Three streams of information are constantly acting on a person. Rules and factors determining human health. Drugs that positively affect human health
Any society. In a healthy society, as a rule, healthy personalities are formed. Disadvantages of Education and Adverse Influences environment can lead to personality degradation. A person with a developed consciousness and self-awareness can withstand the influence of external conditions, struggle with difficulties and remain healthy physically, mentally and socially. One of the unifying social and mental health is the creative component of health. The presence of elements of creativity in the work is considered as a source of health. The more creativity and initiative are expressed in labor activity, personal abilities and knowledge are used, the more satisfaction it brings, the more noticeable its healing effect. And vice versa, the less labor attracts a person with its content and method of performance, the lower the satisfaction from it, the sooner, through negative emotions, it can become a source of various diseases. The characteristics of work that affect health include: creativity, learning new things, uniqueness. Work can be a source of health promotion, as it gives a sense of belonging to society, a sense of need, value, the ability to express one's abilities, reveal one's personality. The development of the spiritual world of a person, his creative abilities, creative attitude towards himself, his relatives, work, leisure - is a strategic change in lifestyle towards individual health. HEALTH CONCEPTS A concept is a set of basic ideas that make up a concept. For example, the concept of pedagogy - who to teach, what to teach and why to teach. There are several concepts of the concept of health, of which the concept of health balance and the adaptive concept of health are of the greatest interest. The concept of health balance was proposed by Noack (1993) to describe the dynamic balance that is maintained despite external problems (the result of environmental factors or behavior). It has two key dimensions of health: balance and health potential. Health potential is the ability to interact with the environment to maintain or restore balance. It can mean immunological resistance to infections, physical fitness, emotional stability, adequate knowledge about health, lifestyle, an effective way to cope with stress, etc. Health balance is an expression of a momentary state of balance between health potential and demand. In addition, a health resource is introduced - the amount of available funds to improve health potential. Health promotion is a force aimed at improving the system of balance. However, health potential is unknown prior to external exposure. Only the impact determines the possibilities of the organism. Therefore, the adaptive concept of health is more vital. Adaptation is an integral part of the adaptive reactions of a biological system to changes in the environmental conditions of existence. During adaptation, the system rebuilds, changes its structural connections to preserve the functions that ensure its existence as a whole in a changing environment. The ability to adapt is one of the properties and conditions for the development of a healthy person. As a universal fundamental property of living organisms, adaptation is the “whale” that, together with self-regulation, maintains the constancy of the internal environment and communicates with the external environment. There are two types of adaptive changes: urgent and cumulative (long-term). Urgent adaptation is characterized by continuously flowing adaptive changes that are not fixed, but disappear after the impact is removed. The nature and intensity of the urgent adaptation (reaction) exactly corresponds to the nature and strength of the external stimulus, which do not exceed the physiological capabilities of the organism. 12 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Cumulative adaptation is characterized by changes that occur in response to long-term, repeated external and internal influences. The outcomes of adaptive behavior can be represented as stages: 1. The state of satisfactory adaptation; 2. The state of incomplete or partial adaptation; 3. The state of tension of regulatory mechanisms; 4. The state of unsatisfactory adaptation; 5. The state of the floor of adaptation mechanisms. Apparently, the very concept of "adaptation" should be considered central to the problem of health. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the connection that many authors draw between these two concepts. Newborns do not have strict adaptation mechanisms, so its range is quite wide, which allows it to survive within a rather significant range of changes in living conditions. The formation of rigid adaptation mechanisms is accompanied not by a decrease, but by an increase in socio-psychological disturbing factors. Therefore, with age, the number of people with a breakdown in adaptation increases and the number of people with satisfactory adaptation to environmental conditions decreases. In addition to the age limitation of the limits and rigidity of adaptation, the development of maladaptive processes is influenced by two factors: the lack of training of adaptation mechanisms by natural factors and the lack of demand for adaptive reserves due to comfortable living conditions. PC. Anokhin noted that the reserves of adaptive capabilities in the body are always higher than their implementation. From these positions, health should be considered as a dynamic concept, characterized by individual, age and historical aspects. The age aspect is determined by the specific features of biological and social adaptation characteristic of each stage of a person's age development. Each age stage should have its own health criteria specific to this age, its morphological and functional organization and social role. In the historical aspect, the development of production and production relations, culture and religion leads to the fact that the situation itself changes over time, the place of a person and his role in society. In connection with the growth of the quality of life and comfort, to maintain his life, a person uses his functional reserves less and more - the achievements of his mind, which from generation to generation leads to a decrease in the functional reserve, the reserve of adaptation of the individual. PRE-ILLness. DISEASE. The transition from health to illness is not sudden. Between these states, there are a number of transitional stages that do not cause a pronounced decrease in social and labor activity and subjective need for medical care in a person. A modern clinician, as a rule, fixes the disease or its absence. However, Galen already pointed out the existence of three states: health, transitional state and illness. Health is a dynamic process in human life. With a decrease in its quantity, the third level of health develops (the third state, premorbid period or pre-illness) - a state in which the development of a pathological process is possible without changing the strength of the acting factor due to a decrease in adaptation reserves. Predisease is a latent, latent period of a disease or a stage of functional readiness of an organism for the development of a certain disease. “The body is healthy, but not to the limit; the body is not healthy, but no more, ”so Avicenna spoke of this period, that is, it is not yet a disease, but it is no longer health either. In the logical-dialectical consideration, the third state, in fact, contains and sustains the unity of the opposites of health and disease. Signs (indicators) of pre-illness: general malaise, loss of appetite, overeating, heartburn, constipation/diarrhea, belching, nausea, menstrual irregularities, loss of sexual desire, spasms, headaches, discomfort in the heart, muscle convulsions, fainting, excessive sweating, nervous tic, twitching, tearfulness for no apparent reason, back pain, feeling of general weakness, dizziness, anxiety, anxiety, constant feeling of fatigue, insomnia, drowsiness, chronic irritability, etc. During this period of the third state, a person has all the resources to get out of the pre-morbid phase by reviewing his lifestyle. If further, due to human ignorance, the pressure on the normative limits of adaptation continues to increase, then the reserve capabilities of protective systems turn out to be exhausted. When the adaptive reserves of health are depleted, a transition occurs from quantitative accumulations to a qualitative change, which is called a disease. The French physician Rene Lariche wisely remarked: “Illness is a drama in two acts, of which the first is played out in the gloomy silence of tissues, with the lights extinguished. When there is pain or other discomfort, it is almost always the second act.” A disease is a life disturbed in its course by damage to the structure and functions of the body under the influence of external and internal factors; the disease is characterized by a decrease in adaptability to the environment and a restriction of the patient's freedom of life. According to another definition, a disease is the vital activity of an organism, which is expressed in a change in function, as well as in a violation of the structure of organs and tissues, and arising under the influence of irritants of the external and internal environment of the body that are extraordinary for a given organism. If the health and disease of the organisms of the animal world are exclusively biological nature 15 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com human health and disease includes a social aspect in addition to the biological one. The social aspect of human health and illness is manifested in a violation of self-regulation of behavior. A disease is a manifestation process in the form of clinical (pathological) manifestations in the state of the body, which is reflected in the socio-economic status of a person. Thus, getting sick is not only unhealthy, but also economically expensive. “Illness is a life constrained in its freedom” (K. Marx). According to the duration of the course of the disease, they are divided into acute and chronic. The first ones do not last long, while the chronic ones take a longer period of time and drag on for many months, years, decades. All diseases are also divided into infectious (contagious) and non-infectious (non-contagious). FACTORS DETERMINING HEALTH AND ILLNESS There are many reasons for ill-health (the third state) and diseases. A person is constantly and simultaneously affected by three streams of information: sensory, perceived by the senses through the first signal system, verbal (oral or written word), perceived through the second signal system, and structural (components of food and air), coming through the stomach. -intestinal tract and respiratory system. Information can be necessary (useful), indifferent and harmful. The organism, taking into account adaptation, has a certain bandwidth of information perception. The negative effects of an almost complete shutdown (Pavlovskaya Tower of Silence), a sharp deficit (weightlessness) or excessive exposure (death from tickling) of sensory information are known. Between these extremes, there are many everyday and quite strong deviations from the optimal levels of sensory information. In recent decades, the volume of physical activity of people of all ages has sharply decreased. The share of physical labor in production decreased from 90% to 10%. Physical culture and sports 16 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com A small number of people go in for sports, especially regularly and throughout their lives. Noises, vibrations and various types of radiation, previously unknown in strength and variety, hit the sense organs not only at work, but also at home and in places of recreation. At the same time, man has deprived himself of many of the sensations of direct communication with nature. There are a lot of amenities detraining the body. The flow of verbal information has increased many times over, which in itself is not indifferent to the organism. In contrast to the not-so-distant ancestors, food modern man is much less diverse in terms of natural products. The flow of structural information (including chemical pollution of inhaled air) has undergone the greatest changes. As a result of changes in the triune flow of information, characterized by a lack of necessary (useful) information and the impact of harmful information on the body, chronic stress arises, a decrease in the general nonspecific resistance of the body, the development of the so-called third state (an intermediate state between health and disease). Thus, diseases arise as a result of the influence of certain factors of the external or internal environment that exceed the adaptive-compensatory capabilities of the body, and are also transmitted from a sick person, bacillus carrier or sick animal to a healthy one. A few years ago, the World Health Organization attempted to rank all factors in order of their importance to health. As a result, more than 200 factors were identified that have the most significant impact on modern man. Among them are physical, chemical, biological, social, psychological, genetic factors. However, the most important in the development of the most common diseases that are the main cause of death of the population are: physical inactivity (lack of movement), malnutrition (primarily overeating), psycho-emotional stress and bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking, 17 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com drug use and others chemical substances). The unfavorable ecological situation in many countries is also the cause of many modern diseases. If the first three factors depend directly on the person himself, on his worldview, culture and behavior, then the decision environmental issues depends on the joint efforts of many countries. In 1994, the Interdepartmental Commission for the Protection of the Health of the Population of the Security Council of the Russian Federation determined this ratio in relation to our country as follows (in brackets - WHO data): Table 1. Factors affecting health Of course for different groups diseases, this ratio of factors is different. For example, in the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases, the way of life of a person is of exceptional importance. 18 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Table 2. Factors of health conditionality Public health conditionality model (Yu.P. Lisitsin, 1992) - vie). PUBLIC HEALTH Public health is the total health of people living in a given territory or the state as a whole. Public health is a characteristic of one of the most important properties, qualities of society as a social organism; a constituent factor of the gross domestic product (GDP), a function and a derivative of society (Yu.P. Lisitsin, 1992). Public health characterizes the viability of society (D.D. Venediktov, 1981). In international practice, the following are traditionally used to describe public health: 1) a set of demographic indicators: fertility, mortality (general, child, perinatal, infant, age-specific), average life expectancy; 2) morbidity (general, by individual age groups, for infectious, chronic nonspecific diseases, certain types of diseases, morbidity with temporary disability, hospitalization, etc. .); 3) indicator of disability (general, child, age, by cause); 4) level physical development. However, these indicators mainly reflect ill health, and health is characterized by the contrary. When developing the strategy “health for all in the 21st century”, WHO experts chose several other indicators of public health: % of GDP spent on health care; share of GDP per capita; accessibility of primary health care; provision of the population with safe water supply; % of persons immunized against infectious diseases; nutritional status of children, in particular, % of children born with low birth weight (< 2,5 кг); уровень детской смерт- ности и средней продолжительности жизни; уровень грамотно- сти взрослого населения. Поскольку общественное здоровье примыкает к поняти- ям богатство, потенциал общества, Ю.П. Лисицын (1992) пред- лагает использовать «индекс общественного здоровья» – соот- ношение факторов здорового и нездорового образа жизни. Основные показатели общественного здоровья: Показатель рождаемости: Число родившихся живыми за год х 1000; Среднегодовая численность населения Так, например, в Псковской области в 2000 году рождае- мость составила 7,9 на 1000 населения, а смертность – 14,2. Показатель смертности: Число умерших за год х 1000 Среднегодовая численность населения; Общая смертность населения в зрелом возрасте в России в конце ХХ века составляла 1560 на 100 000 (в США – 780). Смерти по причине сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в Рос- сии составляют 54%, от новообразований – 17%, от несчастных случаев – 16%, от болезней органов дыхания – 5%. 20 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
The first lecture of the project Teach good from the course "Information security of the individual in an aggressive mass culture» (14+). It was read out at the Sober meeting in Taganrog in May 2017.
The impact of information on a person
A person in his decisions and actions always proceeds from his worldview. The way he imagines the world, affects his behavior. You think that the world is cruel and the people in it are evil - you will treat others accordingly and receive the same feedback. You think that the world is an exceptionally beautiful and bright place, you will always walk around with a smile on your face until you meet someone who considers the world evil. Therefore, of course, it is necessary to maintain a positive attitude, but assess the situation as objectively as possible, taking into account how positive sides, as well as negative ones. The more objective and holistic your ideas about the world around you are, the more clearly you will imagine the consequences of your actions, and accordingly, you will be able to predict the situation with a greater degree of certainty.
At the same time, we perform many actions in our life not as a result of conscious volitional actions, but, as they say, on the machine. In such cases, we are controlled by our subconscious, which relies on already formed stereotypes and patterns of behavior, and we can say that at these moments we act unconsciously, without thinking, but simply practicing habitual behavioral programs. But before we get to the bottom of where these behavioral programs come from, let's define what it means to "live mindfully."
The word “mindfulness”, which is popular today, is understood by many in different ways and is often vague. We offer this image for this word: “To live consciously means to strive to ensure that all your actions bring you closer to your life goals”
Accordingly, it is possible to say that a person lives consciously only when he has formed for himself a certain ordered list of goals and life guidelines and tries to coordinate all his actions and deeds with these goals so that they bring him closer to the realization of his plan. For example, if one of the goals of a person is to maintain and strengthen his physical and mental health, then he will never use alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. That is, in order to live consciously, you need to answer yourself the question: “Why do you live?”, And then always remember this.
Conscious living begins with the answer to the question “why do I live?” and creating an ordered list of goals you want to achieve. If you do not have goals, then you cannot manage yourself, which means that someone else will manage you.
But back to the worldview, which determines the behavior of each person.
Worldview is a set of interconnected and ordered images that reflect our ideas about the world around us. If the worldview is adequate to reality, that is, the picture formed in our head is similar to the real world, then the person behaves adequately. If there is a kaleidoscope and chaos in the head, then the behavior will be in the style of “seven Fridays in a week”.
Ideas about the world around us are formed under the influence of information that comes to us from the outside. In our head, all information is processed and stored in some way, occupying its niche in the same worldview picture. At the same time, in order to better understand the mechanics of this process, the human psyche can be imagined as an interconnected two-level information system consisting of consciousness and the subconscious, in which the subconscious is an analogue of a powerful computer that operates with huge amounts of various data - visual images, texts, sounds, and so on. . And consciousness has much lower information processing capabilities, and it can simultaneously hold a small number of objects. At the same time, consciousness serves as a kind of analogue of the information input-output interface and the operating system, which, in the course of its activity, relies on the results of information processing by the subconscious.
For example, a person learns to drive a car. To do this, he studies the rules for a long time. traffic, masters driving - first with an instructor, then on his own, focuses on how to properly shift gears, turn, and so on, but at some point the whole process ceases to require any serious volitional efforts and largely switches to automatic mode . That is, in order to learn how to drive a car, you need to download a certain amount of information related to this process into your subconscious and gain practical skills.
Similarly, a person learns everything in this world - he perceives a large amount of information, after which he uses it in practice. But the trick is that not all the information that we “download” into ourselves is reliable or useful. And many, in addition, are in the false belief that there is so-called "entertainment content", which should not be evaluated at all in terms of its usefulness or harmfulness, since its influence supposedly comes down only to giving positive emotions or helping to take a break from everyday affairs. . Like it or not, let's figure it out further, and now we will answer the question of what external factors most influence a person's worldview, or what information channels fill him inner world and thereby teach him new behaviors and skills?
The main external factors affecting the worldview of a person:
- Parents/family
- School/Institute/Professional area
- Friends/social circle
- Media environment (media, TV, Internet…)
- Other (place of residence, lifestyle, etc.)
Each of these factors plays a huge role in a person's life, but we will focus on the one, the importance of which is increasing every year and, apparently, in the 21st century - the century of information technology - will gradually come to the fore. We are talking about the modern media environment, which is also called "media space". Its main components.
The main components of the modern media space:
- A television
- Cinema
- Music industry
- Computer games
- Advertising sphere
- Other (radio, glossy magazines…)
- Internet (combines all of the above)
All of these information flows affect the lives of each of us. Even if you completely protect yourself from televisions, computers and radio, their influence will still reach you through friends, acquaintances, work colleagues. Therefore, we must learn to interact with the surrounding media environment, understanding what impact - good or bad - it has on us, and what technologies are used. To this end, we will analyze popular media content, starting with the most significant item - "Television".
Television as the main manipulator of public opinion
In the presented video, an experiment with a Bobo doll and young children is given as an example of the influence of television, but one must understand that the TV affects adult viewers as well.
Psychologist Solomon Asch experiment
In 1951, the American psychologist Solomon Asch conducted a series of simple but very revealing experiments. He seated groups of 8 people in the audience and showed them 2 pictures. One line was drawn on one picture. In the second picture, three lines were drawn, differing in length. It was necessary to say which of these three lines coincides in length with the one shown on the sample. They differed markedly.
The focus was next. In each group of 8 people, only one was actually examined. The remaining 7 were decoys. The subject was told that the purpose of the experiment was to test visual perception. Although, in fact, conformity was studied, that is, the tendency of a person to agree with the opinion of the majority.
The real subject always answered last in line. That is, he had previously seen and heard the answers of the other seven participants. There were 18 attempts in total. And in the first two attempts, decoy ducks gave correct answers. The subject could thus make sure that his eyes did not fail him, and feel good.
But in subsequent attempts, decoy ducks deliberately gave wrong answers in chorus, claiming that two obviously different lines coincide in length. The subject heard 7 such identical answers, which unanimously contradicted what his own eyes see, and then it was the turn of his own answer.
What did the results of the experiment show?
The results of the experiment showed that 37% of the subjects gave the same answer as the group! The experiment showed that a huge part of people are ready not even to believe their own eyes, just to agree with the opinion of the majority. And television in the perception of the audience most often just presents its position as the opinion of the majority, or as an expert opinion, thereby motivating the audience not to think about many issues on their own, but simply to accept the broadcast point of view.
Now let's watch a few more videos that reveal the goals that popular Russian television shows work to achieve. The videos were made in different time and different people, so they noticeably differ in video and sound quality, but at the same time they are still united by a single analytical approach.
Unstructured management
As you probably noticed, the term “propaganda” is constantly used in all the videos. What does it actually mean, and is it appropriate to use it?
In fact, the materials of the Teach Good project always talk about unstructured management, but this is done in an accessible and understandable language for a wide audience, for which well-known vocabulary is used, and in particular the term "propaganda", which implies management social processes by disseminating specific information. But let's first understand how the management process can proceed.
Management can be structural, that is, it's like in the army - when there is a boss and a subordinate, and one gives orders and manages the other. The army or any other system with a similar hierarchy - this is the structure along the lines of which flow information processes and the tasks assigned from above are solved.
But it is also possible to manage unstructured - by creating such an information environment around the object that will stimulate it to act in the way the customer needs. The simplest example is advertising. She does not directly tell anyone “go and buy such and such a thing”, she acts differently: she creates an attractive image for the product and tries to form a new need in the viewer, the answer to which will be the purchase. There is no order and structure, but a person goes and buys the goods imposed on him.
But after all, it is possible to advertise or promote in society in an unstructured way not only objects, but also behavior patterns, ideas, outlooks on life, life guidelines, values. So, the purposeful and systematic promotion of some ideas in an unstructured way - this, in the terminology familiar to a wide audience, is “propaganda”, which is carried out by all means without exception. mass media, although many journalists do not even realize this. Therefore, in order to be well versed in propaganda issues, it is desirable to know the basic provisions of management theory and understand how the processes of unstructured management proceed in society. At the end of the course, we will recommend you a list of books that are useful to read.
You should also try to move on to using the correct terminology. In particular, the media are inherently means of formation and management public consciousness , and when appropriate, it is better to call them that.
"Doesn't affect me"
Many will say: “Well, what are you, I watched the issue!, Laughed at their obscene jokes, but after that I didn’t go to the tavern and didn’t cheat on my wife. It turns out that your unstructured management or propaganda against me does not work?
Firstly, the fact that you did not immediately go to take on a bottle does not mean that the TV show did not affect you in any way. For example, after watching, a person at least becomes more tolerant of vice, because the natural feeling of indignation and disgust is gradually replaced by humor and the positive emotions associated with it. In addition, information poisoning occurs gradually and imperceptibly. The same ad must be shown to a person many times before they finally make a decision. Likewise, the effect of television in imposing behavior patterns may not manifest itself immediately and with its own specifics, inherent in an individual, because television always works with a mass audience. He is not interested in you personally, he is interested in the impact on society as a whole.
With the help of critical thinking, you can block the identified destructive programs that are trying to impose on you, and protect yourself from frankly degrading content. But in order for your critical perception filters to be constantly active, you need to remember very well that no information passes without a trace and always somehow affects a person. The next time you hear from TV channel employees that their main task is to entertain viewers, then be sure that these people are simply hiding their destructive goals under the guise of entertainment.
It must be remembered forever that no information passes without a trace and always somehow affects a person.
Information = food
To better understand this, the process of watching a movie, series, broadcast or any other media product can be compared to the process of eating food. No one doubts that food is one of the main factors affecting human health. This influence does not appear immediately - you won’t die from one hamburger and you won’t even notice a harmful effect, but it’s worth introducing fast food into your regular diet, as diseases will not keep you waiting.
An absolutely similar principle of influence is in the case of information that a person consumes. If food affects physical health, then information directly affects his mental and spiritual state.
All products of the Russian TV channel TNT, and many other entertainment TV channels, are poisoned food, these are the same hamburgers that destroy you spiritually, gradually turning you into subhumans, and in the case of young people and children, initially blocking them from becoming full-fledged people. The abundance of vulgarity, perversion, flat humor, cynicism and stupidity are analogues of flavor enhancers that are used in Food Industry. It seems to the society that it is only being entertained, while in fact it is being programmed. Let's watch another video on this topic.
In the same way that television promotes alcohol, other harmful behaviors are promoted in the same way.
Distorted stereotypes of behavior formed by modern television:
- Being vulgar, cheeky, ready for a life of show is the norm.
- Selfish, “major” way of life is the norm.
- Mercantile and obsession with money is the norm.
- The image of a stupid / "fatal", accessible woman is the norm.
- The image of a reveler striving for a fickle relationship is the norm.
- Propaganda of vulgarity, shamelessness, perversions is the norm.
- Promotion of alcohol and tobacco is the norm.
It would seem that since the TV is so bad - refuse to watch it, that's all the "information security of the individual" for you. But not everything is so simple. After all, television poison itself is very attractive. A kind of free cheese in a mousetrap. And other areas of modern mass culture for the most part do not bring anything good.
Therefore, the point is not to remove the TV box from home and start consuming similar content from the Internet, but, firstly, to learn to distinguish good from bad, and for this you need to know about the impact of information on a person and be able to identify real the goals that such media content works to achieve, and secondly, you need to want to remove the bad.
It's like giving up alcohol and tobacco - it seems to be nothing complicated, just stopped buying them and poisoning yourself with poisons, no one forces you, but, as practice shows, this "want" is not at all easy. The problem is that in the head there are already a large number of models of perception and behavior programs formed since childhood through the same TV, and their revision requires time and work on oneself. It is necessary to gradually review and re-evaluate many information blocks that seem so familiar to you that you perceive them as something close and dear, but at the same time you have never really thought about their influence on your life.
So that you don’t want to waste your time on all harmful media content, clear your worldview of information garbage and move on to conscious life, we will strive, analyzing in detail in other lectures what modern popular TV shows, films, cartoons, musical groups and much more teach.
There are many causes of ill-health (of the third state) and diseases. Three streams of information constantly and simultaneously act on a person: sensory, perceived by the senses through the first signal system, verbal (oral or written word), perceived through the second signal system, and structural (components of food and air), coming through the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. Information can be necessary, indifferent and harmful. The organism, taking into account adaptation, has a certain bandwidth of information perception.
In recent decades, the volume of physical activity of people of all ages has sharply decreased. The share of physical labor in production decreased from 90% to 10%. A small part of people go in for physical culture and sports, especially regularly and throughout their lives. Noises, vibrations and various types of radiation, previously unknown in strength and variety, hit the sense organs not only at work, but also at home and in places of recreation. At the same time, man has deprived himself of many of the sensations of direct communication with nature. There are a lot of amenities that detrain the body. The flow of verbal information has increased many times over, which in itself is not indifferent to the body. In contrast to the not-so-distant ancestors, the food of modern man is much less diverse in terms of the set of natural products. The flow of structural information (including the chemical contamination of inhaled air) has undergone the greatest change. As a result of changes in the triune flow of information, characterized by a deficit of necessary (useful) information and the impact on the body of harmful information, chronic stress arises, a decrease in the general nonspecific resistance of the body, the development of the so-called third state (an intermediate state between health and illness).
Thus, diseases arise as a result of the impact of certain factors of the external or internal environment that exceed the adaptive-compensatory capabilities of the body, and are also transmitted from a sick person, a bacillus carrier, or a sick animal to a healthy one.
A few years ago, the World Health Organization attempted to rank all factors in order of their importance to health. As a result, it was allocated over 200 factors which have the most significant impact on modern man. Among them are physical, chemical, biological, social, psychological, genetic factors. However highest value in the development of the most common diseases that are the main cause of death of the population are: physical inactivity (lack of movement), malnutrition (primarily overeating), psycho-emotional stress and bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking, drug use and other chemicals). The unfavorable ecological situation in many countries is also the cause of many modern diseases. If the first three factors depend directly on the person himself, on his worldview, culture and behavior, then the solution of environmental problems depends on the joint efforts of many countries.
In 1994, the Interdepartmental Commission for the Protection of Public Health of the Security Council of the Russian Federation determined this ratio in relation to our country as follows (Table 1).
Table 1
Factors affecting health(in parentheses - WHO data)
| Sphere of influence of factors | Health Promoting Factors | Factors that impair health |
| Genetic - 15-20% (20%) | Healthy inheritance. Absence of morphological and functional prerequisites for the onset of the disease | Hereditary diseases and disorders. Hereditary predisposition to diseases. |
| Environmental condition - 20-25% (20%) | Good living and working conditions, favorable climatic and natural conditions, environmentally friendly habitat | Harmful living and working conditions, unfavorable climatic conditions, violation of the ecological situation |
| Medical support - 10-15% (8%) | Medical screening, a high level of preventive measures, timely and comprehensive medical care | Lack of constant medical control over the dynamics of health, low level primary prevention poor quality medical service |
| Conditions and lifestyle - 50-55% (52%) | Rational organization of life: sedentary lifestyle, adequate motor activity | Lack of a rational mode of life, migration processes, hypo- or hyperdynamia |
Of course, for different groups of diseases, this ratio of factors is different (Table 2). For example, in the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases, the lifestyle of a person is of exceptional importance.
table 2
Health Conditioning Factors(Yu.P. Lisitsyn, 1992)
Currently, there is a distinction between the health of the population (public health) and the health of the individual (individual health).
public health
Public health is the total health of people living in a given territory or the state as a whole. Public health is a characteristic of one of the most important properties, qualities of society as a social organism; a constituent factor of the gross domestic product (GDP), a function and a derivative of society (Yu.P. Lisitsin, 1992). Public health characterizes the viability of society.
In international practice, the description of public health is traditionally used:
1) a set of demographic indicators: fertility, mortality (total, child, perinatal, infant, age-specific), average life expectancy;
2) morbidity rates (general, by individual age groups, for infectious, chronic non-specific diseases, certain types of diseases, morbidity with temporary disability, etc.);
3) indicators of disability (general, child, age-specific, by cause);
4) the level of physical development.
However, these indicators mainly reflect ill health, and health is characterized by the opposite. WHO experts, when developing the “health for all in the 21st century” strategy, chose several other indicators of public health:
- % of GDP spent on healthcare;
Availability of primary health care;
Provision of the population with safe water supply;
- % of persons immunized against infectious diseases;
Nutritional status of children, in particular, % of children born with low birth weight (< 2,5 кг);
Child mortality rate and average life expectancy;
Adult literacy rate;
Share of GDP per capita.
Since public health is adjacent to the concepts of wealth, the potential of society Yu.P. Lisitsyn (1992) suggests using "public health index" - the ratio of healthy and unhealthy lifestyle factors.
Key indicators of public health:
1. Fertility rate=
= Number of live births per year x 1,000
The birth rate in Russia is 7-9 per 1000 population, and the death rate is 14.2.
2. Mortality rate=
= Number of deaths per year x 100,000
Average annual population
Mortality rates from all causes among men (per 100,000 population): in Russia - 1640, in the USA - 1089, in Canada 983, in Japan - 809.
All-cause mortality rates among women (per 100,000 population): in Russia - 870, in the USA - 642, in Canada - 567, in Japan - 471.
Deaths due to cardiovascular diseases in Russia account for 54%, from neoplasms - 17%, from accidents - 16%, from respiratory diseases - 5%.
3. Rate of natural increase =
= Absolute natural increase x 1.000
Average annual population
or the difference between birth and death rates.
One of the most important indicators of the health of the population is the level of infant mortality. In 1997 in Russia it reached 19.86 per 1000 newborns (in the USA - 8.4, in Japan - 5.3).
4. Infant mortality rate =
= The number of children who died in the 1st month per year x 1.000.
5. Perinatal mortality rate=
= (Number of stillbirths + number of children who died in the 1st week per year) x 1,000
Number of children born alive and dead in the reporting year
In the structure of causes of death, accidents, poisonings, and injuries are in 1st place (46.7% among children aged 1 to 4 years, 76% among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years).
6. Child mortality rate=
= The number of children who died in the 1st year for the year x 1.000
Number of children born alive in the reporting year
The infant mortality rate in Russia is 17.8, in the USA - 9, in Canada - 7, in Japan - 4.
7. Incidence rate=
= Number of newly diagnosed patients per year x 1,000 =
Average annual population
8. Soreness index =
= Number of patients with this disease registered per year x 1,000
Average annual population
Average life expectancy indicator calculated according to specially compiled tables based on mortality data by age group. The resulting value "expresses the average number of years that a person from the studied population and who is at the age of 'x' years can live under given conditions of mortality." The most commonly used value is the average life expectancy of a newborn, or a person at the age of 0 years.
For thousands of years, the average human life expectancy has fluctuated within narrow limits from 18 to 30 years. By the beginning of the 17th century, as a result of gradual but steady improvement living conditions The average life expectancy in a number of European countries began to exceed the 30-year level. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, large scientific achievements in biology and medicine, the rise of general culture and public health, large-scale sanitary and hygienic measures in industrialized European countries contributed to a significant reduction in the mortality of children, as well as the population of middle and older age groups.
After the Second World War, these changes also occurred in developing countries. At present, the average life expectancy in Great Britain and the USA reaches 76 years, in France - 77 years, in Canada - 78 years, in Japan - 80 years. Until 1970, the Soviet Union was characterized by the highest growth in the average life expectancy of newborns. However, by the end of the 20th century, the average life expectancy of men in the Russian Federation again decreased to 58 years. At present, the difference between the average life expectancy of men and women in Russia reaches 10 years or more. The reasons for this difference lie primarily in social factors: the nature of work (more responsible, intensive and difficult for men), the greater prevalence of alcoholism, smoking and injuries among men. There are also exclusively biological factors that are no less important for explaining this phenomenon. It is well known that more boys are born in the population than girls. But boys die most often in childhood, and later the number of men becomes smaller in all age categories. In extreme old age, centenarians have a ratio between the number of men and women is 1:3.
Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that men have a higher incidence than women. Men die from myocardial infarction 7.5 times more often between the ages of 40 and 49; 5.5 times - at the age of 50 to 55 years and 2.5 times - at the age of over 60 years. The unequal life expectancy of men and women is also explained by genetic differences in the chromosomal apparatus of the cell nucleus, the presence of a double set of X chromosomes in women, which determines the higher reliability of important mechanisms of biological regulation of the cell. It should be noted that the biological potential of human health implies a life expectancy that is much longer than it currently has.
The public health of the Russian population at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century is in a state of crisis. The main manifestation of the health crisis in Russia is a decrease in life expectancy, depopulation due to a drop in the birth rate and an increase in mortality. The essence of depopulation is an increase in the number of deaths among people aged 30-50 due to injuries and poisoning. Infant mortality, childbirth difficulties, rejection of a second child and the consequences of abortions, especially before the birth of the first child, are of great importance.
Over the past decades, in connection with the rapid computerization of all spheres of industrial and spiritual and cultural activity, interest in the nature and essence of information has sharply increased.
Before a man turned out to be a potent remedy for which there are no limits. Information carries both creative and destructive power, but to a much greater extent than it was before. Time has changed not so much the essence of information as the intensity of the impact, the contexts of its application have changed.
Mass media is a powerful force of influence on people's minds, a means of quickly delivering information to different parts of the world, the most effective means of influencing a person's emotions, capable of convincing the recipient in the best possible way. This is especially clear in relation to the electronic media. With the expansion of technical capabilities, their role increases. And in terms of emotional impact on the feelings and consciousness of people, they remain unsurpassed so far and collect the largest audience.
Suggestion and submission occurs not through reason, but through feelings. Suggestion is directly associated with the manipulation of consciousness, since it is an intrusion into the consciousness of an extraneous idea without direct and direct participation in this act of the "I" of the subject. The main components of the phenomenon of manipulation are the purposeful transformation of information in communication, the concealment of mental influence, the use of numerous means of pressure, the choice of targets for influence and the use of automatic patterns of human behavior. It is quite obvious that the transfer of information in the process of communication is undoubtedly one of the most important components of interaction. Nowadays, manipulators have learned to transform transmitted information beyond recognition, in other cases it is not possible to determine its accuracy at all.
Acting through the media, manipulators main bet make for involuntary memorization. Therefore, it is much more important for them to create a stream of chaotic messages than to state one coherent idea that a person will think about and deliberately remember.
The existence of positive and negative information, which, one way or another, a person encounters all his life, affects the mental state of each individual in different ways. And due to the fact that society has not yet learned how to filter the negative elements of what is perceived, ailments, physical fatigue, depression and stress arise. This is one of the main causes of information diseases. These diseases envelop the brain and have a destructive effect on the subconscious and the human psyche. Therefore, the word carries not only an important meaning, but also a huge responsibility for building a healthy nation. But every person has his own cultural and educational level, with the help of which he chooses and thereby filters the information product. American psychotherapists found out in the course of research that information virus penetrates into the human DNA, where it changes the hereditary program, which is why it is so dangerous.
The lifestyle and thinking of a modern person are formed against the backdrop of a dynamically developing process of technologization of politics, economics, and production. Rapid obsolescence professional knowledge makes the process of education of a specialist of the third millennium constant and continuous. It is at this stage of the formation of the intellectual, moral, social experience of the individual that there is a real opportunity to master the basics of working with information - information culture.
More often modern people call the TV "zomboyaschik". Other media also have their unflattering names. And for good reason, because the media today is a means for shaping the worldview of the masses.
outlook helps determine the kinds of paths a person will walk in the world. The formed worldview determines not only how a person will perceive the reality around him, but also the direction of his activity. In order to form a worldview, three conditions are necessary, namely:
- information,
- metaphor,
- personal experience.
In other words, a person needs to be given the necessary information in the simplest way for him, followed by arousal in a person of desire, based on the information received, to achieve practical knowledge, that is, to gain a certain personal experience. It is the human experience personal experience (or internal experience) is the consolidation of the information received. This is an adequate sensory state based on the received information presented with the help of certain metaphors. Personal experience is a kind of connecting material between two quantities: "true" and "False". And here it is not important to correlate the concept of “truth” with the concept of morality “good”, and the concept of “falsehood” with the concept of morality “bad”. Everything is relative here. "Truth" and "falsehood" exist in the concrete world of one person. They form the future concepts of “good” and “bad”, and it can be said with confidence that morality and the concepts of “truth” and “falsehood” will differ from each other for each person.
In order for information to penetrate deeper into a person, it is necessary repetition of a feeling state, that is, the repetition of personal or internal experience. So, on the basis of biochemical processes occurring in the body when experiencing certain feelings and emotions, the process of development of the vector of a person’s worldview takes place, that is, the process of directing the path of human development in the outside world.
The matter remains small: give the right information with the help of veiled metaphors and allow the person to experience positive personal experiences in order for the person to find "true" happiness. So you can easily and imperceptibly write the desired life path for almost every single person.
Mass media
Keyword in the media - information. First necessary condition to form the right mindset. The media have three of the most important means of delivering information to the end user:
- written word (newspapers, magazines, etc.),
- spoken word - sound (radio),
- reproduced word (television).
That is, there is also a second condition for the formation of a person's "necessary" ideas and principles for him - a metaphor. Internet sources of information make these tools even more accessible and widespread. The third condition, as we found out, is personal experience. And here it seems that a person is left alone with himself, because no one except him can experience this inner experience for him.
However, it must be remembered that the media is "fourth" power. What is this power? It lies in the ability to control the very actions of a person - actions that ultimately should lead to this person experiencing the necessary inner experience. And there is no need to apply any zombie techniques, it is enough to competently, methodically and gradually form the worldview of each person.
For example, the Western way of life says that a person must be successful, that he must be individual, that he must strive for heights. The media are beginning to present this stereotype to us in various metaphors. We are told that first we need to get a good education, then work and gain experience, and then get a job in a good company, where you need to take a certain place, and only having achieved this you can think about a family. And almost any Western publication will answer your question about the early family, as about the death of your entire future. Youth is an opportunity career development, free relationships, many new experiences. This is how youth is presented in the West. Thus, a person receives the information that while he is young, he must distribute his life between two "truths": work (career) and leisure (entertainment).
A person receives this information constantly through magazines, newspapers, websites, books, movies, shows, and so on. All this leads to the fact that he begins to perform certain actions, namely: he goes to study at a good educational institution, then he strives to get a job in a good company, for which he can work 20 hours a day! But a person receives the necessary personal experience that corresponds to the expectation that he has formed from the information received, and he passes this experience from generation to generation. This is how the worldview of entire nations is formed. And so people (and not one specific person) perform a series of specific actions described above to obtain the described personal experience. Generation after generation.
What if you look deeper? The loneliness of people is 
The above example showed us how the media can create the right worldview for a large number of people. But the media can not only form a stable worldview for several generations of people, but also encourage people to take immediate actions that the customer needs.
Control feelings!
Man has feelings, emotions and desires. And until he can control them, does not put his mind over them, another person or people can imperceptibly invest everything they need. And the media will become an instrument between them.
The author did not aim to condemn Western values. Any price 
nnosti - result free choice, and millions of people invest in them.
This article only says that you need to be able to choose your own path of development, to form your own worldview, relying on the natural instinct of "truth" and "falsehood", which generates only a clear conscience. After all, instinctively Small child will always correctly distribute the concepts of "good" and "evil", since his consciousness has not yet been properly processed. It is very difficult to find the correct “truth” and expose the “lie”, because even in ancient times, when people used only spoken word it was already difficult to distinguish “truth” from “falsehood”, but “everyone has his own truth”, and “truth is always the same”. Think, analyze, look through the lines, always checking what you are told complete strangers to you.
Anton Tensin