Pleshcheev presentation for elementary school. Report: Pleshcheev A.N. The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "Literature"
Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev (1825 - 1893) - Russian poet, writer, translator, critic. Pleshcheev's works were included in the anthology of Russian poetry, prose, and children's literature and became the basis for about a hundred romances by Russian composers.
Childhood and youth
Alexey Pleshcheev came from noble family, who by the time the future poet was born in 1825 had become impoverished. The boy, being the only son of his parents, was born in Kostroma and spent his childhood in Nizhny Novgorod. He received his primary education at home and knew three languages.
In 1843, Pleshcheev entered the Faculty of Oriental Languages at St. Petersburg University. In St. Petersburg, his social circle is developing: Dostoevsky, Goncharov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, the Maykov brothers. By 1845, Pleshcheev became acquainted with the circle of Petrashevites professing the ideas of socialism.
The poet's first collection of poems was published in 1846 and was imbued with revolutionary aspirations. The verse “Forward!” published in it. Without fear or doubt” the youth perceived it as “Russian Marseillaise”. Pleshcheev's poems of the early period are the first Russian response to events French Revolution, some of them were banned by censorship until the beginning of the twentieth century.
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The Petrashevsky circle, of which Pleshcheev was an active participant, was closed by the police in the spring of 1849. Pleshcheev and other members of the circle were imprisoned Peter and Paul Fortress. The result of the investigation was a death sentence for 21 of the 23 prisoners, involving execution.
On December 22, a mock execution took place, in last moment which the imperial decree on pardon and exile of the convicted was read out. Pleshcheev was sent as a private to the Southern Urals, near Orenburg. The poet's military service lasted 7 years; during the first years he wrote practically nothing.
For the courage shown during the Turkestan campaigns and the siege of Ak-Mosque, Pleshcheev was promoted to rank and retired. In 1859 he returned to Moscow, and from 1872 he lived in St. Petersburg.
Creativity after exile
The poet's second collection of poems was published in 1858 with Heine's prefaced words, “I was unable to sing...”. Upon returning to Moscow, Pleshcheev actively collaborated with the Sovremennik magazine and published poems in various publications in Moscow. The turn to prose dates back to this time. The stories were created (“Inheritance”, “Father and Daughter”, “Pashintsev”, “Two Careers”, etc.).
In 1859-66. Pleshcheev joined the group of leaders of Moskovsky Vestnik, directing it towards liberalism. Many critics considered Pleshcheev’s publication of the works and autobiography of T. Shevchenko, whom the poet met in exile, to be a bold political act. Poetic creativity was also politicized, for example, the poems “Prayer”, “Honest people, along the thorny road...”, “To Youth”, “False Teachers”, etc.
In the 60s, Pleshcheev fell into a depressive state. His comrades leave, the magazines where he published are closed. The titles of the poems created during this period speak eloquently about the change in the poet’s inner state: “Without hopes and expectations,” “I walked quietly along a deserted street.”
In 1872, Pleshcheev returned to St. Petersburg and headed the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, and then Severny Vestnik. Returning to a circle of like-minded people contributed to a new creative impulse.
In the last years of his life, the poet wrote a lot for children: the collections “Snowdrop”, “Grandfather’s Songs”.
Pleshcheev's pen includes translations of poems and prose by a number of foreign authors. The poet's works in dramaturgy are significant. His plays “The Happy Couple”, “Every Cloud Has a Cloud”, “The Commander” are successfully staged in theaters.
Alexey Pleshcheev died on September 26, 1893 in Paris, while there on his way to Nice for treatment. Buried in Moscow.
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PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC: “LIFE AND FATE OF A.N. PLESCHEEV” The presentation was prepared by 10th grade student Alexander Yulbarsov. I checked M.I. Nispaeva.
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BIOGRAPHY Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev was born in Kostroma on November 22 (December 4), 1825 into an impoverished noble family belonging to ancient family Pleshcheev (among the poet’s ancestors was St. Alexy of Moscow). The family honored literary traditions: there were several writers in the Pleshcheev family, including the famous late XVIII century writer S.I. Pleshcheev.
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PLESHCHEYEV'S FATHER The poet's father, Nikolai Sergeevich, served under the Olonets, Vologda and Arkhangelsk governors.
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CHILDHOOD A. N. Pleshcheev’s childhood was spent in Nizhny Novgorod:9, where since 1827 his father served as a provincial forester. After the death of Nikolai Sergeevich Pleshcheev in 1832, his mother, Elena Aleksandrovna (nee Gorskina), raised her son. Until the age of thirteen, the boy studied at home and received a good education having mastered three languages; then, at the request of his mother, he entered the St. Petersburg School of Guards Ensigns, moving to St. Petersburg. Here the future poet had to face the “stultifying and corrupting” atmosphere of the “Nicholas military clique,” which forever instilled “the most sincere antipathy” in his soul. Having lost interest in military service, Pleshcheev left the school of guards ensigns in 1843 (formally, having resigned “due to illness”) and entered St. Petersburg University in the category of oriental languages. Here Pleshcheev’s circle of acquaintances began to form: university rector P. A. Pletnev, A. A. Kraevsky, Maykovs, F. M. Dostoevsky, I. A. Goncharov, D. V. Grigorovich, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
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PLESHCHEEV'S DATING Gradually, Pleshcheev made acquaintances in literary circles (formed mainly at dinner parties in the house of A. Kraevsky). Pleshcheev sent his very first selection of poems to Pletnev, the rector of St. Petersburg University and the publisher of the Sovremennik magazine. In a letter to J. K. Grot, the latter wrote: “Have you seen poems signed by A. P-v in the Contemporary? I found out that this is our 1st year student, Pleshcheev. His talent is visible. I called him to me and caressed him. He walks through the eastern department, lives with his mother, whose only son he is”...
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LINK IN ORENBURG A.N. Pleshcheev in Orenburg region was exiled for participating in the circle of M. V. Petroshevsky in 1850. First, the poet served in Uralsk, then was transferred in 1852 to Orenburg. Pleshcheev's service in Orenburg and Iletskaya Defense continued until 1859. During the Orenburg period, the poet wrote many poems and stories “Pashintsev”, “Everyday Scenes. Father and daughter".
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AFTER THE LINK Began publishing in 1844. In the first collection, “Poems” (1846), the socialist ideals of the Petrashevites are expressed in abstract romantic images. The poems “Forward! Without fear and doubt”, “We feel like brothers, you and I” became revolutionary songs. After his exile, P. joined the revolutionary democrats and collaborated with Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski.
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CREATIVITY (1846-1890) For the 60s. The flowering of his work is declining: he published 3 collections of poems (1858, 1861, 1863), 2 volumes of “Tales and Stories” (1860). In his poems dedicated to folk life(“A boring picture”, “Native”), and in the satire on liberals the influence of N. A. Nekrasov is noticeable. Even in love and landscape lyrics P. is invaded by civic motives (“Summer Songs”). He wrote poems for children (the collection "Snowdrop", 1878).
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TRANSLATIONS BY PLESCHEYEV Translated from German (G. Heine, M. Hartmann, R. Prutz), French (V. Hugo, M. Monier), English (J. Byron, A. Tennyson, R. Southey, T. Moore), Hungarian (S. Petyofi, J. Arap), Italian (G. Leopardi) and Slavic (T. G. Shevchenko, A. Sova, V. Syrokomlya) poetry. He wrote plays close to vaudeville, critical articles, feuilletons, in which he defended and developed the aesthetics of revolutionary democrats. Many of P.'s poems were set to music ("Not a word, oh my friend..." by P. I. Tchaikovsky, "Night flew over the world" by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, etc.).
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THE LAST YEARS OF LIFE Three last year life Pleshcheev was freed from worries about earnings. In 1890, he received a huge inheritance from a Penza relative, Alexei Pavlovich Pleshcheev, and settled with his daughters in the luxurious apartments of the Parisian Mirabeau Hotel, where he invited all his literary acquaintances and generously gave them large sums of money. According to the memoirs of Z. Gippius, the poet changed only externally (having lost weight from the onset of the illness). He accepted the enormous wealth that suddenly fell on him “from the sky” with noble indifference, remaining the same simple and hospitable owner as in the small cell on Preobrazhenskaya Square" “What is this wealth to me? It’s just a joy that I was able to provide for my children, and I myself sighed a little... before I died”:101, - this is how the poetess conveyed his words. Pleshcheev himself took guests to the sights of Paris, ordered luxurious dinners in restaurants and “respectfully asked” to accept an “advance” from him for travel - a thousand rubles:101.
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Biography of Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev The work was carried out by Olga Aleksandrovna Rudikova
Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev (1825 - 1893) poet, translator, prose writer, playwright, critic
Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev was born on November 22, 1825 in Kostroma into the family of a provincial official. Father and mother belonged to the old noble nobility. However, the Pleshcheev family did not live richly. The poet spent his childhood in Nizhny Novgorod. The family's financial situation became especially difficult after the death of their father. Nevertheless, the mother managed to give her son an excellent education at home.
In 1839 in St. Petersburg he became a cadet at the School of Guards ensigns and cavalry cadets. The situation at the military school depressed him and a year later he entered the university, but two years later he left the university. During his student years, Pleshcheev's circle of acquaintances expanded significantly and his sphere of interests was determined: literary and theatrical hobbies were combined with history and political economy. He wrote poetry, and in the second half of the 40s, Pleshcheev also performed quite successfully as a prose writer. His work as a translator covered his entire creative career. He translated prose and poetry.
In 1849 he was arrested and some time later sent into exile, where he spent almost ten years in military service. Upon returning from exile, Pleshcheev continued his literary activity; Having gone through years of poverty and hardship, he became an authoritative writer, critic, publisher, and at the end of his life, a philanthropist.
The favorite poet of Russian youth of the 1840s, after exile he turns into an excellent children's poet. Children's poems will be collected by the poet in Moscow in his collection “Snowdrop”.
Contemporaries remembered Pleshcheev as an exceptionally delicate, gentle and friendly person, always ready to help a writer, especially a beginner. However, life was not easy for Pleshcheev himself: after his exile, he was under police surveillance for many years. All his life he struggled with poverty and, in order to support his family (his wife died in 1864, he later married again, and had children from both marriages), he was forced to decide to serve, without leaving his literary pursuits.
For the last three years of his life, Pleshcheev was freed from worries about earning money. In 1890, he received a huge inheritance from a Penza relative, Alexei Pavlovich Pleshcheev, and settled with his daughters in Paris. The poet contributed a significant amount to the Literary Fund and established funds named after Belinsky and Chernyshevsky to encourage talented writers.
In 1893, already seriously ill, A. N. Pleshcheev once again went to Nice for treatment and on the way, on October 8, 1893, died of apoplexy. His body was transported to Moscow and buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.
Where did Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev spend his childhood? NIZHNY NOVGOROD
3. Famous children's collection of the poet?
4. Where did Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev live after receiving the inheritance and until his death?
5. Where is the poet buried?
Sources ru.wikipedia.org/ wiki / Pleshcheev,_Alexey_Nikolaevich
Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev () was born on December 4, 1825 in Kostroma, in the family of an official who came from an old noble family. The poet's distant ancestor participated in the battle with the Tatars on the Kulikovo Field. On December 4, Alexey Pleshcheev spent his childhood in Nizhny Novgorod, studied in St. Petersburg, at the school of guards ensigns, then, leaving it, at the university, at the oriental faculty. In 1844 he published his first poems in Sovremennik, and in 1846 he published a separate collection of poems, which brought him wide fame.
Alexey Pleshcheev was part of Petrashevsky’s illegal circle, which preached socialist ideas. In particular, he delivered Belinsky’s letter to Gogol, banned by the authorities, to Petrashevsky. In April 1849, when the tsarist government crushed Petrashevsky's circle, the poet was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. On December 22, 1849, Alexei Pleshcheev, along with other Petrashevites, was brought to Semenovskaya Square for execution, which was canceled only in last minute. The poet was sentenced to four years of hard labor, which was replaced “in consideration of his youth” by exile as a private in the Orenburg Line Battalion. He received permission to enter “both capitals” and returned to literary activity after ten years as a soldier. In 1872, at the invitation of Nekrasov, he moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg, taking the position of secretary of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. On December 22, Alexey Pleshchev died in Paris (on his way to a French resort). He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Convent in front of a large crowd of young people. On the day of his funeral, Moscow newspapers received an order prohibiting any “word of praise to the late poet.”
Fourteen songs from the cycle “Sixteen Songs for Children” (1883) were created based on poems from Pleshcheev’s collection “Snowdrop”, among them such popular ones as “My Little Lizo”, “Cuckoo”. This is the original page in creative heritage Tchaikovsky, which enriched children's song music. While composing this cycle, the composer wrote to M.I. Tchaikovsky: “This work is easy and very pleasant, because I took Pleshcheev’s “Snowdrop” as the text, where there are many lovely little things.” The composer, like the poet, dearly loved children, which is why he so highly appreciated the affectionate attention that Pleshcheev showed to them, speaking to them in a simple and at the same time expressive language. Tchaikovsky carefully selected poems with a pronounced humanistic and ethical orientation from Pleshcheev’s collection, creating a song suite rich in theme and expressiveness of images. In the House-Museum of P.I. Tchaikovsky in Klin, in the composer’s library, a collection of poems by Pleshcheev “Snowdrop” has been preserved with the following dedicatory inscription by the author: “To Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as a sign of favor and gratitude for his wonderful music on my bad words. A.N. Pleshcheev February 18th St. Petersburg." In the margins of the book, where more than twenty poems were originally noted, there are musical sketches for twelve. "Sixteen Songs for Children" by M. I. Tchaikovsky
- Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev was born into the family of a poor provincial official, a representative of an old noble family, in the city of Kostroma.
- Alyosha Pleshcheev spent his childhood in Nizhny Novgorod. His mother, Elena Alexandrovna, was involved in his upbringing, who gave her son a good education at home.
- Since 1839, Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev studied at the school of guards ensigns and cavalry cadets.
- Pleshcheev’s military career was not attractive, and in 1842. he left the school, and in the fall of 1843. Entered St. Petersburg University, eastern branch Historical and Philological University.
- In 1846, the very first collection of poems made Pleshcheev famous among revolutionary youth. He was arrested in 1849 and some time later sent into exile, where he spent almost ten years in military service. Upon returning from exile, Pleshcheev continued his literary activity; Having gone through years of poverty and hardship, he became an authoritative writer, critic, publisher, and at the end of his life, a philanthropist.
- Many of the poet’s works (especially poems for children) have become textbooks and are considered classics. More than a hundred romances were written by the most famous Russian composers based on Pleshcheev’s poems.
- S.V. Kutyavina Lesson developments for literary reading. M., "VAKO", 2008
- http://images.yandex.ru
- http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki