How the royal Romanov family lived in the last days before the execution. The Royal Family: real life after the imaginary execution Royal life

The first thoughts about leaving Tsarskoe Selo arose among the August prisoners at the beginning of March 1917, but then through Count Benckendorff it was reported that “we will stay here for quite a long time” (record of the Emperor dated March 11). On July 11, 1917, an entry appears again in the diary of Nicholas II that Kerensky announced the possible departure of the family to the south “due to the proximity of<арского>Sat to the troubled capital." The Royal Family retained the hope that they would be transported to Crimea, to Livadia, almost until their departure, while Kerensky had already changed his mind and turned his attention to the cities Western Siberia. He later recalled that the idea of ​​Tobolsk came to him by accident. Having learned that the city was approaching this “mission” in all respects, Kerensky made the final decision. No one should have known about this decision; it was a secret of state importance. But soon the secret was “confidentially” told to all of Petrograd. Various rumors spread that the Tsar was being taken away from the Alexander Palace either to Kostroma or Tobolsk.

E.A. Naryshkina, who had been released from prison by that time, already on July 16, that is, about two weeks before her departure, wrote: “Prince. Paley told me that a usually well-informed Englishman told them yesterday that the inhabitants of the Alexander Palace on the night of Thursday to Friday were taken and taken to Tobolsk! I objected energetically, but such rumors prove that this idea is in the air.” Among the rumors there was a version about the Ipatiev Monastery in Kostroma.

“They are taking me away... to one of the distant provincial cities... And we were counting on a long stay in Livadia!”

The topic of departure also worried the prisoners themselves: “We all thought and talked about the upcoming trip; It seems strange to leave here after a 4-month seclusion.” They are packing their things and still hoping to leave for Livadia. Three days later they were informed that they were being taken “not to Crimea, but to one of the distant provincial cities three or four days’ journey to the east! But they don’t say where exactly; even the commandant doesn’t know. And we were counting on a long stay in Livadia,” writes the Emperor.

On July 31, the day of departure, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich visited his brother, but they spoke for only 10 minutes and in front of Kerensky. The process of leaving Tsarskoe Selo took long time and ended at 5–6 a.m.

Having reached Tyumen, the family boarded the steamer Rus, which took them to their destination.

With moving to Tobolsk sudden changes did not happen, but life nevertheless became different. First of all, this is due to the house itself, where the Royal Family was settled. It was a two-story mansion on the outskirts of the city, formerly owned by the governor, and now abandoned, empty and absolutely unprepared for living. The unfortunate Provisional Government, which had just survived the “July crisis”, was being squeezed by the Bolsheviks and, in general, had acquired a sea of ​​problems in the socio-economic, political and military spheres, was not very efficient in the matter of relocating the Royal Family. The arrangement of the house took about a week, during which the Royal Family was forced to live on board the ship "Rus". “The house is empty, dirty, and nothing is prepared for spending the night in it. Again on board the ship, until everything is prepared in our house and all the other houses,” the Empress writes in her diary. Only on August 13 did it finally become possible to move into the governor’s house, which gave the impression of being uncomfortable and empty. “August 13th. Resurrection.<…>Many rooms are not yet finished and look unattractive.<…>Everything has an old abandoned look,” wrote the Emperor.

The royal family occupied the entire second floor of the house; servants and guards lived on the first floor, and there was also a dining room there. Some of the employees settled in the neighboring house opposite, the so-called “Kornilov house”. It took a lot of time to arrange the home. So, on September 20, Baron Bode arrived, who brought carpets, curtains, etc. from Tsarskoye. “September 26. Tuesday.<…>After tea, we took apart the newly brought carpets and decorated our rooms with them,” we read in the diary.

With a frost of 22 degrees in the office of the Tsar and his daughters it was +10°C

Every now and then various troubles happened, such as sewerage breakdowns, glass broken due to the wind, etc. At the beginning of December, there was almost no heating in some rooms. With a frost of 22 degrees in the office of the Tsar and his daughters, it was +10°C, “so from day to night I sit in a Plastun Circassian coat.”

During the first time of their stay in Tobolsk, the family’s life was not established. From August until the beginning of September there were no lessons; all the forces of the Royal Family were thrown into improving the house and garden area. A swing was installed in the yard. Games became frequent entertainment: dominoes, dice, “towns”, “bezique”, and in winter an ice slide was built. The only thing that never stopped was the Royal family’s attendance at divine services. “Such spiritual comfort in these times!” – the Emperor wrote on October 22 in his diary after receiving the Holy Gifts. By the way, unlike Tsarskoe Selo, here they were allowed to visit the city church. Although visiting the Annunciation Church was one of the family’s favorite events, prisoners were often denied this “privilege” under the pretext of imaginary danger.

At first, the service was held in one of the halls of the governor's house. Nuns from the Ioannovsky Monastery came here as singers and a priest from the Annunciation Church.

Immediately upon arrival, the house was consecrated: “At 12 a prayer service, 4 nuns from the Ioannovsky Monastery sang. The abbess gave N. the image of St. John Maximovich." Priest Alexy Vasiliev served first. Nicholas II spoke of him this way: “We all really like the priest who serves with us; four nuns sing."

“We went to a service in the cathedral... grateful that I was in a real church, for the first time in 6 months”

The family attended the first service in the temple on Friday, September 8 - on the holiday. A visit to the church, located outside the walls of the governor’s house, was apparently a very serious action, because to him local authority I prepared for more than one day. Judging by how large the number of guards was located along the path along which the Royal Family walked to the temple, it can be assumed that the authorities saw this as a considerable risk. “At 12 we went to service in Blagov<ещенский>personal<ор>on foot, me on my chair, through the city garden; soldiers were stationed all along the way, a crowd where they crossed the street. Very unpleasant, but, however, grateful that I was in a real church, for 6 months [for the first time],” the Empress writes. The royal family was allowed to attend only early services. “We were present exclusively at early masses,” recalled French teacher P. Gilliard, “almost alone in this church, barely consecrated with a few wax candles.”

Although visiting the city church became a consolation for the Emperor’s family, the awareness of their lack of freedom was especially acute here, in the distant provincial city of Western Siberia. “Here the feeling of being cooped up is much stronger than it was in C<арском>WITH<еле>“- writes the Emperor in his diary dated August 26.

As before, reading books continued in the evenings, which were now read aloud not only by Nicholas II, but also by Tatishchev, Dolgorukov, and Botkin. Not far from the house there was an abandoned garden - a “bad garden,” as the Emperor called it. On this site, Nicholas II was engaged in collecting firewood for the house and made a small pond for ducks. “We were outdoors a lot; filled the duck pond and cut wood for our bath.” Sawing wood soon became a universal activity, turning into a kind of sport for the Emperor’s daughters. After the soldiers destroyed the ice slide in early 1918, this became their only entertainment. At this time, Alexandra Feodorovna was doing needlework, drawing or writing letters.

Another activity that gave pleasure to the Emperor's family was their interaction with the soldiers on guard. Until the change of composition at the beginning of 1918, the princesses and the Emperor were free to enter the guard room, talk and play with the soldiers. “The Grand Duchesses, with charming simplicity, loved to talk with these people who, like them, still felt connected to the past,” recalled P. Gilliard.

With the Bolsheviks coming to power, the conditions of detention of the Tsar's prisoners began to change. In January 1918, their allowance was reduced to 600 rubles. per person, deducted from their personal wealth, butter and coffee were removed from the diet as luxury products, the composition of the guard was changed: good-natured soldiers were replaced by boorish and unprincipled “Reds”.

Lessons for the Tsar's children began in mid-September: “September 28. Thursday. From the beginning of the week, the children started having classes in the mornings; I continue my history and geography lessons with Alexey.” The subjects taught remained the same. On October 8, she was allowed to teach children K.M. Bitner: “October 10th. Tuesday.<…>Klavdia Mikhailovna Bitner, who arrived here two days ago, gave me a letter from Ksenia. Today she started studying with children, except Olga, in various subjects.” Classes were conducted from 9 to 11 o'clock in the morning and continued after evening tea until 6 o'clock. Due to the increase in the number of lessons, the walk now ended at 4 o'clock. The class schedule has also undergone some changes due to this. Alexandra Fedorovna continued to teach Maria, Tatiana and Alexey the Law of God, and Tatiana - German. The Empress no longer notes in detail the content of all lessons. This must be due to the deterioration of her health.

In general, during this trip to the East and stay in Tobolsk, the health of the entire family noticeably changed for the worse. This can be seen to a greater extent in the state of the Empress. In the diaries written in Tsarskoe, there are practically no complaints from Alexandra Fedorovna about her health; her heart pain, which is obviously indicated in the diary by a heart icon, began during the trip - on August 5th, then continued on the evening of the 8th. On August 9, Maria apparently began to experience heart pain, as a result of which she developed a fever. By the time she moved into the house, the princess had almost recovered. Until October, Alexandra Fedorovna does not write about heart attacks. They resumed only at the end of October and caused pain for three days in a row - from October 19 to 21, then stopped. In addition to heart pain, the Empress suffered from dental and headache pain and insomnia derived from them. These illnesses continued alternately from late August to September. On October 17, the dentist Kostritsky arrived from Crimea, where the Emperor and Empress were treated.

During the period described, Tsarevich Alexei was also often ill. On August 25, he was diagnosed with mild bronchitis with pain in the ear; on August 29, he recovered. Then, in mid-October, the boy’s leg became sick and swollen, and a few days later, his arm and other leg began to swell.

Everyday life The royal family in Tobolsk cannot be called idyllic or cloudless. In general, the daily routine was preserved, but here life was slower and more boring. And therefore the diary entries become shorter and shorter, the words appear more often: “The day passed as usual.” At the same time, relations with the “authorities” became worse and control became tighter. However, control concerned only the Royal Family; the authorities had not yet encroached on the freedom of those close to the Sovereign. Servants could move freely around the city and visit the Crown Bearers at a convenient time; Thus, Kolya Derevenko, the son of life surgeon V.N., often came to the Heir. Village. This went a long way in allowing the family to know what was going on “in the world.” Meanwhile, events took place in Petrograd that predetermined the fate of the Royal Family and Russia: on October 25, the Bolsheviks came to power.

Russian empire. 1914

2nd place in the world in terms of GDP (after the USA),
- 4th place in the world in terms of total volume industrial production,
- 5th place in the world in terms of living standards. – growth rate of industrial production – 1st place in the world.
- growth rate of national income – 1st place in the world.
- growth rate of labor productivity – 1st place in the world.
- level of concentration of production – 1st place in the world.
- the volume of gold reserves is 3rd in the world.
- one of the hardest currencies in the world - the Russian gold ruble.
- the world's largest oil exporter,
- the world's largest exporter of textile products,
- one of the world's largest manufacturers of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy products,
- one of the world's largest manufacturers of mechanical engineering products.
- one of the world's largest countries in terms of coal production.
- one of the longest railway lines in the world. One of the highest rates of railway construction in the world.
- the world's largest exporter of grain crops, flax, eggs, milk, butter, meat, sugar, etc. Grain harvests are 1/3 larger than the harvests of Argentina, the USA and Canada combined.
- the land issue was practically resolved (80% of the land in European Russia and 100% of the land in Siberia was in the hands of peasants on the basis of ownership or lease). Increasing the fertility of the land and the number of harvests, the active introduction of new tools, for example, tractors, new types of plows, etc.
- the most developed social legislation in the world - for example, the earnings of Russian workers are higher than European earnings, second (in the world) only to American earnings. The Social Security Law was adopted first of all European countries and the United States.
- one of the most low levels taxes among European countries (lower than Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary and Germany; taxes were lower than Russians only in Italy).
- the fastest rate of demographic growth in the world (during the reign of Nicholas II, the population increased by approximately 60 million people).
- rapidly developing literacy. In particular, universal primary education, which had been successfully functioning since 1908, was planned to introduce universal secondary education in 1918. The largest number of female students of any European country.
- a rapidly developing healthcare system. In terms of the number of doctors, Russia is in 2nd place in Europe and 3rd in the world.
- one of the strongest armies in the world, which, moreover, is developing rapidly. The world's best Mosin rifles, some of the world's best Maxim machine guns and some of the world's best 76mm field guns. The largest aviation fleet in the world. The world's best destroyers and some of the world's best battleships, the world's best mines and mine laying tactics.
- the world's largest river merchant fleet.
- production of some of the best steam locomotives in the world.
- alcohol consumption per capita is lower than in major European countries.
- there are no problems with inflation and unemployment, since both are almost completely absent.
- the crime rate is lower than in the USA and Western European countries.

First, the Provisional Government agrees to fulfill all the conditions. But already on March 8, 1917, General Mikhail Alekseev informed the Tsar that he “can consider himself, as it were, under arrest.” After some time, a notification of refusal comes from London, which previously agreed to accept the Romanov family. On March 21, former Emperor Nicholas II and his entire family were officially taken into custody.

A little more than a year later, on July 17, 1918, the last royal family Russian Empire will be shot in a cramped basement in Yekaterinburg. The Romanovs were subjected to hardships, getting closer and closer to their grim ending. Let's look at rare photos of the members of the latter royal family Russia, taken some time before the execution.

After February Revolution In 1917, the last royal family of Russia, by decision of the Provisional Government, was sent to the Siberian city of Tobolsk to protect them from the wrath of the people. A few months earlier, Tsar Nicholas II had abdicated the throne, ending more than three hundred years of the Romanov dynasty.

The Romanovs began their five-day journey to Siberia in August, on the eve of Tsarevich Alexei's 13th birthday. The seven family members were joined by 46 servants and a military escort. The day before reaching their destination, the Romanovs sailed past the home village of Rasputin, whose eccentric influence on politics may have contributed to their dark ending.

The family arrived in Tobolsk on August 19 and began to live in relative comfort on the banks of the Irtysh River. In the Governor's Palace, where they were housed, the Romanovs were well fed, and they could communicate a lot with each other, without being distracted by state affairs and official events. The children performed plays for their parents, and the family often went into the city for religious services - this was the only form of freedom they were allowed.

When the Bolsheviks came to power at the end of 1917, the regime of the royal family began to tighten slowly but surely. The Romanovs were forbidden to attend church and generally leave the territory of the mansion. Soon coffee, sugar, butter and cream disappeared from their kitchen, and the soldiers assigned to protect them wrote obscene and offensive words on the walls and fences of their home.

Things went from bad to worse. In April 1918, a commissar, a certain Yakovlev, arrived with an order to transport the former tsar from Tobolsk. The Empress was adamant in her desire to accompany her husband, but Comrade Yakovlev had other orders that complicated everything. At this time, Tsarevich Alexei, suffering from hemophilia, began to suffer from paralysis of both legs due to a bruise, and everyone expected that he would be left in Tobolsk, and the family would be divided during the war.

The commissioner's demands to move were adamant, so Nikolai, his wife Alexandra and one of their daughters, Maria, soon left Tobolsk. They eventually boarded a train to travel through Yekaterinburg to Moscow, where the Red Army was headquartered. However, Commissar Yakovlev was arrested for trying to save the royal family, and the Romanovs got off the train in Yekaterinburg, in the heart of the territory captured by the Bolsheviks.

In Yekaterinburg, the rest of the children joined their parents - everyone was locked in Ipatiev’s house. The family was placed on the second floor and completely cut off from the outside world, with the windows boarded up and guards posted at the doors. The Romanovs were allowed to go out into the fresh air for only five minutes a day.

At the beginning of July 1918 Soviet authorities began to prepare for the execution of the royal family. The ordinary soldiers on guard were replaced by representatives of the Cheka, and the Romanovs were allowed to go to church services for the last time. The priest who conducted the service later admitted that none of the family said a word during the service. For July 16, the day of the murder, five truckloads of barrels of benzidine and acid were ordered to quickly dispose of the bodies.

Early in the morning of July 17, the Romanovs were gathered and told about the advance of the White Army. The family believed that they were simply being moved to a small, lighted basement for their own protection, because it would soon be unsafe here. Approaching the place of execution, the last Tsar of Russia passed by trucks, in one of which his body would soon lie, not even suspecting what a terrible fate awaited his wife and children.

In the basement, Nikolai was told that he was about to be executed. Not believing his own ears, he asked: “What?” - immediately after which the security officer Yakov Yurovsky shot the Tsar. Another 11 people pulled their triggers, filling the basement with Romanov blood. Alexei survived the first shot, but was finished off by Yurovsky’s second shot. The next day, the bodies of members of the last royal family of Russia were burned 19 km from Yekaterinburg, in the village of Koptyaki.

Schedule

“The entire external and spiritual way of home life of the royal family was a typical example of the pure, patriarchal life of a simple Russian religious family,” recalled M. K Dieterichs. - Getting up from sleep in the morning or going to bed in the evening, each of the family members said his own prayer, after which in the morning, having gathered together as much as possible, the mother or father loudly read the Gospel and Epistles assigned for that day to the other members.

Likewise, when sitting down at the table or getting up from the table after eating, everyone performed the prescribed prayer and only then took food or went to their room. They never sat down at the table if my father was delayed by something: they waited for him.”

In this family, the alternation of various activities was also regulated, and the regime was observed quite strictly. But not so strict that it becomes unbearable for children. The daily routine did not burden the princesses and the prince.

When the imperial family was in Tsarskoe Selo, its life was more family-like than in other places, receptions were limited due to the poor health of the empress. The retinue did not live in the palace, so the family gathered at the table without strangers and quite easily. Children, growing up, dined with their parents. Pierre Gilliard left a description of the winter of 1913/14, spent by the family in Tsarskoe Selo. Lessons with the heir began at 9 o'clock with a break between 11 o'clock and noon. During this break, a walk was taken in a carriage, sleigh or car, then classes resumed until breakfast, until one o'clock in the afternoon. After breakfast, the teacher and student always spent two hours in the air. The Grand Duchesses and the Emperor, when he was free, joined them, and Alexei Nikolaevich had fun with his sisters, descending from the ice mountain, which was built on the shore of a small artificial lake. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, lessons resumed until lunch, which was served at 7 o'clock for Alexei Nikolaevich and at 8 for the rest of the family. We ended the day by reading a book out loud.

Idleness was absolutely alien to the family last emperor. Even after the arrest that took place in Tsarskoe Selo, Nikolai Alexandrovich and his family were always at work. According to M. K Diterichs, “we got up at 8 o’clock in the morning; prayer, morning tea for everyone together... They were allowed to walk twice a day: from 11 to 12 o'clock in the morning and from 2 and a half to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. In their free time from school, the Empress and her daughters sewed something, embroidered or knitted, but were never left without something to do. At this time, the Emperor was reading in his office and putting his papers in order.

In the evening, after tea, the father came to his daughters’ room; They set him up an armchair and a table, and he read aloud the works of Russian classics, while his wife and daughters, listening, did needlework or drew. From childhood, the sovereign was accustomed to physical work and taught his children to do it. The emperor usually used an hour of his morning walk for exercise, and he was accompanied for the most part by Dolgorukov; They talked about contemporary topics experienced by Russia. Sometimes, instead of Dolgorukov, one of his daughters accompanied him when they recovered from their illness.

During daytime walks, all family members, with the exception of the empress, were engaged in physical work: clearing snow from the park paths, or chopping ice for the cellar, or cutting off dry branches and cutting down old trees, preparing firewood for the coming winter. With the onset of warm weather, the whole family began setting up a large vegetable garden, and some officers and guard soldiers, who were already accustomed to the royal family and sought to show it their attention and goodwill, took part in this work.”

Gilliard also writes about this, talking about the imprisonment of the royal family in Tobolsk: “The emperor suffered from a lack of physical labor. Colonel Kobylinsky, to whom he complained about this, ordered birch trunks to be brought, bought saws and axes, and we could now prepare the firewood that was so needed in the kitchen, as well as in the house to fire our stoves. This work in the open air was great entertainment for us during our stay in Tobolsk. The Grand Duchesses in particular became ardently addicted to this new sport.”

It should be noted here that the Grand Duchesses did not disdain such activities as, for example, weeding in the garden even before their arrest. The eldest daughters in last years Their father's reign, during the First World War, was busy to the limit. The Empress always made every effort to provide real benefit to her neighbors and involved children in charity work. This should be discussed in more detail.

Charity

In the comments to the diary entries and correspondence of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, we read that during the first years of her marriage, giving birth to children at intervals of two years and nannying them herself, at the same time she oversaw the family’s major charitable events: workshops, schools, hospitals, plans reforming prisons. The Empress's own fortune was small, and in order to carry out her charitable activities she had to cut down on personal expenses. During the famine of 1898, she gave 50 thousand rubles from her personal funds - an eighth of annual income families. This is above and beyond the usual charitable causes.

Countless times, often feeling unwell herself, the Empress traveled from Tsarskoe Selo to St. Petersburg to visit the sick. Being a kind mother herself, she especially sympathized with the sorrows of other mothers. People whom she knew well, and those who barely knew her, were all sure that they would find warm sympathy for their troubles on the part of Alexandra Feodorovna.

Her close friends Anna Taneyeva and Yulia Den remember Alexandra Feodorovna with special warmth. They were precisely the queen’s friends, and not court ladies, they were in close contact with the emperor’s family and left priceless records about it. Taneyeva helped the empress a lot in charitable endeavors, in which the royal children were constantly involved. Anna Taneyeva's story is very interesting. “The empress, brought up in England and Germany,” she wrote, “did not like the empty atmosphere of St. Petersburg society, and she still hoped to instill a taste for work. For this purpose, she founded the Handicraft Society, whose members - ladies and young ladies - were required to create at least three things a year for the poor. At first everyone set to work, but soon, as with everything, our ladies grew cold, and no one could complete even three things a year. The idea didn't catch on. Despite this, the empress continued to open houses of industriousness for the unemployed throughout Russia, established charity houses for fallen girls, passionately taking this whole matter to heart...

Describing life in Crimea, I must say how ardently the empress took part in the fate of tuberculosis patients who came to Crimea for treatment. Sanatoriums in Crimea were of the old type. Having examined them all in Yalta, the empress decided to immediately build sanatoriums with all the improvements on their estates using her personal funds, which was done. For hours I traveled on the orders of the empress to hospitals, asking patients on behalf of the empress about all their needs. How much money I brought from Her Majesty to pay for treatment for the poor! If I found some glaring case of a lonely dying patient, the Empress immediately ordered a car and went with me, personally “bringing money, flowers, fruit, and most importantly, the charm that she always knew how to inspire in such cases, bringing with her into the room so much affection and cheerfulness in the dying man. How many tears of gratitude I saw! But no one knew about it: the empress forbade me to talk about it.

The Empress co-organized four large bazaars in favor of tuberculosis patients in 1911 - 1914; they brought in a ton of money. She worked herself, painted and embroidered for the bazaar and, despite her poor health, stood at the kiosk all day, surrounded by a huge crowd of people. The police were ordered to let everyone through, and people pressed each other to get something from the empress’s hands or to touch her dress; she never tired of selling things that were literally snatched from her hands. Little Alexei Nikolaevich stood next to her on the counter, holding out his hands with things to the enthusiastic crowd. On the day of the "white flower" the empress went to Yalta in a chaise with baskets of white flowers; the children accompanied her on foot. The delight of the population knew no bounds. The people, at that time untouched by revolutionary propaganda, adored Their Majesties, and this can never be forgotten...

The Empress loved to visit the sick - she was a born sister of mercy; She brought cheerfulness and moral support to the sick. Wounded soldiers and officers often asked her to be with them during difficult dressings and operations, saying that “it’s not so scary” when the empress is nearby. How she attended to her sick maid of honor, Princess Orbegliani! She's up to last minute The life of the princess remained with her and she herself closed her eyes. Wanting to instill the knowledge and ability to properly care for babies, the Empress founded a school of nannies in Tsarskoye Selo with her personal funds. The head of this institution was pediatrician Dr. Rauchfuss.

At the school there was an orphanage with fifty beds. She also founded, at her own expense, a nursing home for two hundred disabled soldiers. Russo-Japanese War. Disabled people learned every craft here, for which purpose there were huge workshops at the house. Near the Invalid House, built in the Tsarskoye Selo park, the Empress built a whole colony of small houses in one room with a kitchen and vegetable gardens for family disabled people. The Empress appointed Count Schulenburg, colonel of Her Majesty's Ulan Regiment, as the head of the Invalid Home.

In addition to the institutions I mentioned, the Empress founded a folk art school in St. Petersburg, where girls from all over Russia came to learn handicrafts. Returning to their villages, they became local instructors. These girls worked at school with great passion. The Empress was especially interested in handicrafts; She and the headmistress spent hours choosing samples, drawings, coordinating colors, and so on. One of these girls taught carpet weaving to my legless disabled people. The school was set up superbly and had a great future...

Everyone who suffered was close to her heart, and she gave all of herself to comfort a person in a moment of grief.

There is practically nothing to add to the story of the empress’s devoted friend. From this story, as well as from many other memories, it is quite obvious that the children shared their mother’s selfless efforts aimed at helping people. This was the case in peacetime, but especially during the difficult days of the Russo-Japanese and First World Wars. Her Majesty turned the halls of the Winter Palace into workshops, gathered hundreds of noble ladies and girls, and organized a workers' community. She worked tirelessly, and all the daughters followed their mother’s example, diligently sewing and knitting, not excluding Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, who did not like needlework. The Harbin depot alone received up to twelve million different things from the Winter Palace.

“The august family did not limit itself to monetary assistance, but also sacrificed their personal labors,” testifies the monk Seraphim (Kuznetsov) in the book “The Orthodox Tsar-Martyr.” - How many church airs, covers and other things were embroidered by the hands of the queen and daughters, sent to military, monastic and poor churches. I personally had the opportunity to see these royal gifts and even have them in my distant desert monastery.” Alexandra Feodorovna herself wrote to the sovereign during the First World War: “The exhibition and bazaar are working very well. Our items sell out before they are available; each of us manages to make a pillow and a tire every day.”

Before Peter the Great’s time, handicrafts were the main occupation of queens and princesses, but the work of the emperor’s wife and daughters as nurses turned out to be an unheard of undertaking, causing amazement and criticism in secular society. It was completely unclear why the Empress needed this. She was accused of hypocrisy, not realizing that the feverish activity in the hospital, according to eyewitnesses, did not stop with early morning until late at night. The empress and her eldest daughters got up early and sometimes went to bed at two in the morning. When the ambulance trains arrived, the Empress and the Grand Duchesses made dressings, without sitting down for a minute from 9 o'clock sometimes until 3 o'clock in the afternoon. During difficult operations, the wounded begged the empress to be nearby, the dying asked her to sit near the bed, hold their hand or head, and she, despite her fatigue, calmed them down for hours.

In addition to working in Tsarskoe Selo, Alexandra Feodorovna sometimes with the sovereign, and sometimes alone with her two older daughters, visited Red Cross institutions in the western and central cities of Russia. The Grand Duchesses often had to accompany the Empress on trips around Russia; they visited military hospitals and went to Headquarters. “The Grand Duchesses were very fond of these trips to Mogilev,” wrote P. Gilliard, “always too short, as it seemed to them: it made a small change in their monotonous and harsh life. They enjoyed greater freedom there than in Tsarskoe Selo.

The station in Mogilev was very far from the city and stood almost in a field. The Grand Duchesses took advantage of their leisure time to visit the surrounding peasants and the families of railway employees. Their simple and unartificial kindness won over all hearts, and since they loved children very much, they could always be seen surrounded by a crowd of children, whom they collected along the way and fed them with sweets.”

But usually, according to T. Melnik-Botkina, “during the war, the already modest life of the royal family passed the same day after day at work.” How different was the way of life of this amazing family from what could be seen in the families of the contemporary nobility and those who followed this nobility! Is it any wonder that secular society hated the holy family so much, whose life was a silent reproach to them and an example that they did not want to follow.

Education

Since Emperor Nicholas's time was entirely devoted to state affairs, Alexandra Feodorovna was in charge of the children's education. Pierre Gilliard, recalling his first lessons with Olga and Tatiana, who were then ten and eight years old, respectively, described the Empress’s attitude towards training sessions daughters: “The Empress does not miss a single word of mine; I have a very clear feeling that this is not a lesson that I am giving, but an examination that I am undergoing...

Over the following weeks, the Empress regularly attended the children's lessons... She often had to discuss with me the techniques and methods of teaching living languages, when her daughters left us, and I was always amazed common sense and the insight of her judgments." Gilliard was clearly surprised by this attitude of the empress and “retained a very clear memory of the extreme interest with which the empress treated the upbringing and education of her children, completely devoted to her duty.” He says that Alexandra Feodorovna wanted to instill in her daughters attentiveness to their mentors, “demanding from them order, which is the first condition of politeness... While she was present at my lessons, at the entrance I always found books and notebooks carefully arranged on the table in front of the place each of my students. I was never made to wait a single minute.”

Gilliard is not the only one who testifies to the empress’s attention to children’s educational activities. Sophie Buchshoeveden also writes: “She enjoyed being present in the lessons and discussing the direction and content of the lessons with the teachers.” And Alexandra Feodorovna herself told the emperor in a letter: “The children have begun their winter lessons. Maria and Anastasia are unhappy, but Baby doesn't care. He’s ready to learn even more, so I told him to keep the lessons longer than forty-fifty minutes, because now, thank God, he’s much stronger.”

Some opponents of the canonization of the royal family were indignant at how Orthodox parents, who had the opportunity to choose mentors for their children, could appoint foreigners and non-Orthodox teachers as their teachers. Turning again to the memoirs of A. A. Taneyeva, let’s see if the august couple was mistaken in this:
“The senior teacher who was in charge of their education was a certain P.V. Petrov. He assigned other mentors to them. Besides him, the foreigners included Mr. Gibbs, Englishman, and Mr. Gilliard. Their first teacher was Mrs. Schneider, who had previously been the teacher of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. She then taught the Russian language to the young empress and remained at court. Trina - as the empress called her - did not always have a pleasant character, but she was devoted to the royal family and followed them to Siberia. Of all the teachers, the children of their majesties loved Gilliard the most (Pierre Gilliard - M.K.), who first taught the grand duchesses French, and then became Alexei Nikolaevich’s tutor; he lived in the palace and enjoyed the full confidence of their majesties. Mr. Gibbs was also very much loved; both followed to Siberia and remained with the royal family until the Bolsheviks separated them.”

Even after the abdication of the sovereign and the arrest of the entire family, not knowing what awaited them all in the future, the august parents decided that the children should not interrupt their studies. “As their Highnesses recovered, they began their lessons, but since teachers were not allowed to see them, with the exception of Gilliard, who was also arrested, Her Majesty divided these duties among everyone. She personally taught all the children the Law of God, His Majesty Alexei Nikolaevich geography and history, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna her younger sisters and brother English language, Ekaterina Adolfovna - arithmetic and Russian grammar, Countess Genne - history, Doctor Derevenko was entrusted with teaching Alexey Nikolaevich natural science, and my father taught him Russian reading. They were both fond of Lermontov's lyrics, which Alexey Nikolaevich learned by heart; in addition, he wrote adaptations and essays based on paintings, and my father enjoyed these activities” (T. S. Melnik-Botkina).

Entertainment

The fact that the royal children never sat idle does not mean that they did not rest at all. The empress also considered children’s games to be a matter, and a very important matter at that: “It is simply a crime to suppress children’s joy and force children to be gloomy and important... Their childhood should, as far as possible, be filled with joy, light, and fun games. Parents should not be ashamed of playing and being naughty with their children. Maybe that’s when they’re closer to God than when they’re doing what they think is the most important work.”

Parents who want to obey wise advice Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, these words can warn against two mistakes at once. First: adults have a tendency to sharply limit childish fun, while they often forget that children are children and their play cannot be constantly sacrificed to activities, even the most important ones. The second mistake: letting the child take its course, not being interested in his activities during leisure hours, as, for example, many mothers do, allowing their children to play for hours on end. computer games. Organizing children's play unobtrusively and wisely is a great talent. Fortunately for themselves, the royal children did not know computers and they had wise, loving parents who were always ready to share their fun, and therefore the rest of the grand duchesses and the heir was always cheerful and healthy.

If now parents themselves played with their children, or at least simply thought about what they were playing and how their children were having fun, many troubles could be avoided. This is not an exaggeration. What is play for a child? An act of creativity, learning, the first lessons of life. Normal children's play develops a child, teaches him to make decisions and be independent. True, this does not mean that children's games should be strictly regulated. Otherwise, parents, afraid of falling into the first two mistakes, will make the third - they will constantly interfere in the child’s play “from their adult bell tower,” wanting to make it correct and “developing.”

The fact that Her Majesty, not because of “pedagogical principles,” but from the heart felt the need to share the children’s leisure time, is evidenced by an excerpt from her letter to her eldest daughter: “And the fact that your old mother who loves you is always sick also darkens your life, poor kids. I’m very sorry that I can’t spend more time with you and read, and make noise, and play together, but we must endure everything.” A completely sincere sigh!

Tsar Nicholas, as already mentioned, also really loved spending time with children, playing and having fun with them. “During his daytime walks, the sovereign, who loved to walk a lot, usually walked around the park with one of his daughters, but he also happened to join us, and with his help we once built a huge snow tower, which took on the appearance of an impressive fortress and occupied us for several weeks "(P. Gilliard). Thanks to Nikolai Alexandrovich, his children fell in love with physical exercise. The sovereign himself, according to Julia Den’s story, loved being in the fresh air, he was an excellent shooter and an excellent athlete. He had extremely strong hands. His favorite pastime was rowing. He loved kayaking and canoeing. When the imperial family vacationed in the Finnish skerries, the sovereign spent whole hours on the water.

The royal children practically did not know external entertainment, such as trips and balls. They themselves came up with activities for themselves, in addition to outdoor games, walks and physical exercises - for example, they organized home theatrical performances. These little plays always became a joyful event, giving both children and parents mental peace even in the tragic days of their imprisonment. The Grand Duchesses were very fond of solving puzzles. And Tsarevich Alexei, like any boy, collected all sorts of little things in his pocket - nails, ropes, and so on - the most interesting toys.

Summer trips to the skerries or Crimea were a great joy for the royal children. During these short trips, the sailors taught the children to swim. “But besides swimming, there was a lot of joy on these trips: boat rides, trips to the shore, to islands where you could potter around and pick mushrooms. And how many interesting things are on the yachts and ships that accompanied them! Rowing and sailing boat races, fireworks on the islands, flag lowering with ceremony” (P. Savchenko).

The whole family loved animals. In addition to dogs and a cat, they had a donkey Vanka, with whom the Tsarevich loved to play. “Vanka was an incomparable, smart and funny animal,” recalls P. Gilliard. - When they wanted to give Alexey Nikolaevich a donkey, they turned to all the dealers in St. Petersburg for a long time, but to no avail; then the Ciniselli circus agreed to give up the old donkey, which, due to its decrepitude, was no longer suitable for performances. And this is how “Vanka” appeared at court, apparently fully appreciating the palace stables. He amused us very much, as he knew many of the most incredible tricks. With great dexterity, he turned out his pockets in the hope of finding sweets in them. He found a special charm in old rubber balls, which he casually chewed with one eye closed, like an old Yankee.”

This is how the four daughters and son of Emperor Nicholas II spent their leisure time. Their games and entertainment, while promoting cheerfulness, did not in any way disrupt children's spontaneity and strengthened the children's friendship with their parents. This close friendship contributed to the unity of the family not only in joy, but also in grief, when in captivity the holy family showed even people who were hostile to them an amazing example of love and unity in the face of mortal danger.

History, like a corrupt girl, falls under every new “king”. That's recent history our country has been rewritten many times. “Responsible” and “unbiased” historians rewrote biographies and changed the fates of people in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.

But today access to many archives is open. Only conscience serves as the key. What gets to people bit by bit does not leave those who live in Russia indifferent. Those who want to be proud of their country and raise their children as patriots of their native land.

In Russia, historians are a dime a dozen. If you throw a stone, you will almost always hit one of them. But only 14 years have passed, and real story no one can establish the last century.

Modern henchmen of Miller and Baer are robbing the Russians in all directions. Either they will start Maslenitsa in February by mocking Russian traditions, or they will put an outright criminal under the Nobel Prize.

And then we wonder: why is this in a country with the richest resources and cultural heritage, such poor people?

Abdication of Nicholas II

Emperor Nicholas II did not abdicate the Throne. This act is “fake”. It was compiled and printed on a typewriter by the Quartermaster General of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief A.S. Lukomsky and the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the General Staff N.I. Basili.

This printed text was signed on March 2, 1917, not by Sovereign Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov, but by the Minister of the Imperial Court, Adjutant General, Baron Boris Fredericks.

After 4 days, the Orthodox Tsar Nicholas II was betrayed by the top of the Russian Orthodox Church, misleading all of Russia by the fact that, seeing this false act, the clergy passed it off as real. And they telegraphed it to the entire Empire and beyond its borders that the Tsar had abdicated the Throne!

March 6, 1917 Holy Synod Russian Orthodox Church listened to two reports. The first is the act of “abdication” of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II for himself and for his son from the Throne of the Russian State and the abdication of Supreme Power, which took place on March 2, 1917. The second is the act of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich’s refusal to accept the Supreme Power, which took place on March 3, 1917.

After the hearings, pending the establishment of a form of government in the Constituent Assembly and new fundamental laws of the Russian State, they ORDERED:

« The said acts should be taken into account and implemented and announced in all Orthodox churches, in urban churches on the first day after receiving the text of these acts, and in rural churches on the first Sunday or holiday, after the Divine Liturgy, with a prayer to the Lord God for the pacification of passions, with the proclamation of many years to the God-protected Russian Power and its Blessed Provisional Government».

And although the top generals of the Russian Army were mostly Jews, the middle officer corps and several senior ranks of the generals, such as Fyodor Arturovich Keller, did not believe this fake and decided to go to the rescue of the Sovereign.

From that moment on, the split in the Army began, which turned into a Civil War!

The priesthood and the entire Russian society split.

But the Rothschilds achieved the main thing - they removed Her Lawful Sovereign from governing the country, and began to finish off Russia.

After the revolution, all the bishops and priests who betrayed the Tsar suffered death or dispersion throughout the world for perjury before the Orthodox Tsar.

On May 1, 1919, the pre-Soviet People's Commissar Lenin signed a document still hidden from the people:

To the Chairman of the V.Ch.K. No. 13666/2 comrade. Dzerzhinsky F.E. INSTRUCTION: “In accordance with the decision of the V.Ts.I.K. and the Council of People's Commissars, it is necessary to put an end to priests and religion as quickly as possible. Popovs should be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, and shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are subject to closure. The temple premises should be sealed and turned into warehouses.

Chairman V. Ts. I. K. Kalinin, Chairman of the Council. adv. Commissars Ulyanov /Lenin/.”

Murder simulation

There is a lot of information about the Sovereign’s stay with his family in prison and exile, about his stay in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, and it is quite truthful.

Was there an execution? Or perhaps it was staged? Was it possible to escape or be taken out of Ipatiev’s house?

It turns out yes!

There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by revolutionaries, dug an underground passage to it. When Yeltsin destroyed the house, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.

Thanks to Stalin and the intelligence officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken to various Russian provinces, with the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius (Nevsky).

On July 22, 1918, Evgenia Popel received the keys to the empty house and sent her husband, N.N. Ipatiev, a telegram in the village of Nikolskoye about the possibility of returning to the city.

In connection with the offensive of the White Guard Army, the evacuation of Soviet institutions was underway in Yekaterinburg. Documents, property and valuables were exported, including those of the Romanov family (!).

On July 25, the city was occupied by White Czechs and Cossacks.

Great excitement spread among the officers when it became known in what condition the Ipatiev House, where the Royal Family lived, was located. Those who were free from service went to the house, everyone wanted to take an active part in clarifying the question: “Where are They?”

Some inspected the house, breaking open the boarded up doors; others sorted out the lying things and papers; still others raked out the ashes from the furnaces. The fourth ones scoured the yard and garden, looking into all the basements and cellars. Everyone acted independently, not trusting each other and trying to find an answer to the question that worried everyone.

While the officers were inspecting the rooms, people who came to profit took away a lot of abandoned property, which was later found at the bazaar and flea markets.

The head of the garrison, Major General Golitsin, appointed a special commission of officers, mainly cadets of the Academy General Staff, chaired by Colonel Sherekhovsky. Which was tasked with dealing with the finds in the Ganina Yama area: local peasants, raking out recent fire pits, found burnt items from the Tsar’s wardrobe, including a cross with precious stones.

Captain Malinovsky received orders to explore the area of ​​Ganina Yama. On July 30, taking with him Sheremetyevsky, the investigator for the most important cases of the Yekaterinburg District Court A.P. Nametkin, several officers, the doctor of the Heir - V.N. Derevenko and the servant of the Sovereign - T.I. Chemodurov, he went there.

Thus began the investigation into the disappearance of Sovereign Nicholas II, the Empress, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses.

Malinovsky's commission lasted about a week. But it was she who determined the area of ​​all subsequent investigative actions in Yekaterinburg and its environs. It was she who found witnesses to the cordon of the Koptyakovskaya road around Ganina Yama by the Red Army. I found those who saw a suspicious convoy that passed from Yekaterinburg into the cordon and back. I obtained evidence of the destruction there, in the fires near the mines of the Tsar's things.

After the entire staff of officers went to Koptyaki, Sherekhovsky divided the team into two parts. One, headed by Malinovsky, examined Ipatiev’s house, the other, led by Lieutenant Sheremetyevsky, began inspecting Ganina Yama.

When inspecting Ipatiev’s house, within a week the officers of Malinovsky’s group managed to establish almost all the basic facts, which the investigation later relied on.

A year after the investigations, Malinovsky, in June 1919, testified to Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I developed the conviction that the August Family is alive... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are a simulation of murder.”

At the scene

On July 28, A.P. Nametkin was invited to the headquarters, and from the military authorities, since civil power had not yet been formed, he was asked to investigate the case of the Royal Family. After this, we began to inspect the Ipatiev House. Doctor Derevenko and old man Chemodurov were invited to participate in the identification of things; Professor of the Academy of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Medvedev, took part as an expert.

On July 30, Alexey Pavlovich Nametkin participated in the inspection of the mine and fires near Ganina Yama. After the inspection, the Koptyakovsky peasant handed over to Captain Politkovsky a huge diamond, which Chemodurov, who was there, recognized as a jewel belonging to Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna.

Nametkin, inspecting Ipatiev’s house from August 2 to 8, had at his disposal publications of resolutions of the Urals Council and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which reported on the execution of Nicholas II.

An inspection of the building, traces of gunshots and signs of spilled blood confirmed a well-known fact - the possible death of people in this house.

As for the other results of the inspection of Ipatiev’s house, they left the impression of the unexpected disappearance of its inhabitants.

On August 5, 6, 7, 8, Nametkin continued to inspect Ipatiev’s house and described the state of the rooms where Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexandra Feodorovna, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses were kept. During the examination, I found many small things that, according to the valet T.I. Chemodurov and the Heir's doctor V.N. Derevenko, belonged to members of the Royal Family.

Being an experienced investigator, Nametkin, after examining the scene of the incident, stated that a mock execution took place in the Ipatiev House, and that not a single member of the Royal Family was shot there.

He repeated his data officially in Omsk, where he gave interviews on this topic to foreign, mainly American correspondents. Stating that he had evidence that the Royal Family was not killed on the night of July 16-17 and was going to publish these documents soon.

But he was forced to hand over the investigation.

War with investigators

On August 7, 1918, a meeting of the branches of the Yekaterinburg District Court was held, where, unexpectedly for prosecutor Kutuzov, contrary to agreements with the chairman of the court Glasson, the Yekaterinburg District Court, by a majority vote, decided to transfer the “case of the murder of the former Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II” to court member Ivan Aleksandrovich Sergeev .

After the case was transferred, the house where he rented the premises was burned, which led to the destruction of Nametkin’s investigative archive.

The main difference in the work of a detective at the scene of an incident lies in what is not in the laws and textbooks to plan further actions for each of the significant circumstances discovered. What is harmful about replacing them is that with the departure of the previous investigator, his plan to unravel the tangle of mysteries disappears.

On August 13, A.P. Nametkin handed over the case to I.A. Sergeev on 26 numbered sheets. And after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nametkin was shot.

Sergeev was aware of the complexity of the upcoming investigation.

He understood that the main thing was to find the bodies of the dead. After all, in criminology there is a strict attitude: “no corpse, no murder.” They had great expectations for the expedition to Ganina Yama, where they very carefully searched the area and pumped out water from the mines. But... they found only a severed finger and a prosthetic upper jaw. True, a “corpse” was also recovered, but it was the corpse of the Grand Duchess Anastasia’s dog.

In addition, there are witnesses who saw the former Empress and her children in Perm.

Doctor Derevenko, who treated the Heir, as well as Botkin, who accompanied Royal Family in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, testifies over and over again that the unidentified corpses delivered to him are not the Tsar and not the Heir, since the Tsar should have a mark on his head /skull/ from a blow from a Japanese saber in 1891.

The clergy also knew about the liberation of the Royal Family: Patriarch St. Tikhon.

Life of the royal family after “death”

In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, there was a special officer. department that monitored all movements of the Royal Family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR. Whether someone likes it or not, this will have to be taken into account, and, therefore, Russia’s future policy will have to be reconsidered.

Daughters Olga (lived under the name Natalia) and Tatyana were in the Diveyevo Monastery, disguised as nuns and sang in the choir of the Trinity Church. From there Tatyana moved to Krasnodar region, got married and lived in the Apsheronsky and Mostovsky districts. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solenom, Mostovsky district.

Olga, through Uzbekistan, left for Afghanistan with the Emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim Khan (1880 - 1944). From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on January 16, 1976 (11/15/2011 from the grave of V.K. Olga, Her fragrant relics were partially stolen by one demoniac, but were returned to Kazan Temple).

On October 6, 2012, her remaining relics were removed from the grave in the cemetery, added to those stolen and reburied near the Kazan Church.

The daughters of Nicholas II Maria and Anastasia (lived as Alexandra Nikolaevna Tugareva) were in the Glinsk Hermitage for some time. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married on the Tugarev farm in the Novoanninsky district. From there she moved to the station. Panfilovo, where she was buried on June 27, 1980. And her husband Vasily Evlampievich Peregudov died defending Stalingrad in January 1943. Maria moved to the Nizhny Novgorod region in the village of Arefino and was buried there on May 27, 1954.

Metropolitan John of Ladoga (Snychev, d. 1995) looked after Anastasia’s daughter Julia in Samara, and together with Archimandrite John (Maslov, d. 1991) looked after Tsarevich Alexei. Archpriest Vasily (Shvets, died 2011) looked after his daughter Olga (Natalia). The son of the youngest daughter of Nicholas II - Anastasia - Mikhail Vasilyevich Peregudov (1924 - 2001), coming from the front, worked as an architect, according to his design a railway station was built in Stalingrad-Volgograd!

Brother of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich was also able to escape from Perm right under the nose of the Cheka. At first he lived in Belogorye, and then moved to Vyritsa, where he rested in Bose in 1948.

Until 1927, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna stayed at the Tsar’s dacha (Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim Ponetaevsky Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod Region). And at the same time she visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. Alexandra Feodorovna took the name Ksenia (in honor of St. Ksenia Grigorievna of Petersburg /Petrova 1732 - 1803/).

In 1899, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna wrote a prophetic poem:

“In the solitude and silence of the monastery,

Where guardian angels fly

Far from temptation and sin

She lives, whom everyone considers dead.

Everyone thinks she already lives

In the Divine Celestial Sphere.

She steps outside the walls of the monastery,

Submissive to your increased faith!”

The Empress met with Stalin, who told Her the following: “Live quietly in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics.”

Stalin's patronage saved the Tsarina when local security officers opened criminal cases against her.

Money transfers were regularly received from France and Japan in the name of the Queen. The Empress received them and donated them to four kindergartens. This was confirmed by the former manager of the Starobelsky branch of the State Bank, Ruf Leontyevich Shpilev, and the chief accountant Klokolov.

The Empress did handicrafts, making blouses and scarves, and for making hats she was sent straws from Japan. All this was done on orders from local fashionistas.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

In 1931, the Tsarina appeared at the Starobelsky Okrot Department of the GPU and stated that she had 185,000 marks in her account in the Berlin Reichsbank, as well as $300,000 in the Chicago Bank. She allegedly wants to put all these funds at the disposal of the Soviet government, provided that it provides for her old age.

The Empress’s statement was forwarded to the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR, which instructed the so-called “Credit Bureau” to negotiate with foreign countries about receiving these deposits!

In 1942, Starobelsk was occupied, the Empress on the same day was invited to breakfast with Colonel General Kleist, who invited her to move to Berlin, to which the Empress replied with dignity: “I am Russian and I want to die in my homeland.” Then she was offered to choose any house in the city that she wanted: it was not suitable, they say, for such a person to huddle in a cramped dugout. But she refused that too.

The only thing the Queen agreed to was to use the services of German doctors. True, the city commandant still ordered to install a sign at the Empress’s home with the inscription in Russian and German: “Do not disturb Her Majesty.”

Which she was very happy about, because in her dugout behind the screen there were... wounded Soviet tankers.

The German medicine was very useful. The tankers managed to get out, and they safely crossed the front line. Taking advantage of the favor of the authorities, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna saved many prisoners of war and local residents who were threatened with reprisals.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, under the name of Xenia, lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region, from 1927 until her death in 1948. She took monastic tonsure in the name of Alexandra at the Starobelsky Holy Trinity Monastery.

Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei

Tsarevich Alexei - became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of Social. Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute. In 1938, head. department of the Leningrad regional party committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council.

Wife Klavdiya Andreevna Krivosheina (1908 - 1967) - niece of A. A. Kuznetsov. Daughter Lyudmila (1928 - 1990) was married to Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani (1928 - 2003). Son of Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani (1905 - 1966) since 1928 in the State Political Directorate of Internal Affairs of Georgia. In 1937-38 deputy Chairman of the Tbilisi City Executive Committee. In 1938, 1st deputy. People's Commissar of the NKVD of Georgia. In 1938 – 1950 beginning UNKVDUNKGBUMGB Primorsky Krai. In 1950 - 1953 beginning UMGB Kuibyshev region. Grandsons Tatyana and Alexey.

The Kosygin family was friends with the families of the writer Sholokhov, composer Khachaturian, and rocket designer Chelomey.

In 1940 – 1960 – deputy prev Council of People's Commissars - Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1941 - deputy. prev Council for the evacuation of industry to the eastern regions of the USSR. From January to July 1942 - authorized State Committee defense in besieged Leningrad. Participated in the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoye Selo. The Tsarevich walked around Ladoga on the yacht “Standard” and knew the surroundings of the Lake well, so he organized the “Road of Life” across the Lake to supply the city.

Alexey Nikolaevich created an electronics center in Zelenograd, but enemies in the Politburo did not allow him to bring this idea to fruition. And today Russia is forced to purchase household appliances and computers from all over the world.

The Sverdlovsk Region produced everything from strategic missiles to bacteriological weapons, and was filled with underground cities, hiding under the indices “Sverdlovsk-42”, and there were more than two hundred such “Sverdlovsks”.

He helped Palestine as Israel expanded its borders at the expense of Arab lands.

He implemented projects for the development of gas and oil fields in Siberia.

But the Jews, members of the Politburo, made the main line of the budget the export of crude oil and gas - instead of the export of processed products, as Kosygin (Romanov) wanted.

In 1949, during the promotion of G. M. Malenkov’s “Leningrad Affair,” Kosygin miraculously survived. During the investigation, Mikoyan, deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, “organized Kosygin’s long trip around Siberia, due to the need to strengthen cooperation activities and improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products.” Stalin agreed on this business trip with Mikoyan on time, because he was poisoned and from the beginning of August to the end of December 1950 lay in his dacha, miraculously remaining alive!

When addressing Alexei, Stalin affectionately called him “Kosyga”, since he was his nephew. Sometimes Stalin called him Tsarevich in front of everyone.

In the 60s Tsarevich Alexei, realizing the ineffectiveness of the existing system, proposed a transition from social economics to real economics. Keep records of sold, not manufactured, products as the main indicator of enterprise performance, etc. Alexey Nikolaevich Romanov normalized relations between the USSR and China during the conflict on the island. Damansky, meeting in Beijing at the airport with the Prime Minister of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai.

Alexey Nikolaevich visited the Venevsky Monastery in the Tula region and communicated with the nun Anna, who was in touch with the entire Royal family. He even once gave her a diamond ring for clear predictions. And shortly before his death he came to her, and she told him that He would die on December 18!

The death of Tsarevich Alexei coincided with the birthday of L.I. Brezhnev on December 18, 1980, and during these days the country did not know that Kosygin had died.

The ashes of the Tsarevich have been resting in the Kremlin wall since December 24, 1980!

There was no memorial service for the August Family

Until 1927, the Royal Family met on the stones of St. Seraphim of Sarov, next to the Tsar’s dacha, on the territory of the Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky Monastery. Now all that remains of the Skete is the former baptismal sanctuary. It was closed in 1927 by the NKVD. This was preceded by general searches, after which all the nuns were relocated to different monasteries in Arzamas and Ponetaevka. And icons, jewelry, bells and other property were taken to Moscow.

In the 20s - 30s. Nicholas II stayed in Diveevo at st. Arzamasskaya, 16, in the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Grashkina - schemanun Dominica (1906 - 2009).

Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and his cousin Nicholas II.

In the uniform of an officer, Nicholas II visited Stalin in the Kremlin, as confirmed by General Vatov (d. 2004), who served in Stalin’s guard.

Marshal Mannerheim, having become the President of Finland, immediately withdrew from the war, as he secretly communicated with the Emperor. And in Mannerheim’s office there hung a portrait of Nicholas II. Confessor of the Royal Family since 1912, Fr. Alexey (Kibardin, 1882 - 1964), living in Vyritsa, cared for a woman who arrived there from Finland in 1956 as a permanent resident. eldest daughter Tsar - Olga.

In Sofia after the revolution, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Highest Family, Vladyka Feofan (Bistrov), lived.

Vladyka never served a memorial service for the August Family and told his cell attendant that the Royal Family was alive! And even in April 1931 he went to Paris to meet with Tsar Nicholas II and the people who freed the Royal Family from captivity. Bishop Theophan also said that over time the Romanov Family would be restored, but through the female line.

Expertise

Head Department of Biology, Ural medical academy Oleg Makeev said: “Genetic examination after 90 years is not only complicated due to the changes that have occurred in the bone tissue, but also cannot give an absolute result even if it is carried out carefully. The methodology used in the studies already conducted is still not recognized as evidence by any court in the world.”

The foreign expert commission to investigate the fate of the Royal Family, created in 1989, chaired by Pyotr Nikolaevich Koltypin-Vallovsky, ordered a study by scientists from Stanford University and received data on the DNA discrepancy between the “Ekaterinburg remains”.

The commission provided for DNA analysis a fragment of the finger of V.K. St. Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova, whose relics are kept in the Jerusalem Church of Mary Magdalene.

« The sisters and their children should have identical mitochondrial DNA, but the results of the analysis of the remains of Elizaveta Fedorovna do not correspond to the previously published DNA of the alleged remains of Alexandra Fedorovna and her daughters,” was the conclusion of the scientists.

The experiment was carried out by an international team of scientists led by Dr. Alec Knight, a molecular taxonomist from Stanford University, with the participation of geneticists from Eastern Michigan University, Los Alamos National Laboratory with the participation of Doctor of Sciences Lev Zhivotovsky, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

After the death of an organism, the DNA begins to quickly decompose (cut) into pieces, and the more time passes, the more these parts are shortened. After 80 years, without creating special conditions, DNA segments longer than 200–300 nucleotides are not preserved. And in 1994, during analysis, a segment of 1,223 nucleotides was isolated».

Thus, Pyotr Koltypin-Vallovskoy emphasized: “ Geneticists again refuted the results of an examination carried out in 1994 in a British laboratory, on the basis of which it was concluded that the “Ekaterinburg remains” belonged to Tsar Nicholas II and his Family.».

Japanese scientists presented the Moscow Patriarchate with the results of their research regarding the “Ekaterinburg remains”.

On December 7, 2004, in the MP building, Bishop Alexander of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow Diocese, met with Dr. Tatsuo Nagai. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Forensic and Scientific Medicine at Kitazato University (Japan). Since 1987 he has been working at Kitazato University and is vice-dean of the Joint School. medical sciences, Director and Professor of the Department of Clinical Hematology and the Department of Forensic Medicine. Published 372 scientific works and made 150 presentations at international medical conferences in various countries. Member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London.

He identified the mitochondrial DNA of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II. During the assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas II in Japan in 1891, his handkerchief remained there and was applied to the wound. It turned out that the DNA structures from the cuts in 1998 in the first case differ from the DNA structure in both the second and third cases. The research team led by Dr. Nagai took a sample of dried sweat from the clothes of Nicholas II, stored in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoe Selo, and performed mitochondrial analysis on it.

In addition, a mitochondrial DNA analysis was carried out on the hair, lower jaw bone and thumbnail of V.K. Georgiy Alexandrovich, the younger brother of Nicholas II, buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. He compared DNA from bone cuts buried in 1998 in Peter and Paul Fortress, with blood samples from Emperor Nicholas II’s own nephew Tikhon Nikolaevich, as well as samples of the sweat and blood of Tsar Nicholas II himself.

Dr. Nagai's conclusions: "We obtained different results from those obtained by Drs. Peter Gill and Dr. Pavel Ivanov in five respects."

Glorification of the King

Sobchak (Finkelstein, d. 2000), while mayor of St. Petersburg, committed a monstrous crime - he issued death certificates for Nicholas II and his family members to Leonida Georgievna. He issued certificates in 1996 - without even waiting for the conclusions of Nemtsov’s “official commission”.

The “protection of the rights and legitimate interests” of the “imperial house” in Russia began in 1995 by the late Leonida Georgievna, who, on behalf of her daughter, the “head of the Russian imperial house,” applied for state registration of the deaths of members of the Imperial House killed in 1918–1919. , and issuing death certificates."

On December 1, 2005, an application was submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office for the “rehabilitation of Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family.” This application was submitted on behalf of “Princess” Maria Vladimirovna by her lawyer G. Yu. Lukyanov, who replaced Sobchak in this post.

The glorification of the Royal Family, although it took place under Ridiger (Alexy II) at the Council of Bishops, was just a cover for the “consecration” of the Temple of Solomon.

After all, only a Local Council can glorify the Tsar in the ranks of the Saints. Because the King is the exponent of the Spirit of the entire people, and not just the Priesthood. That is why the decision of the Council of Bishops in 2000 must be approved by the Local Council.

According to ancient canons, God’s saints can be glorified after healing from various ailments occurs at their graves. After this, it is checked how this or that ascetic lived. If he lived a righteous life, then healings come from God. If not, then such healings are performed by the Demon, and they will later turn into new diseases.

In order to see for yourself, you need to go to the grave of Emperor Nicholas II, in Nizhny Novgorod at the Red Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958.

The funeral service and burial of Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II was performed by the famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest Gregory (Dolbunov, d. 1996).