dialogue in Spanish

Of course, during a conversation it’s inconvenient to get into a phrasebook and read. Some words are worth learning. You can prepare questions in a notepad. As a last resort, you can point your finger at a printed phrasebook.

Here is an example of a dialogue compiled from this phrasebook:

— Ola (greeting)

- Me he perdido (I'm lost). Puede usted ayudarme? (could you help me?) Donde esta? (where is) La calle (street) …. Torres?

With the help of this phrasebook you asked a question. Now comes the most important part: understanding the answer.

1. Show a map of the city
2. If you don't have a map, take a notepad and pen
3. Don’t be shy about asking:

— ¿Podria usted hablar más despacio? (Could you speak more slowly). No comprendo! (I don't understand). Repitan por favor (please repeat). ¿Me lo puede escribir? (Can you write it? In our case, draw it).

1. Ask again and clarify:

- Lejos (far?) Todo recto (straight?) A la izquierda (to the left?) A la derecha (to the right?)

2. Watch your hands and facial expressions
3. At the end, don’t forget to say:

— Muchas gracias (thank you very much). Adios (goodbye!)

Before our trip to Spain, Galya and I watched the lessons

« Polyglot. Spanish from scratch in 16 hours "(Culture Channel)

Sincerely,

Russian-Spanish phrasebook: how to communicate in an unfamiliar country. Popular phrases and expressions for travelers.

• Tours for May Worldwide
• Last minute tours Worldwide

Spanish or Castilian (español, castellano) is the third most popular language in the world, an Ibero-Romance language that originated in the medieval kingdom of Castile. Spanish is spoken by about 500 million people in more than 40 countries.

They say Spanish is quite easy to learn, with about 60% Anglo-Saxon roots. Spanish words are read in the same way as they are written and vowels are never reduced, that is, they do not change their sound.

Knowing the basics of Spanish is extremely beneficial sunny tongue, you can understand several others quite well at once foreign languages: for example, Portuguese (slightly more lisping), Italian, and even a little French.

For the Russian ear, the Spanish language has many words that at least make you smile. For example, “huevo duro” is nothing more than “boiled egg.” Oh, excuse me, “fucking negro” means “black suit.” And in Spanish there are charming punctuation marks - exclamation and question marks. They are necessarily placed at the beginning and at the end of the sentence, and in the first case - upside down.
- Like this?
- And like this!

Greetings, general expressions
Hello, good afternoon/hello	Buenos Dias/Ola!
Good evening	Buenos Tardes
Goodbye, bye	Adyos
Thank you very much	Muchas Gracias
Sorry	Pardoname
How are you?	Como esta usted?
OK, thank you	Mui bien and usted
Do you speak Russian?	Abla usted ruso?
Please	Por favor
I don't understand	But comprendo
	Puede usted ablar mas despacio?
Could you repeat that?	Podria usted rapper eso?
Please write this	Por favor, escriballo
Yes	Si
No	But
Good	Bueno
Bad	Few
Enough/Enough	Bastante
For the good of the cause
Where is the nearest exchange office?	Donde esta la oficina de cambio mas serkana?
Can you change these traveler's checks?	Puede kambiarme estos chekes de vyajero?
Sorry, polite form of “Hey, you!”	Perdon
Okay, that's good	Bale
I love you	Yo tae amo
Standard phrases
Cold	Frio
Hot	Caliente
Small	Paqueño
Big	Grandet
What?	Ke?
There	Ayi
Here	Aki
How much time?	Ke ora es?
I don't understand	But entiendo
I'm really sorry	Losiento
Can you speak slowly?	Mas-despacio, por-favor?
Do you speak English/Russian?	Abla ingles/rruso?
How to get/get to..?	Pordonde se-va a..?
How are you?	Ke tal?
Very good	Mui bien
Thank you	Gracias
Please	Por favor
How are you doing?	Ketal?
Thank you excellent	Mui bien, gracias.
And you?	Yuste?
Very nice to meet you	Encantado/encantada
See you later!	Hasta pronto!
Where is/are..?	Dondesta/dondestan..?
How many meters/kilometers from here to..?	Quantos metros/kilometros ay de-aki a..?
Hot	Caliente
Cold	Frio
Elevator	Assensor
Toilet	Servisio
Closed	Cerrado
Open	Avierto
No smoking	Provido fumar
Exit	Salida
Why?	Porque?
Entrance	Entrada
Closed/closed	Cerrado
Fine	Bien
Open/open	Abierto
Numbers and numbers
Zero	Sero
One	Uno
Two	Dos
Three	Tres
Four	Quattro
Five	Cinco
Six	Says
Seven	Siete
Eight	Ocho
Nine	Nueve
Ten	Diez
Twenty	Vaintae
Thirty	Trainta
Fourty	Karenta
Fifty	Sinquanta
Sixty	Sesenta
Seventy	Setenta
Eighty	Ochenta
Ninety	Novanta
One hundred	Siento
Five hundred	Quinientos
Thousand	miles
Million	Un million
Shops, restaurants
Do you have a table for two (three, four) people?	Tenen unamesa para-dos (très, cuatro) personas?
Waiter!	Camarero!
The check, please	La cuenta, por favor
Do you accept credit cards?	Aseptan tarhetas decredito?
Can I try this on?	Puedo got drunk?
How much does it cost?	Quanto questa esto?
Too expensive	Mui karo
Give it to me please	Damelo, por favor
Show me...	Enseneme...
I would like to...	Kishiera...
Sale	Rebajas
Please write this	Por favor escriballo
What else do you recommend?	Mae puede recomendar algo mas?
Can you make a tax-exempt purchase?	Usted puede formalisar la compra libre de impuestos?
Do you have a larger size?	Tiene una taya mas
Red wine	Wine tinto
Pink wine	Wine rosado
White wine	Wine blanco
Vinegar	Vinagre
Cake/pie	Tarta
Soup	Sopa
Sauce	Salsa
Cheese	Kaeso
Salt	Sal
Sausages	Salchichas
Bread	Pan
Butter	Mantakiya
Milk	Leche
Egg	Huevo
Ice cream	Elado
Fish	Pascado
Meat	Carne
Dinner	La Sena
Dinner	La comida/el almuerzo
Breakfast	El Desayno
Menu	La Carta/El Maine
Waitress	Camarero/Camarera
On the road
Where can I get a taxi?	Donde puedo kocher un taxi?
Take me to this address	Ljeveme a estas senyas
...to the airport	...al aeropuerto
...to the train station	...a la estacion de ferrocarril
...to the hotel	...al otel
Stop here please	Pare aki, por favor
Could you wait for me?	Puede esperarme, por favor?
I want to rent a car	Quiero alkilar un koche
Is insurance included in the rental price?	El precio inclue el seguro?
Can I leave my car at the airport?	Puedo dejar el coche en el aeropuerto?
Right	A la derecha
Left	A la Izquierda
What is the rate until...?	Quanto es la tariffa a?
Hotel
Do you have a free room?	Tenen unabitacion libre?
Could you reserve a room?	Godria rezervarme una abitasyon?
2 (3, 4, 5-) star	De dos (très, cuatro, cinco) estrayas
Hotel	El Hotel
I have reserved a room	Tengo una-habitacion rreservada
Key	La-yawe
Receptionist	El Botones
Room with Square/Palace View	Habitacion que da a la plaza/al palacio
Room facing the courtyard	Habitacion que da al-patyo
Room with bath	Habitacion con bagno
Single Room	Habitacion individual
Double Room	Habitacion con dos camas
With double bed	Konkama de matrimonyo
Two bedroom suite	Habitacion doble
Orientation in the city
Railway station/train station	La Estacion de Tranes
Bus station	La Estacion de Autobuses
Tourist Office	La officena de turismo
City Hall/Town Hall	El ayuntamiento
Library	La library
A park	El Parque
Garden	El Hardin
Tower	La Torre
Street	La Caye
Square	La Plaza
Monastery	El Monasterio/El Combento
Castle	El Palacio
Lock	El castillo
Museum	El Museo
Basilica	La Basilica
Art Gallery	El museo delarte
Cathedral	La catedral
Temple	La Iglessa
Tourist agency	La-akhensya de-vyahes
Shoe shop	La Zapateria
Supermarket	El supermercado
Hypermarket	El Ipermercado
Newsstand	El Chiosco de Prince
Mail	Los Correos
Market	El Mercado
Salon	La Peluceria
How much are the tickets?	Quanto valen las entradas?
Where can I buy tickets?	Donde se puede comprar entradas?
When does the museum open?	Cuando se abre el museo?
Where is?	Donde esta?
How much do I owe you?	Cointeau le débo?
Where is the post office?	Donde estan correos?
Down/Below	Abajo
Up/Upstairs	Arriba
Far	Lejos
Near/close	Serka
Directly	Todo-rrekto
Left	A la Izquierda
Right	A-la-derecha
Left	Izquierdo/Izquierda
Right	Derecho/derecha
Swearing in Spanish
Damn it!	Caramba!
Thousand devils!	Con mi diablos!
Stupid people	Troncos
Emergencies
Where is the nearest telephone?	Dondesta el telefono mas proximo?
Call the fire department!	Yame a los bomberos!
Call the police!	Yame a-lapolisia!
Call an ambulance!	Yame a-unambulansya!
Call a doctor!	Yame a-umediko
Help!	Socorro!
Stop! (Stop!)	Pare!
Pharmacy	Pharmacia
Doctor	Medico
Dates and times
Tomorrow	Mañana
Today	Oh
Morning	La Mañana
Evening	La tarde
Yesterday	Iyer
When	Cuando?
Late	Arde
Early	Temprano
Monday	Lunes
Tuesday	Martes
Wednesday	Mierkoles
Thursday	Hueves
Friday	Biernäs
Saturday	Sabado
Sunday	Domingo
January	Enero
February	Fabrero
March	Marceau
April	Abril
May	Mayo
June	Junio
July	Julio
August	Agosto
September	Septiembre
October	Octubre
November	Noviembre
December	Disiembre
Speech irregularities
Letter	Map
Giving	Gift
Desert	Desserto
First	Example

Spanish is one of the most popular languages ​​in the world, it is spoken in Spain and in other countries Latin America, although they speak dialects and variations of classic Spanish. Classical Spanish is the basis and is perfectly understood in Peru, Chile, Portugal, Mexico, Cuba and other countries South America. In general, this amounts to more than half a billion people in the world. So learning 100 phrases in Spanish will be useful.

The language of Lorca and Cervantes

The Spanish language sounds beautiful, is melodic and easy to learn. The spelling and pronunciation are almost identical; learning it yourself at the tourist level is quite simple. In everyday speech, Spaniards use approximately 700-1000 words, of which approximately 150-200 are verbs. And for tourism purposes, in order not to get lost in the cities of Spain or to understand airport employees, about 100 phrases consisting of 300-350 words are enough.

They are conventionally divided into several groups: words of gratitude and phrases for polite communication in a restaurant, airport and on the road. You will also need numbers, pronouns and the most popular verbs, directions and names of places, days of the week and time. You also need to learn the words necessary in difficult and dangerous situations, ask for help or help passers-by.

Sounds and pronunciations in Spanish

To speak Spanish, start learning with the basics - phonetics and the alphabet. Language has its own peculiarities and complexities. The Spanish alphabet is almost identical to the English one, with the exception of 1 detail - the letter “Ñ” has been added, it is read “n”. Otherwise they are the same. Let's look at the details of the phonetic features of Spanish letters:

• at the beginning of a word the letter “H” is not pronounced, in the word “Hola!” (hello), it is pronounced “Ola” with the first vowel removed;
• in classical spanish letter"C" is often pronounced with a whistle, somewhat similar to the English combination "th";
• the letter “E” is read “E”, at this moment foreigners can be heard strongly;
• the letter "L" in Spanish is soft;
• Basically, words are read as they are written, there are exceptions, but they are few;
• stress is placed according to the rules, unlike the Russian language - at the end of the word there is a consonant letter (except for N and S), then the stress is on the last syllable, vowel or letters N and S, then on the penultimate one;
• the letter “C” is read “K” in combination with the vowels a, o, u; and “C” - with the letters e, i;
• the letter "G" is read "Г" in combination with a, o, u; and with the letters e, i – pronounced “X”;

• special combinations “GUE”, “GUI” are read as “Ge” and “Gi”, and “QUE” and “QUI” are read as “Ke” and “Ki”;
• the letter “V” is pronounced like the middle between “v” and “b”;
• the letters “S” and “Z” are read like the Russian “S”, and in Spain they are pronounced similar to “ts”.

These features are easy to remember, otherwise the languages ​​are similar and it is not difficult for Russians to learn Spanish and speak it in a way that is understandable for the natives of Spain.

The difficulty lies in the first 2-3 months of training, when pronunciation is difficult; at this time it is better to study with a teacher. You can independently instill the incorrect sound of some words and letter combinations; it is then difficult to relearn.

How to learn a foreign language?

Regardless of the country and language, its study must contain certain points and stages, then memorization and understanding will be achieved to the required extent. You can’t learn sentences without learning how individual words are pronounced, and you can’t start talking without gaining basic knowledge in constructing phrases. It is best to do everything gradually, including all stages:

• setting up pronunciation, studying basic words and sounds - here you can create a dictionary where new phrases and expressions are recorded with transcription and translation;

• solving and performing exercises on phonetics and spelling;
• writing words and expressions to consolidate knowledge with rote memory;
• listening to music and watching movies in Spanish with subtitles;
• reading books by Spanish authors and translating them - start with simple children's stories that are familiar to you from childhood, then move on to more complex ones;
• communication with native speakers in chat, in social networks, language centers, trips to a Spanish-speaking country.

Skipping any of the stages will negatively affect the speed and completeness of language learning; it is better if everything is in a complex. Communicating in Spanish will allow you to collect all the knowledge you have acquired and try to reproduce phrases so that you are understood. This is an opportunity to hear and try to understand real Spanish speech, because it is very different from the book.

Words of greeting and phrases of gratitude

First of all, write down the words of greeting and farewell in your dictionary; they are the basis for any language and for communication in any country. Spain is no exception; here everyone greets politely in shops, cafes, and when meeting acquaintances and friends. As in Russian, Spanish has several variants of phrases for varying degrees"kinship" with the interlocutor.

When meeting a friend and a well-known peer, you can say ¡Hola! (Ola!) - Hello! But to a stranger or an adult interlocutor they say ¡Buenos días! (Buenos Dias!), ¡Buenas tardes! (Buenos tardes!) or ¡Buenas noches! (Buenos noches!), which translates accordingly to “Good morning/day/night!”

I usually add after the greeting polite question"How are you?" or its variations, to which they do not talk about their problems, they simply say “Okay! And how are you?" It sounds like this:

What do you mean? ke tal How are you?
What do you think? komo estás How are you doing?

These two phrases can be used to communicate with an acquaintance or friend, but to a stranger or group of people you should say:

What do you think? komo está How are you doing? (if there is only one person), or
What's the point? komo estan How are you doing? (if you are addressing a group of people).

The answer options again depend on the interlocutor:

Bien, ¿y tú? [bean, and tu] Okay, what about you? - this is what you can say to a friend, but in other options you need the following wording:

Bien, gracias ¿y Usted? [been, gracias and ustet] Okay, thanks! And you?

In addition to standard greetings, you can use or hear the following phrases: ¿Qué tal la vida/ el trabajo/ la familia/ los estudios? (que tal la vida/el trabajo/la familia/los estudios), which means - How is your life/work/family/studies?

In response to these phrases, you can respond with the standard “Bien!”, or you can diversify your communication:

• ¡Excelente! (exelente) Great!
• ¡Muy bien! (muy bien) Very good!
• Más o menos. (mas o menos) More or less.
• Regular. (regular) Normal.
• Mal. (male) Bad.
• Muy mal. (muy mal) Very bad.
• Fatal. (fatal) Terrible.

But after these phrases, polite Spaniards will begin to ask questions and demand details; if you are not ready for this, then limit yourself to the standard wording.

You can say goodbye or wish you a good day with the famous phrase

• “¡Chao! (whao) Bye!” or “¡Adiós! (adós) Bye! Goodbye!" if the interlocutors are older than you or unfamiliar, then it is better to choose one of these:

• ¡Hasta luego! asta luego Goodbye!
• ¡Hasta pronto! asta pronto See you soon!
• ¡Hasta mañana! asta mañana See you tomorrow!
• Nos vemos. nose vemos See you later! See you.

If suddenly you are faced with a complete misunderstanding of your interlocutor, then you can tell him about it in the following words:

• No entiendo But entiendo I don’t understand.
• Mas despacio, por favor. Mas-despacio, por-favor Could you speak more slowly?
• No comprendo. But comprendo I don't understand.

These words are enough to look like a polite person when communicating with residents in Spanish cities. If you have difficulty understanding, you can switch to English, if it is easier for you to select phrases in this language, besides, you can meet Russian-speaking people, there are a lot of them in all countries of Europe and Latin America.

The right words if you don't know the way

The Spaniards are quite responsive and will gladly give directions to a tourist, but you must know how to ask and what they can tell you. In order not to memorize complex phrases and phrases, 3 options are enough and you will be understood:

Where is…

I need…

For example, you need to ask directions to a bank or hotel, you can ask the question this way:

• ¿Dónde está la calle/un banco/un hotel? (Donde esta la saye/un banko/un hotel?) – Where is the street/bank/hotel?
• Yo necesito la estación de ferrocarril. (yo nesesito la estacion de ferrocarril) - I need a station.

Other options that can be used to find the road:

¿Cómo llego a...? - How do I get to…?
¿Qué tan lejos es…? - How far is...?

In response, they may offer you a map or show you the direction, or they may explain in detail how to get there and where to turn; the following expressions are used for this:

• Right side, to the right (a la derecha) a la derecha;
• Left side, to the left (a la izquierda) a la izquierda;
• Straight ahead (derecho) derecho;
• On the corner (en la esquina) en la esquina;
• Far (Lejos) Lejos;
• Near/near (Serca) Cerca;
• In one/two/three/four blocks (a una cuadra/a dos,/tres/cuatro cuadras) a una cuadra/a dos/tres/cuatro cuadras.

Even if you don't understand the Spanish answer well, you can ask to repeat it again or say that you don't understand. As a rule, they will be happy to draw a map, guide you to a place, or explain in more detail and more clearly.

In Spain they treat tourists well and are happy when you manage to pronounce words correctly. They will help you on the street and in the store, and the police officers will also escort you to the right place.

Phrases for emergency situations

Unforeseen situations can happen to anyone, no one is immune from this. You or your friends, as well as a person on the street, may need help. You wouldn’t walk past people in trouble simply because you don’t know how to call a doctor in Spanish, would you? When traveling with children, a quick response to a situation is often required, and searching for the correct phrase in a phrasebook or online translator will make it very difficult to solve the problem. What basic phrases might you need to find help:

• ¡Ayúdame! (Ayudame!) Help me!
• Help! (Socorro!) Socorro!
• Stop! (Stop!) (Pare!) Pare!
• Necesito un doctor/ dentista/ official de police. - I need a doctor/dentist/policeman.
• ¿Hay una farmacía cerca? - Is there a pharmacy nearby?
• ¿Puedo utilizar su telefono? - Can I use your phone?
• ¡Llame a la policía/ ambulancia/ los bomberos! (Yame a-lapolicia/a-unambulansya/a-los-bomberos!) - Call the police/ambulance/fire department!
• Fire! (fuego) Fuego!
• I'm lost. (meh perdido) Me he perdido.

These phrases will be enough to ask passers-by for help in an emergency. If you know them by heart, it may save someone’s life or health and make your trip much calmer and safer.

As a conclusion!

Spanish is a beautiful, sonorous and musical language; learning it is pleasant and easy. Phrases for tourists are just the beginning, the tip of the iceberg, and a real understanding of this music will come after a year or two of mastering it. When you can understand your interlocutor, and not guess by gestures what they told you, when you can watch Spanish films without subtitles and translation, then you can confidently go to a foreign country and enjoy its culture and inner world.

Where you can learn Spanish:

1. Language schools, courses and individual sessions with a teacher is the most popular and most productive way.
2. Online programs and smartphone applications for self-study– long and requires self-discipline.
3. Video and audio lessons, exercises and assignments online and in books will require adjustments from a specialist or help at an entry-level level.
4. Visiting a country or communicating with native speakers is quick, but it will only give you spoken language; they won’t teach you how to read and write.

If learning Spanish is your dream, then supplement your studies by reading the history of the country, books by national authors, and searching for information about its culture and characteristics. Then the picture will be more complete. If you need a language to do work, then deepen your study with technical knowledge and specialized words. To do this, you will need special literature, magazines, newspapers, websites and blogs on necessary topics, and you should start studying them only after completing the basic part.

Classes can take from six months to infinity, depending on the intensity and density of classes, the degree of immersion in learning, repeating acquired knowledge and adding new words and phrases.

When planning a new trip, many of us think through the route in advance and try to answer the questions: “Where to go?”, “What to see?”, “Which restaurant to dine at?” Knowing the basics of Spanish will help you experience much more than just good food and beautiful sights.

Our Spanish expert - Natalia Volkova I have collected a selection of necessary phrases. Thanks to them, you will be able to deeply feel the atmosphere of this cheerful country and touch its Everyday life. In addition, it has long been known that most Spaniards do not speak English.

Even knowing such basic phrases as “¡Hola!” and “¿Cómo estás?” will help you feel more comfortable while traveling.

Learn to greet and say goodbye in Spanish

The simplest universal greeting ¡Hola! - Hello!

There are also phrases indicating the time of day, for example: ¡Buenos días! - Good morning! Good afternoon (can be heard from 6.00 to 12.00 noon), ¡Buenas tardes! - Good afternoon! (from 12.00 to 20.00) and ¡Buenas noches! - Good evening! (from about 20.00) with the same phrase the Spaniards wish " Good night!". The answer to these greetings can be a repetition of these phrases, or only part of them: ¡Buenas tardes! - ¡Buenas!

Everyday phrases in Spanish

¿Cómo está(s)?	How are you?
¿Qué tal la vida?	What's up? Can be used with words such as: la familia, los estudios, el trabajo.
Muy bien	Very good
Mal	Badly
Asi asi	so-so
Сomo siempre	As always
Estupendamente	perfect
¿y tú?	And you?
¿y usted?	And you?
¿Qué tal te va el viaje?	How was the trip?
¿Qué hay (de nuevo)?	What's new?
¿Qué pasa?	What's happening?
Está bien, no pasa nada	Nothing, everything is fine.
Lo siento mucho, de verdad	I'm really sorry, I really am.

How to say thank you

In the city

¿Hay algún mercadillo al aire libre por aquí?	Is there any outdoor flea market nearby?
antiques	antiques
de sellos y monedas	stamps and coins
de ropa	clothes
¿Dónde está.....?	Where is....?
Está a la vuelta de la esquina	around the corner
Está a 5 minutos de aquí	five minutes from here
Está a 10 minutos a pie / corriendo / en bici / en coche	10 minutes walk / run / bike / car
Seguir todo recto	go straight
Seguir hasta el final de la calle	walk to the end of the street
Girar a la izquierda/a la derecha	turn left/right
Cruzar la calle	cross, cross the street
Rodear el parque	go around the park
¿A qué hora se abre el museo?	When does the museum open?
¿A qué hora quedamos?	What time do we agree to meet?
¿Dónde se puede comprar las entradas?	Where can I buy entrance tickets?
¿Las entradas se puede comprar en la entrada del museo o por internet?	Can tickets be purchased at the museum entrance or online?
¿Cuánto valen las entradas?	How much are the tickets?
¿Aquí se puede fotografiar?	Can I take photos?
Los lugares de interés	attractions
El hotel	hotel
El Banco	bank
El cajero automático	ATM
La oficina de cambio	exchange office
La cafeteria	cafe
El supermercado	supermarket
El mercado	bazaar
El quiosco	kiosk
El museo	museum
El alquiler de coches	car rental

Taxi

Hotel

Quería una habitación.	I would like to rent a room.
Reservar una habitación	book a room
Una habitación doble / individual / de lujo	double / single / luxury room
Tener una reserve de habitación	have a room reservation
Confirmar la reserve	confirm your reservation
La habitación que da a la piscina / con vistas al mar	room with pool/sea view
Completar la ficha con los datos personales	fill out the form with personal information
¿A qué hora tengo que dejar la habitación?	What time do you release your room?
¿Está incluido el desayuno?	Breakfast included?
¿Podría pedir una pizza a mi habitación?	Can I order pizza to my room?
¿Puedo usar el ascensor?	Can I use the elevator?

Shopping

Ir de compras	go shopping
Ir a las rebajas	go to sales
¿Tiene la talla S/M/L?	is there size S/M/L?
¿Dónde puedo probarme este vestido?	Where can I try on this dress?
¿Podría usted mostrarme estos pantalones negros?	Could you show me these black trousers?
Quería probarme estas espadrillas.	I would love to try on these espadrilles.
¿Tienes el número 38?	Is there a size 38? (about shoes)
¿Hay la talla S/M/L?	is there size S/M/L?
¿Hay estas sandalias en otro color?	Are these sandals available in other colors?
¿Me podría decir el precio, por favor?	Can you tell me the price please?
Pagar con tarjeta/ en efectivo	pay by card/cash
Tengo la tarjeta del club	I have a discount card
El probador	dressing room
La caja	cash register
¿Podría ayudarme?	Can you help me?

Restaurant and cafe

“Qué me recomienda?”	What do you advise?
¿Me recomienda algún plato tradicional?	Can you recommend me any traditional dish?
Quería probar algo típico de esta ciudad / región.	I'd like to try something typical of this city/region.
¿Tiene un menú vegetariano?	Do you have a vegetarian menu?
¿Cuál es el plato del día?	What's the dish of the day?
¿Qué lleva?	What is it made of?
¿Tiene ajo?	Is there garlic in there?
Quisiera algo de/sin....	I would like something with/without....
¿Con qué viene?	What does it come with? (with what side dish)
¿Qué guarnición lleva?	What side dish?
Para mí el salmón con la ensalada mixta	I'd like salmon and mixed salad.
El gazpacho	gazpacho
La tortilla de patatas	tortilla
El pescado al vapor con espárragos	steamed fish with asparagus
Las gambas / pollo a la plancha	fish / shrimp / grilled chicken
Una ración de mejillones/caballa/patatas fritas	one portion of mussels / sea bass / French fries
Me gustaria	I would like...
De primero	on the first
De segundo	for the second
De postre	for dessert
la magdalena	cake
la ensaimada	sweet bun sprinkled with powder
los churros	Chuross
el helado	ice cream
Para beber	from drinks
una taza de café solo / con leche	a cup of black coffee / with milk
un vaso de zumo de naranja/manzana	glass of orange/apple juice
una botella de agua mineral con gas/sin gas	bottle of sparkling/still mineral water
Disculpa.../ Perdona....	Sorry (sorry)
Por favor, me traiga...	Can you please bring it to me...
otra copa de vino	another glass of wine
tinto, seco, blanco	red, dry, white
Dejar una propina	leave a tip
La cuenta, por favor	The check, please.

Grocery store

Quería un kilo de.../ un kilo y medio/ medio kilo de...	I need 1 kilogram..../one and a half kilos/half a kilo...
Póngame / deme tres plátanos	Put/give me 3 bananas.
Una docena de huevos	a dozen eggs
Doscientos gramos de queso / jamón	200 grams cheese / jamon
Un paquete de harina / leche	packet of flour/milk.
Un manojo de esparragos	bunch of asparagus
Una lata de atún	tuna can
...de piña en conserva	canned pineapple
Una botella de vino	a bottle of wine
Un cucurucho de helado	one ice cream cone
Una barra de pan	a loaf of bread
Deme una bolsa grande / pequeña	can I have a large/small package
¿Algo más?	Anything else?
Nada más, gracias.	Nothing more, thank you.
Eso es todo.	This is all.

Dates and times

Days of the week

Emergencies

¡Necesito ayuda!	I need help!
¡Socorro! ¡Auxilio!	For help!
¡Cuidado!	Carefully!
Mi móvil se quedó sin saldo	I've run out of money on my mobile.
¿Puedo usar su móvil?	Can I use your phone?
He perdido mi pasaporte.	I've lost my passport.
¡Llame a la policía/ambulancia!	Call the police/ambulance!
Necesito un doctor.	I need a doctor.
Me he cortado/quemado.	I cut myself/burned myself.
Me han robado mi móvil.	My mobile phone was stolen.
Me han atacado.	I was attacked.
Quiero denunciar un robo.	I want to report a robbery.

Basic Spanish phrases will open up a variety of communication possibilities for you.

You can easily order coffee, ask how to get to the Sagrada Familia, where to buy tickets, and maybe exchange a few phrases with smiling Spaniards!

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