Model of planet earth without water. Oceans of the world: map, names, description, area, depth, plants and animals. What's wrong with space debris?
We bring to your attention a selection of strange and unusual geographical maps which surprised us.
1. Map where land and ocean have swapped places
If you imagine what the Earth would look like if there were oceans in place of continents, and land in place of oceans, it would look something like this: large lakes and seas on the continents familiar to us would become islands, and ocean ridges would become the highest mountain ranges on the planet .
As you can see on the map, there would be much more land, but at the South Pole there would be perhaps the largest ocean on Earth - the Antarctic. It is difficult to imagine exactly what territory modern peoples would occupy, but the map is made professionally and beautifully.
2. Map showing the population density of the Earth
There are anamorphose maps - they are made with special distortions designed to demonstrate what territory a particular country should occupy by the number, for example, of books published in this country or in proportion to any other indicator. At the same time, the classical outlines of the continents and oceans should remain unchanged: only the area of the countries changes.
Here you see a map that shows what territory countries should occupy by population: India and China got the most land, and Russia on this map looks like a narrow light green stripe in the very north of Eurasia. The data for the map was taken from the 2011 census.
3. Map of Marina 1539
The Marina Map, of course, does not meet modern standards, but it can rightfully be considered a work of art. The outlines of the mainland and islands here are slightly distorted for obvious reasons, and the sea, according to the artist’s plan, is inhabited by incredible sea monsters.
But here's what's surprising: modern satellite observations have shown that the monsters depicted in some parts of the ocean correspond to currents, storm fronts, dangerous underwater rocks and shoals. Perhaps the map was actually used by sailors as a warning about the danger that could await them in these places.
4. Antarctica without ice
Given global warming, this may well become a reality. It is possible that relatively soon - say, in 400 years - on a covered eternal ice Majestic forests will grow on the mainland, and subglacial lakes with fresh water will open up.
Some artists are already starting to imagine what green Antarctica will look like.
5. Language map of Europe
Europe is a multinational territory: in a relatively small area there are many countries with their own cultural characteristics, traditions, and, of course, a unique language. Surprisingly, in Spain, for example, the languages of the inhabitants of the provinces of Andalusia and La Coruña are not very similar: each place has its own slang. Of course, the Spaniards understand each other perfectly, but the fact remains: they speak different dialects. Or, for example, on this map you can see regions of Russia, where, along with national language- Russian - other languages predominate. The map demonstrates that in the territory of a particular country, not all local residents necessarily speak it.
6. World map of underground water sources
It is known that fresh water is a limited resource. However, in addition to rivers, glaciers and freshwater lakes located on the surface of the Earth and therefore open and explored, our planet also has “secret” reserves. Do you think there is no water at all in the Sahara Desert? Look at the map. There is a whole sea hidden under the desert.
7. Physical map of the night Earth
The map was compiled by National Geographic using satellite imagery and photographs of the Earth from space at night. It not only demonstrates the population density in various areas of our planet, but also illustrates what an amazing place our home has become.
The bright lights of cities at night immediately catch the eye, which is worth at least a huge bright spot on the site of Moscow. You can also see the largest deposits on the map natural gas or outbreaks of natural fire. And also visible are the centers of night industrial fishing off the coast of Argentina and Japan, highlighted in bright blue.
8. Physical map of the Arctic relief
Few people have thought about what the Arctic actually looks like and exactly what areas belong to it. On physical map This is clearly reflected in the Arctic relief: it almost entirely includes the northern coasts of Russia and Canada, Greenland, Iceland and, of course, the Arctic Ocean.
9. Map of where the most populous countries occupy the largest territory
The difference between this map and map number three on our list is that here the outlines of the countries have not been changed. The territory of Russia we are familiar with remains the same as it is now, only it belongs to China. The second largest population in India went, of course, to Canada, and Russia “moved” to replace Kazakhstan.
The USA was the luckiest: the country remained in the same place, since it ranks fourth in the world both in terms of area and population.
There is one more country on the map that remains in its rightful place. You can try to find it.
10. The Earth Stopped Rotating
If the Earth did not rotate, the outlines of the continents and oceans would be completely different. Centrifugal forces directed from the poles to the equator would cease to act, and ocean water would shift towards the poles, because gravity is greater there. The continents would move to the equator, and what’s more, the land area on the planet would also increase, in particular, there would be no seas left at the equator. This map is not just an artist's imagination, but the result research work groups of scientists.
The liquid state of water is maintained on Earth due to a combination of many factors: the size of the planet, which gives rise to required strength attraction that holds the atmosphere; the distance to the Sun, which is why the planet maintains the required temperature; the amount of atmosphere held by gravity and creating the required pressure at the surface; the rotation of the Earth around its axis, due to which the circulation of atmospheric flows occurs. Without them, there would be no water on earth. Based on these factors, the rest follow, which contribute to the maintenance of life.The main use of water by living organisms is only one thing - to maintain the functioning of living cells that make up the tissues that make up these organisms, including humans. Animals and humans also use water for other needs. Maintaining cleanliness, cooling the body from elevated ambient temperatures, for digestion of food, and as a universal diluent.
Life without water
The existence of a world without water on earth is more or less exemplified by life in deserts. The scorching sun and dry air force all living things to take refuge somewhere by any means. Reptiles burrow under the surface of the earth, look for all sorts of shady places, and change their appearance, helping them retain moisture. Plants lengthen their roots, going deep into the cooler bottom, towards the water, the leaves are replaced with thorns for less moisture consumption.People living in desert conditions are also protected from excess water consumption. They know the sources and the distances between them in order to calculate the water consumption when moving and then replenish it in time. Bedouins, who completely wrap their bodies in black cloth, thus maintain the right amount of body moisture, which ensures the right temperature. Their measured, unhurried movements do not cause unnecessary waste of energy, which also requires water to restore.
And if we talk about human use of water in industry, then it is obvious that without it no development of civilization would have occurred. And in the future, if for some reason there is less water on earth (not to mention it), the difficulties of mankind will be inevitable.
In the distant future, the Earth will find itself without the conditions that support the existence of water. And then the planet will turn into a non-living, cold stone world, monotonously flying into the eternal distances of space.
IN Lately An increasing number of people believe that planet Earth without water looks like this:
and this form is called GEOID. This information spread online like a virus and many people believed it. This is what made me study this information more carefully.
For reference:
Geoid(from ancient Greek γῆ - Earth and ancient Greek εἶδος - view) - the equipotential surface of the earth's gravity field (level surface), approximately coinciding with the average water level of the World Ocean in an undisturbed state and conditionally extended under the continents. The term "geoid" was coined in 1873 by the German mathematician Johann Benedict Listing to refer to geometric figure, more accurately than an ellipsoid of revolution, reflecting the unique shape of planet Earth. The geoid is the surface relative to which heights above sea level are measured. Accurate knowledge of the geoid is necessary, in particular, in navigation - to determine altitude above sea level based on geodetic (ellipsoidal) height directly measured by GPS receivers, as well as in physical oceanology - to determine sea surface heights. Some authors designate the above-described concept not by the term “geoid”, but by the term “main level surface,” while the geoid itself is defined as a 3-dimensional body limited by this surface.
Deviations of the geoid (EGM96) from the idealized figure of the Earth (WGS 84 ellipsoid).
It can be seen that the ocean surface diverges from the ellipsoid: for example, in the north of the Indian Ocean it is lowered by ~100 meters, and in the west of the Pacific it is raised by ~80 meters. This is exactly what the digital-color scale shows, located to the right of the figure presented at the beginning of the article.
But what does our planet look like if the water is removed from it? What does it look like figure of the earth? Earth figure- term for shape earth's surface. Depending on the definition of the figure of the Earth, various systems coordinates This representation of our planet is well suited for problems in which the accuracy of calculations does not exceed 0.5%. In reality, the Earth is not a perfect sphere. Due to the daily rotation, it is flattened at the poles; the heights of the continents are different; The shape of the surface is also distorted by tidal deformations. In geodesy and astronautics, an ellipsoid of revolution or a geoid is usually chosen to describe the figure of the Earth.
To a rough approximation, we can assume that planet Earth has the shape of a ball with an average diameter of 12,742.6 km or 12,742,600 meters. Considering that the tallest mountain on the planet, Everest, has a "height" 8.848 meters above "sea level", and the "deepest" Mariana Trench has "depth" 10.994 ± 40 meters below “sea level”, then it can be argued that the total deviation from “sea level” is 19.842 ± 40 meters or approximately 0,16%
This is why planet Earth without water looks something like this:
The picture above shows two drops:
- The big drop is the volume of all the oceans of planet Earth (together with atmospheric steam, lakes, polar caps, and so on).
- A small drop is fresh water on the ground, in lakes and rivers.
I understand that it is advisable to check all the facts. However, I myself cited here a lot of data that I trusted at the time of writing this article more than I didn’t trust them (data from wikipedia.org, photographs from different sources...) and I have no desire to check them (size of drops in the picture).
And to believe what I wrote or not is the prerogative of my reader.
The ocean is the largest object and is part of the ocean that covers about 71% of the surface of our planet. Oceans wash the shores of continents, have a water circulation system and have other specific features. The oceans of the world are in constant interaction with everyone.
Map of the oceans and continents of the world
Some sources indicate that the World Ocean is divided into 4 oceans, but in 2000 the International Hydrographic Organization identified a fifth one - the Southern Ocean. This article provides a list of all 5 oceans of planet Earth in order - from largest in area to smallest, with name, location on the map and main characteristics.
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean on the Earth map/Wikipedia
Due to its large size, the Pacific Ocean has a unique and varied topography. It also plays an important role in shaping global weather patterns and modern economies.
The ocean floor is constantly changing through the process of movement and subduction tectonic plates. Currently, the oldest known area of the Pacific Ocean is approximately 180 million years old.
In geological terms, the area surrounding the Pacific Ocean is sometimes called. The region has this name because it is the world's largest area of volcanism and earthquakes. The Pacific region is subject to intense geological activity because much of its floor lies in subduction zones, where the boundaries of some tectonic plates are pushed under others after collision. There are also some hotspot areas where magma from the Earth's mantle is forced through earth's crust, creating undersea volcanoes that can eventually form islands and seamounts.
The Pacific Ocean has varied terrain bottom, consisting of oceanic ridges and ridges that formed in hot spots below the surface. The ocean's topography differs significantly from large continents and islands. The deepest point of the Pacific Ocean is called the Challenger Deep; it is located in the Mariana Trench, at a depth of almost 11 thousand km. The largest is New Guinea.
The climate of the ocean varies greatly depending on latitude, the presence of land and the types of air masses moving over its waters. Ocean surface temperature also plays a role in climate because it affects the availability of moisture in different regions. The surrounding climate is humid and warm during most of the year. The far northern part of the Pacific Ocean and the far southern part are more temperate and have large seasonal differences in weather conditions. In addition, in some regions seasonal trade winds prevail, which influence the climate. Tropical cyclones and typhoons also form in the Pacific Ocean.
The Pacific Ocean is almost the same as the other oceans of the Earth, with the exception of local temperatures and salinity of the water. The pelagic zone of the ocean is home to marine animals such as fish, marine and. Organisms and scavengers live at the bottom. Habitats can be found in sunny, shallow ocean areas near the shore. The Pacific Ocean is the environment that supports the greatest diversity of living organisms on the planet.
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean on the Earth map/Wikipedia
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean on Earth with a total area (including adjacent seas) of 106.46 million km². It occupies about 22% of the planet's surface area. The ocean has an elongated S-shape and extends between North and South America in the west, and also, and - in the east. It connects to the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Southern Ocean to the south. Average depth Atlantic Ocean is 3,926 m, and the deepest point is located in the ocean trench of Puerto Rico, at a depth of 8,605 m. The Atlantic Ocean has the highest salinity of all the oceans in the world.
Its climate is characterized by warm or cool water that circulates in different currents. Water depth and winds also have a significant impact on weather conditions at the surface of the ocean. Severe Atlantic hurricanes are known to develop off the coast of Cape Verde in Africa, heading towards the Caribbean Sea from August to November.
The time when the supercontinent Pangea broke up, about 130 million years ago, marked the beginning of the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. Geologists have determined that it is the second youngest of the world's five oceans. This ocean played a very important role in connecting the Old World with the newly explored Americas from the late 15th century.
A major feature of the Atlantic Ocean floor is an underwater mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which extends from Iceland in the north to approximately 58°S. w. and has a maximum width of about 1600 km. The water depth above the range is less than 2,700 meters in most places, and several mountain peaks in the range rise above the water to form islands.
The Atlantic Ocean flows into the Pacific Ocean, however they are not always the same due to the temperature of the water, ocean currents, sunlight, nutrients, salinity, etc. The Atlantic Ocean has coastal and open ocean habitats. Its coastal ones are located along coastlines and extend to the continental shelves. Marine flora is usually concentrated in upper layers ocean waters, and closer to the shores there are coral reefs, kelp forests and sea grasses.
The Atlantic Ocean is important modern meaning. The construction of the Panama Canal, located in Central America, allowed large ships to pass through waterways from Asia through the Pacific Ocean to the east coast of North and South America through the Atlantic Ocean. This led to increased trade between Europe, Asia, South America and North America. In addition, at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean there are deposits of gas, oil and precious stones.
Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean on the Earth map/Wikipedia
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean on the planet and has an area of 70.56 million km². It is located between Africa, Asia, Australia and the Southern Ocean. The Indian Ocean has an average depth of 3,963 m, and the Sunda Trench is the deepest trench, with a maximum depth of 7,258 m. The Indian Ocean occupies about 20% of the area of the world's oceans.
The formation of this ocean is a consequence of the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, which began about 180 million years ago. 36 million years ago the Indian Ocean assumed its current configuration. Although it first opened about 140 million years ago, almost all Indian Ocean basins are less than 80 million years old.
It is landlocked and does not extend to Arctic waters. It has fewer islands and narrower continental shelves compared to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Below the surface, especially in the north, the ocean water is extremely low in oxygen.
The climate of the Indian Ocean varies significantly from north to south. For example, the monsoons dominate in the northern part, above the equator. From October to April there are strong north-easterly winds, while from May to October - southerly and westerly winds. The Indian Ocean also has the warmest weather of all five oceans in the world.
The ocean depths contain about 40% of the world's offshore oil reserves, and seven countries currently produce from this ocean.
Seychelles is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean consisting of 115 islands, and most of them are granite islands and coral islands. On granite islands, most of the species are endemic, while coral islands have a coral reef ecosystem where the biological diversity of marine life is greatest. The Indian Ocean has an island fauna that includes sea turtles, seabirds and many other exotic animals. Much of the marine life in the Indian Ocean is endemic.
The entire Indian Ocean marine ecosystem is facing declines in species numbers as water temperatures continue to rise, resulting in a 20% decline in phytoplankton, on which the marine food chain is heavily dependent.
South ocean
Southern Ocean on the Earth map/Wikipedia
In 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization identified the fifth and youngest ocean in the world - the Southern Ocean - from the southern regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The New Southern Ocean completely surrounds and extends from its coast north to 60°S. w. The Southern Ocean is currently the fourth largest of the world's five oceans, exceeding in area only the Arctic Ocean.
IN last years a large amount of oceanographic research has concerned ocean currents, first due to El Niño and then due to wider interest in global warming. One study determined that currents near Antarctica isolate the Southern Ocean as a separate ocean, so it was identified as a separate, fifth ocean.
The area of the Southern Ocean is approximately 20.3 million km². The deepest point is 7,235 meters deep and is located in the South Sandwich Trench.
Water temperatures in the Southern Ocean range from -2°C to +10°C. It is also home to the largest and most powerful cold surface current on Earth, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which moves east and is 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers.
Despite the identification of this new ocean, it is likely that the debate about the number of oceans will continue into the future. In the end, there is only one "World Ocean", since all 5 (or 4) oceans on our planet are interconnected with each other.
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean on the Earth map/Wikipedia
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans and has an area of 14.06 million km². Its average depth is 1205 m, and the deepest point is in the underwater Nansen Basin, at a depth of 4665 m. The Arctic Ocean is located between Europe, Asia and North America. In addition, most of its waters are north of the Arctic Circle. is located in the center of the Arctic Ocean.
While located on the continent, North Pole covered with water. During most of the year, the Arctic Ocean is almost completely covered by drifting polar ice, which is about three meters thick. This glacier usually melts during the summer months, but only partially.
Due to its small size, many oceanographers do not consider it an ocean. Instead, some scientists suggest that it is a sea that is largely enclosed by continents. Others believe it is a partially enclosed coastal body of water in the Atlantic Ocean. These theories are not widely accepted, and the International Hydrographic Organization considers the Arctic Ocean to be one of the world's five oceans.
The Arctic Ocean has the lowest water salinity of any of Earth's oceans due to low evaporation rates and fresh water coming from streams and rivers that feed the ocean, diluting the concentration of salts in the water.
A polar climate dominates this ocean. Consequently, winters exhibit relatively stable weather with low temperatures. Most known characteristics This climate has polar nights and polar days.
It is believed that the Arctic Ocean may contain about 25% of the total natural gas and oil reserves on our planet. Geologists have also determined that there are significant deposits of gold and other minerals here. The abundance of several species of fish and seals also make the region attractive to the fishing industry.
The Arctic Ocean contains several habitats for animals, including endangered mammals and fish. The region's fragile ecosystem is one of the factors that makes the fauna so sensitive to climate change. Some of these species are endemic and irreplaceable. The summer months bring an abundance of phytoplankton, which in turn feeds
According to the stories of astronauts, there is no more beautiful and bewitching picture than the view of the Earth from space. When you look at a small ball consisting of white clouds, brown earth and blue water, it is impossible to take your eyes off...
Today we will look at several cool online 3D Earth globes, which you can use directly from this page. They are all interactive and you can interact with them. No need to download and install additional programs type Google Earth etc. – just open this page in your browser and enjoy.
Photorealistic 3D Earth globe
This is a three-dimensional model of the world, on which photo textures obtained by NASSA satellites are stretched.
You can spin the ball in different directions by holding down the left mouse button. Rotating the mouse wheel up increases the viewing scale, downwards - on the contrary, decreases it.
At maximum zoom, the textures become blurry, so I recommend that you do not get too carried away with scaling.
Blurring is due to the fact that the model uses low-resolution photographs. Otherwise, loading them in the browser would take too long.
This 3D globe allows you to see our planet almost the way astronauts see it. Well, or close to it :)
Virtual globe of the Earth
This is a three-dimensional interactive virtual globe on which the borders of states, names of cities, regions, settlements etc.This 3D model of the world does not have raster textures, like the previous one, but vector ones, so here scaling can be done down to individual buildings. At maximum magnification there are even house numbers and street names.
Historical globe
It demonstrates how our ancestors saw our Earth in late XVIII century. Its authorship belongs to the famous geographer and cartographer Giovanni Maria Cassini, and it was published in Rome in 1790.
It is also fully interactive, you can twist, rotate, zoom in or out of the map. Looking at it, you understand how much the world has changed in just 200 years, and how many events were behind it all...
And here is the actual globe itself (1790), from which this online 3d model was made:
Finally, a stunningly beautiful video about what the Earth actually looks like from space:
Friends, share your impressions, opinions and ask questions in the comments!