Types of military service ranks. How to quickly understand military ranks. The procedure for deprivation and restoration of ranks

Military ranks

1. Article 46 of the Federal Law establishes the following composition of military personnel and military ranks:

Compositions of military personnel	Military ranks
	military	ship
Soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen	corporal Lance Sergeant staff Sergeant foreman	senior sailor foreman 2 articles petty officer 1st article chief petty officer chief petty officer
Ensigns and midshipmen	ensign Senior Warrant Officer	senior midshipman
junior officers	Ensign lieutenant senior lieutenant	Ensign lieutenant senior lieutenant captain-lieutenant
senior officers	lieutenant colonel Colonel	captain 3rd rank captain 2nd rank captain 1st rank
senior officers	major general lieutenant general Colonel General army General	rear admiral vice admiral fleet admiral
	Marshal Russian Federation

2. Before the military rank of a serviceman serving in a guards military unit, on a guards ship, the word “guards” is added.

The words “justice” or “medical service” are added to the military rank of a serviceman or a citizen in the reserve who has a military registration specialty of a legal or medical profile, respectively.

To the military rank of a citizen who is in the reserve or retired, the words “reserve” or “retired” are added, respectively.

3. The seniority of military ranks and composition of military personnel is determined by the sequence of their listing in Article 46 of the Federal Law: from the military rank of “private” (“sailor”) to a higher one and from the composition of “soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen” to a higher one.

Military and naval military ranks corresponding to each other are considered equal.

4. Military ranks are assigned to military personnel personally.

Military rank can be first or second.

5. The form and content of submissions, forms of other documents and orders for the assignment of military ranks, as well as the procedure for their execution and presentation (with the exception of senior officers) are established by the head federal body executive branch or federal government agency, which provides for military service.

The procedure for assigning the first military rank

1. The first military ranks are considered:

a) for “officers” - junior lieutenant, lieutenant;

b) for the composition “ensigns and midshipmen” - warrant officer, midshipman;

c) for the composition of “soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen” - private, sailor, sergeant, foreman 1st article.

2. The military rank of lieutenant is awarded to:

a) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of officer, or a serviceman who has the military rank of junior lieutenant, regardless of the term military service in this military rank, having graduated from higher or secondary military educational institution, - upon graduation from the specified educational institution;

a.1) a citizen who graduated from a federal state educational organization of higher education and completed training under the program military training in the military training center at this educational organization, - on the day following the day of issuance of the order on the completion of the specified educational organization;

b) a citizen who has successfully completed training in the military training program for reserve officers military department at a federal state educational organization of higher education and a graduate of the specified educational organization - upon enrollment in the reserve;

c) a citizen (soldier) who does not have the military rank of officer, who has higher education, related to the corresponding military specialty, and who entered military service under a contract for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;

d) a military serviceman who does not have the military rank of officer, who is undergoing military service under a contract, has a higher education related to the relevant military specialty, and is appointed to a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;

e) a citizen who is in the reserve, does not have the military rank of officer, and has a higher education - at the end of military training and after passing the relevant tests;

f) a military personnel who does not have the military rank of officer, performing military service under a contract in the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation or the Main Directorate special programs President of the Russian Federation, - in the manner determined by the heads of these bodies, upon completion of training under the training program as part of study group or simultaneously with entry into military service, subject to subsequent training during the first year of service.

3. The military rank of junior lieutenant is awarded to:

a) a military man who has completed training courses for junior officers and has a secondary general education, - upon graduation from the specified educational institution;

b) a citizen (soldier) who does not have the military rank of officer and has a secondary professional education, related to the corresponding military specialty, and who entered military service under a contract for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;

c) a military serviceman who does not have the military rank of officer, undergoing military service under a contract, having a secondary vocational education related to the relevant military specialty, and appointed to a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;

d) a citizen who is in the reserve, does not have the military rank of officer, and has a secondary vocational education - at the end of military training and after passing the relevant tests;

e) a military personnel who does not have the military rank of officer, undergoing military service under a contract in the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation or the Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation - in the manner determined by the heads of these bodies , upon completion of training under a training program as part of a training group or simultaneously with entry into military service, subject to subsequent training during the first year of service.

4. The military rank of warrant officer (midshipman) is awarded to:

a) a military personnel who has graduated from a military educational institution that trains military personnel in the military specialties of warrant officers (midshipmen) and who has a secondary general education - upon graduation from the said educational institution;

b) a citizen (military officer) who does not have the military rank of warrant officer (midshipman), who has a higher or secondary vocational education related to the relevant military specialty, and who entered military service under a contract for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of warrant officer (midshipman) ), - upon appointment to the appropriate military position;

c) a military personnel who does not have the military rank of warrant officer (midshipman), who is undergoing military service under a contract, has a higher or secondary vocational education related to the relevant military specialty, and is appointed to a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of warrant officer (midshipman), - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;

d) a military serviceman who does not have the military rank of warrant officer (midshipman), who is serving under a contract in the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Troop Service national guard of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation or the Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation, - in the manner determined by the heads of these bodies, upon completion of training under the training program as part of a training group or simultaneously with entry into military service, subject to subsequent training during the first years of service.

4.1. The military rank of sergeant (sergeant major 1st article) is awarded to:

a) a citizen who has successfully completed training in the military training program for sergeants, reserve foremen at the military department at the federal state educational organization of higher education and graduated from the federal state educational organization of higher education - when enlisting in the reserve;

b) a citizen who has successfully completed training in the military training program for sergeants, reserve foremen in a military educational organization of higher education and graduated from a federal state educational organization of higher education - when enlisting in the reserve.

5. The military rank of private is assigned to:

a) a citizen who does not have a military rank, called up for military service - upon departure from the military commissariat to the place of military service;

b) a citizen who does not have a military rank and is enlisted in the reserve - upon enlistment in the reserve;

c) a citizen who does not have a military rank and entered military service under a contract - when enrolled in the lists of personnel of a military unit;

d) a citizen who does not have a military rank, enrolled in a military educational institution - upon enrollment in the specified educational institution;

e) a citizen who has successfully completed training in the military training program for reserve soldiers at the military department at the federal state educational organization of higher education and graduated from the federal state educational organization of higher education - when enlisting in the reserve;

f) a citizen who has successfully completed training in the military training program for reserve soldiers in a military educational organization of higher education and graduated from a federal state educational organization of higher education - when enlisting in the reserve.

6. The military rank of a sailor is assigned to:

a) a serviceman called up for military service - when enlisted in the lists of personnel of a military unit where the state provides for the military rank of sailor;

b) a citizen who entered military service under a contract and does not have a military rank - when enrolled in the lists of personnel of a military unit where the state provides for the military rank of sailor;

c) a citizen who does not have a military rank, enrolled in a military educational institution - upon enrollment in the specified educational institution, where the state provides for the military rank of sailor;

d) a citizen who has successfully completed training in the military training program for reserve sailors at the military department at the federal state educational organization of higher education and graduated from the federal state educational organization of higher education - when enlisting in the reserve;

e) a citizen who has successfully completed training in the military training program for reserve sailors in a military educational organization of higher education and graduated from a federal state educational organization of higher education - when enlisting in the reserve.

7. When a citizen who is serving or has served in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, other law enforcement agencies, the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation or in the federal fire service and having a special rank (class rank of prosecutor), he may be awarded a military rank equal to his special rank ( class rank prosecutor's officer), in the order of re-certification (certification), determined by the head of the federal executive body or the federal government body that provides for military service.

The procedure for assigning the next military rank

1. The next military rank is assigned to a serviceman on the day of expiration of his military service in the previous military rank, if he occupies a military position (position) for which the state provides for a military rank equal to or higher than the military rank assigned to the serviceman.

1.1. The next military rank is not assigned to a serviceman:

a) at the disposal of the commander (chief);

b) if he is brought as an accused in a criminal case or a criminal case is initiated against him - until the termination of the criminal prosecution;

c) during the period of investigation into the fact of committing a gross disciplinary offense - before applying disciplinary action to the serviceman;

d) during the period of verification of the accuracy and completeness of information on income, expenses, property and liabilities of a property nature, compliance with the requirements for official conduct - before applying a penalty to the serviceman;

e) submitted for early dismissal from military service on the grounds provided for in subparagraphs "e" - "h", "l", "m" of paragraph 1 and subparagraphs "c" - "f.2", "h" - "l" paragraph 2 of article 51 of the Federal Law;

f) before the expiration of the period during which he is considered to have:

• disciplinary action in the form of a warning about incomplete service compliance, reduction in military rank, reduction in military rank by one step, reduction in military rank by one step with a reduction in military rank;
• disciplinary sanction applied for committing a gross disciplinary offense;

g) until the end of serving his criminal sentence in the form of restrictions on military service or arrest;

h) until his criminal record is expunged or expunged;

i) before the end of the probationary period upon his entry into military service under a contract;

j) whose military service has been suspended.

1.2. If, in accordance with the procedure established by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the right to rehabilitation is recognized for a serviceman, or if the disciplinary sanction applied to a serviceman, specified in subparagraph "e" of paragraph 1.1 of this article, was canceled (except if after the cancellation commander (chief) of the specified disciplinary sanction, he applied another disciplinary sanction from those specified in subparagraph "e" of paragraph 1.1 of this article), or if, after the investigation or inspection specified in subparagraph "c" or "d" of paragraph 1.1 of this article, the military man was not brought to justice, a military rank is assigned to a serviceman from the date of expiration of his military service in the previous military rank.

1.3. If the disciplinary sanction specified in subparagraph "e" of paragraph 1.1 of this article is withdrawn or the criminal record is cleared or expunged, the military rank is assigned to the serviceman from the day the disciplinary sanction is lifted or the criminal record is cleared or expunged.

1.4. The period of military service in the assigned military rank does not include the time of serving a criminal sentence in the form of a restriction on military service or arrest, as well as time (periods) that, in accordance with the Federal Law, is not counted in the period of military service (in the period of probation upon admission to military service). contract service).

2. For military service in the following military ranks deadlines are set:

• private, sailor - five months;
• junior sergeant, sergeant major 2 articles - one year;
• sergeant, foreman 1st article - two years;
• senior sergeant, chief petty officer - three years;
• ensign, midshipman - three years;
• junior lieutenant - two years;
• lieutenant - three years;
• senior lieutenant - three years;
• captain, captain-lieutenant - four years;
• major, captain 3rd rank - four years;
• lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank - five years.

3. The military rank of a senior officer may be assigned to a military serviceman after at least two years of his military service in the previous military rank and at least one year in the military position (position) to be filled by senior officers.

The terms of military service in the military rank of colonel general (admiral) and army general (fleet admiral) are not established.

4. The period of military service in the military rank of lieutenant for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract who have graduated from a military educational institution according to full-time studies with a five-year term and above are set at two years.

5. The period of military service of military personnel in the assigned military rank is calculated from the date of assignment of the military rank.

6. The period of military service in the assigned military rank includes the time spent in military service.

The following is counted within the specified period:

a) the time of interruption in military service in the event of unjustified prosecution of a serviceman, illegal dismissal of a serviceman from military service and his subsequent reinstatement in military service;

b) the time of suspension of military service;

c) time spent in reserve.

7. When a serviceman is appointed to the highest military position (position), at the same time, and if simultaneous registration is not possible, from the date of appointment to the highest military position (position), he is assigned the next military rank if his term of service in the previous military rank has expired, provided that that for this military position (position) the state provides a military rank equal to or higher than the military rank assigned to the military member.

In this case, the military rank of a senior officer is assigned taking into account the requirements of paragraph 3 of this article.

8. A military serviceman who has the military rank of officer and is successfully studying full-time at a military educational institution, postgraduate course, military doctoral program, the next military rank up to lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank inclusive, is assigned on the day of expiration of his military service in the assigned military rank, regardless of military position (position) that he held before entering the specified educational institution, postgraduate studies, military doctoral studies.

9. A serviceman who has the military rank of officer, who, before entering a military educational institution, postgraduate course, or military doctoral program, held a military position (position) for which the state provides for the military rank of colonel, captain 1st rank or senior officer, the next military rank up to colonel, captain 1st rank inclusive is assigned in accordance with the military position (position) held before entering the specified educational institution, postgraduate course, military doctoral program after the expiration of the length of service in the assigned military rank.

10. A serviceman may be awarded the next military rank ahead of schedule for special personal merits, but not higher than the military rank provided for by the state for the military position (position) he occupies.

11. A military serviceman whose period of military service in the assigned military rank has expired, for special personal merits, may be awarded a military rank one step higher than the military rank provided by the state for the military position he occupies, but not higher than the military rank of major or captain of the 3rd rank, and a military personnel with an academic degree and (or) academic rank holding a military position teaching worker in a military professional educational organization or a military educational organization of higher education or a researcher in a military professional educational organization, a military educational organization of higher education or scientific organization, - not higher than the military rank of colonel or captain 1st rank.

12. The military rank of corporal (senior sailor) may be awarded as an incentive for special personal merit to a military personnel holding a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of private (sailor).

13. The military rank of junior sergeant (sergeant major, article 2) is assigned to a private (sailor) holding a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of junior sergeant (sergeant major, article 2) and above, upon expiration of his military service in the previous military rank, as well as a serviceman who has successfully completed training in a military training unit under the sergeant (sergeant major) training program.

Rights of officials in conferring military ranks

1. Military ranks are assigned to military personnel:

a) senior officers - by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the head of the federal executive body or the federal government body that provides for military service;

b) colonel, captain 1st rank - the head of the federal executive body or federal government body that provides for military service;

c) other military ranks - by officials determined by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided.

The military commissar assigns to citizens called up for military service the military rank of private, and to citizens in the reserve - from private (sailor) to senior warrant officer (senior midshipman), inclusive.

Powers of officials Federal service security of the Russian Federation for the assignment of military ranks, with the exception of military ranks of senior officers, are established by the director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

1.1. The powers of officials of the military prosecutor's office and military investigative bodies of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation to assign military ranks are established by the Federal Law "On the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation" and the Federal Law of December 28, 2010 N 403-FZ "On the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation".

2. Officials have the right to assign military ranks to military personnel under their direct subordination.

A superior official enjoys all the rights to assign military ranks granted to subordinate commanders (chiefs).

3. Assignment of the first military rank of officer, military rank of officer ahead of schedule, one step higher than the military rank provided by the state for the military position held, as well as military rank to military personnel successfully studying full-time at a military educational institution, postgraduate study, military doctoral studies, up to and including colonel (captain 1st rank) is carried out by the head of the federal executive body or federal government body in which military service is provided.

Assignment of the first military rank of private (sailor) or sergeant (sergeant major 1st article) to citizens who have successfully completed training in the relevant military training programs at military departments at federal state educational organizations of higher education or in military educational organizations of higher education and graduated from federal state educational organizations higher education, is carried out by the military commissar upon enrollment in the reserve.

4. Assignment of military ranks to warrant officers (midshipmen), sergeants (foreign officers) ahead of schedule, as well as assignment of regular military ranks one step higher than the military rank provided for the occupied full-time military position: warrant officers (midshipmen) - not higher than the military rank of senior warrant officer (senior warrant officer) ), sergeants (foremen) - not higher than the military rank of sergeant major (chief ship sergeant major), - is carried out by officials who have the right to assign these military ranks.

Terms of stay in military ranks, the rights of officials to assign military ranks and the procedure for assigning military ranks to citizens in reserve

1. Citizens in the reserves may be awarded the first and subsequent military ranks, but not higher than the military rank of colonel or captain 1st rank.

2. A citizen who is in the reserve may be assigned a military rank if the specified citizen is assigned or may be assigned to a military unit (intended or may be assigned to a special formation) for conscription for military service upon mobilization to a position for which the wartime staff a military rank is provided that is equal to or higher than the military rank assigned to a citizen who is in the reserve, and the next military rank, in addition, after the expiration of the established period of stay in the previous military rank. In this case, a citizen who is in the reserve can be assigned a military rank after he has completed military training and passed the relevant tests or in the certification procedure.

3. Time limits are established for being in the reserve in the following military ranks:

a) private or sailor - five months;

b) junior sergeant or sergeant major 2 articles - one year;

c) sergeant or sergeant major 1st article - two years;

d) senior sergeant or chief sergeant - three years;

e) warrant officer or midshipman - three years;

f) junior lieutenant - two years;

g) lieutenant - three years;

h) senior lieutenant - three years;

i) captain or captain-lieutenant - four years;

j) major or captain 3rd rank - five years;

k) lieutenant colonel or captain 2nd rank - six years.

4. By decision of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, Director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation), a citizen who is in the reserve, with high professional training and extensive experience in a specialty applicable in military service, who has the military rank of officer, the period of stay in a military rank may be shortened.

5. A citizen who is in the reserves of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, if he has work experience in a specialty related to military registration, the first military rank of an officer may be assigned by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in the certification procedure:

a) having a higher education - lieutenant;

b) having secondary vocational education - junior lieutenant.

6. The next military rank of a citizen who is in the reserves of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be assigned to:

a) soldier, sailor, sergeant, sergeant major, warrant officer and midshipman:

• up to the foreman or chief petty officer inclusive - by military commissar;
• up to senior warrant officer or senior midshipman inclusive - military commissar;

b) officer:

• The paragraph became invalid on November 29, 2009. - Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 29, 2009 N 1363;
• up to colonel or captain 1st rank inclusive - by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

7. The next military rank can be assigned to a citizen who is in the reserves of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation:

a) up to and including senior lieutenant - with positive certification;

b) from captain or captain-lieutenant to colonel or captain of the 1st rank inclusive - when he undergoes military training in a position corresponding to the next military rank, and passes the corresponding tests or in the certification procedure if he has work experience in a specialty related to military registration (military service in the corresponding officer positions).

8. The procedure for conducting certification for assigning military ranks to citizens in the reserves of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is determined by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

9. A citizen deprived of a military rank is assigned the military rank of private by the military commissar, simultaneously with registration for military service.

10. Citizens who are in the reserves of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation are assigned regular military ranks in the certification procedure, taking into account the possibility of their further use in military positions.

The rights of officials to assign military ranks, the procedure for assigning military ranks and conducting certification of these citizens are determined respectively by the director of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation and the director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for reinstatement in military rank

1. A citizen who has been deprived of a military rank, after the removal or expungement of a criminal record, can be restored to his previous military rank by an official who has the right to assign this military rank, at the request of the citizen, in the presence of a positive review from the internal affairs body of the Russian Federation and a decision of the commission of the military commissariat.

2. A citizen’s application for reinstatement in military rank is considered by the military commissar no later than one month from the date of its receipt by the military commissariat.

If there are grounds for reinstating a citizen to his previous military rank, the military commissar draws up a proposal to reinstate the citizen to his military rank.

In this case, the restoration of a citizen to a military rank can be carried out by order of an official who has the right to assign this military rank, in relation to the procedure for its assignment.

3. A citizen deprived of his military rank due to an illegal conviction is restored to his previous military rank after the decision on his rehabilitation comes into force from the day of his deprivation of his military rank.

A citizen whose military rank has been restored enjoys the rights and benefits established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in accordance with the restored military rank.

Assigned to a serviceman in accordance with his official position, belonging to one or another branch of the armed forces.

The history of military ranks

In Rus', the emergence of permanent military formations was associated with the beginning of the use of firearms. Indeed, in order to learn how to use this type of weapon, frequent and regular training, as well as specific knowledge, were necessary. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Streltsy hundreds appeared in Russia, and military ranks appeared in them. The first military ranks of the Russian army were: archer, foreman, centurion. However, they were an amalgamation of military rank and position held in a military formation. Later, under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, two more titles appeared - Pentecostal and head. After this, the hierarchy of military ranks began to look like this:

1. Sagittarius.

2. Foreman.

3. Pentecostal.

4. Centurion.

5. Head.

By modern standards, a foreman can be equated to the rank of sergeant or foreman, a pentecostal to a lieutenant, a centurion, respectively, to a captain, but a head is the same as a colonel. By the way, under Boris Godunov, foreign military units - companies - already had the ranks of “captain” - captain and “lieutenant” - lieutenant, but these ranks were not used in Russian units. A to end of XVII century, during the reign of Peter the Great, the military ranks of the Russian army were replenished with the rank of half-head and colonel, the latter is still used to this day. During the same period, regiments of a foreign system were formed. Both Russians and foreign mercenaries served in them. The system of these units almost corresponded to the European ones, and the hierarchy of ranks was formed from the following ranks:

I. Soldier.

II. Cpl.

III. Ensign.

IV. Lieutenant (lieutenant).

V. Captain (captain).

VI. Quartermaster.

VII. Major.

VIII. Lieutenant colonel.

IX. Colonel.

Until 1654, the military ranks of the Tsarist Russian Army did not include the rank of general. This title was first awarded to Avram Leslie by Peter the Great for the return of the city of Smolensk. It was this king who introduced this title as an addition to the highest ranks of the state. This is how ranks appeared, etc.

Hierarchy of ranks in the early twentieth century

General (the highest military ranks of the Russian army):

General - (field marshal; lieutenant; major);

General of infantry, cavalry, etc.

Staff officers (highest military ranks of the Russian army):

Colonel;

Lieutenant colonel;

Chief officers (middle officer ranks):

Captain (captain);

Staff Captain;

Lieutenant;

Second lieutenant (cornet).

Ensigns (lower officer ranks):

Ensign, sub-ensign and ordinary ensign.

Non-commissioned officers:

Feldwebel;

Non-commissioned officer (senior, junior).

• corporal;
• private.

Military ranks in the modern Russian army (ground forces)

After the October Revolution, the establishment in the territory Russian Empire power of councils and birth Soviet army The military regulations have undergone some changes. A new hierarchy of ranks was created, which, in principle, is no different from the modern one. Below is a list including military ranks of the Russian army.

• Private and Corporal.

Junior command staff:

• Sergeant (junior, senior).
• Sergeant major.
• Ensign (senior).

Officers:

• Lieutenant (junior, senior).
• Captain.
• Major.

Officer commanding staff:

• Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel.
• General- (-major, -lieutenant, -colonel, army).

That's full list, which includes all military ranks corresponding to each rank, are shoulder insignia by which the rank of a particular serviceman can be determined.

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, two types of ranks have been established for persons undergoing military service - military and naval. IN ancient Rus' The presence of insignia and certain military units formed on a permanent basis was completely excluded. The division of the then still pitiful semblance of a standing army into separate formations took place in accordance with the number of soldiers who were in one or another formation. The principle was as follows: ten warriors - a unit called the “ten”, led by the “ten”. Then everything is in the same spirit.

The history of the emergence of military ranks in Russia

Under Ivan the Terrible, and later under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, this system underwent some changes: Streltsy hundreds appeared, and military ranks appeared in them. At that time, the hierarchy of ranks was the following list:

• Sagittarius
• foreman
• Pentecostal
• centurion
• head

Of course, between all the above ranks and the ranks that currently exist, the following analogy can be drawn: a foreman is a warrior, in our time performing the duties of a sergeant, or a foreman, a pentecostal is a lieutenant, and a centurion, respectively, is a captain.

After some time, already during the reign of Peter the Great, the hierarchical system of ranks was again transformed to the following:

• soldier
• corporal
• ensign
• lieutenant, called lieutenant
• captain (captain)
• quartermaster
• major
• lieutenant colonel
• Colonel

The year 1654 became outstanding in the history of the formation of military ranks in Russia. It was then that for the first time in the history of Russia the rank of general was awarded. Its first owner was Alexander Ulyanovich Leslie, the leader of the operation to capture and liberate Smolensk.

Categories of military ranks in the Russian Army

One of the largest political events of the 20th century that occurred in Russia, namely the October Revolution of 1917, became the last stage towards the formation of an established system of military ranks, which has not undergone any changes for a whole century.

Military ranks

1. Private. One of the first, considered the lowest military rank armed forces RF.
2. Corporal. A rank that is awarded to military personnel who are part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation for any military distinction.

1. Major.
2. Lieutenant colonel.
3. Colonel.

Ship ranks

Ship ranks can simply be listed in order of seniority (lowest to highest) due to their full correspondence with the land equivalent:

1. Sailor, senior sailor.
   
2. Foreman of the 2nd (second) article, foreman of the 1st (first) article, chief foreman, chief foreman - representatives of a group of military personnel classified as sergeants and foremen.
   
   
3. Midshipman, senior midshipman - military personnel of the group of warrant officers and midshipmen.
   
4. Junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain-lieutenant - a group of military personnel representing junior officers.
   
   
5. Captain 3 (third) rank, captain 2 (second) rank, captain 1 (first) rank - representatives of senior officers.
   
   
6. Rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, and fleet admiral are representatives of senior officers, respectively.
   

As with military ranks, the highest military rank for the navy is Marshal of the Russian Federation.

What is very noteworthy is that naval and military military ranks are also assigned to the following formations: the security forces of the Russian Federation - the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc., as well as water border formations that ensure security near coastal borders.

Colors and types of shoulder straps

Now let's turn to the shoulder straps. With them, unlike ranks, things are somewhat more complicated.

Shoulder straps are usually distinguished according to the following series of criteria:

• the color of the shoulder strap itself (different depending on the military structure);
• the order of arrangement of distinctive signs on shoulder straps (also depending on a particular military structure);
• the color of the decals themselves on the shoulder straps (similar to the points above).

There is another important criterion - the form of clothing. Accordingly, the army does not have the widest selection of clothing, which is allowed according to the regulations. More precisely, there are only three of them: everyday uniform, field uniform and dress uniform.

Shoulder straps of non-officers

Let's start with a description of the everyday uniform and the shoulder straps that come with it:

The everyday uniform of non-officers includes shoulder straps with two narrow stripes along the edges of the longitudinal part. Such shoulder straps can be seen on the shoulders of privates, non-commissioned officers, and warrant officers. All these images are presented above in the sections of military and ship ranks.

Officer's shoulder straps

Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of officers are divided into three more subtypes:

• Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of junior officers: have only one stripe running down the center along the shoulder strap itself.
• Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of senior officers: they have two longitudinal stripes, also located in the center.
• Shoulder straps for the everyday uniform of senior officers: they differ sharply from each of the previous types in that they have a special fabric relief over the entire area of ​​the shoulder strap. The edges are framed by one narrow strip. A distinctive sign is also the stars that follow strictly in one row.
• It is impossible not to include in a separate group the Marshal of the Russian Federation and the type of shoulder straps corresponding to his everyday uniform: they also have a special fabric relief, which was mentioned in the paragraph above, but are fundamentally different in color. If the shoulder straps in each of the previous paragraphs were a rectangle of dark green color, then these same ones are distinguished by their immediately striking golden color, which is quite consistent with the high-profile title of their wearer.

An interesting fact is that on February 22, 2013, the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree that on the shoulder straps of army generals and admirals of the Russian Navy there will be one star with a diameter of 40 mm instead of 4 stars in one line as before. The corresponding image is presented above.

• Non-officer field uniform: shoulder straps are regular rectangle, camouflaged as a summer taiga with a transverse (or longitudinal) stripe.
• Field uniform for junior officers: distinctive sign stars of relatively small size serve.
• Field uniform of senior officers: major, lieutenant colonel have one and two large stars on their shoulder straps, respectively, colonel - three.
• Field uniform of senior officers: all persons holding ranks in accordance with the previously announced composition have absolutely the same structure (dark green stars, strictly in a row), but shoulder straps different in the number of distinctive insignia. Just like in everyday uniforms, the General of the Army and the Marshal of the Russian Federation are distinguished by large stars

These features can be seen in more detail in the picture:

It was not long before military clothing became comfortable and practical. Initially, her beauty was valued more than the qualities mentioned a little earlier. Fortunately, when Alexandra III(third) came the understanding that rich uniforms are too expensive. It was then that practicality and convenience began to be considered the primary value.

In certain periods of time, the soldier's uniform resembled ordinary peasant attire. Even in the conditions of the already existing Red Army, little attention was paid to the fact that there was no unified military uniform. The only distinctive sign of all soldiers was a red bandage on their sleeves and hats.

Even shoulder straps managed to be replaced for some time with ordinary triangles and squares, and only in 1943 were they returned as distinctive signs.

By the way, to this day, military personnel of the Russian Federation wear a uniform that was designed by the well-known fashion designer V. Yudashkin in 2010.

If you have read the entire article and are interested in testing your knowledge, we suggest taking the test -

Both on land and on water there are military ranks, some of them are similar, but still there is a difference.

So, on land, military ranks are in the following order:

On the water, that is, in the navy, ranks are structured like this:

Sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second class, petty officer of the first class, chief ship's officer, midshipman, senior midshipman, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, lieutenant captain, captain of the third rank, captain of the second rank, captain of the first rank, rear admiral, vice admiral , admiral.

Private, in the navy this rank corresponds to a sailor, then corporal, in the navy - senior sailor; junior sergeant, in the navy, foreman of the second article; sergeant-sergeant major of the first article, senior sergeant-sergeant-sergeant; foreman - chief ship foreman; next come warrant officer, in the navy midshipman, senior warrant officers, senior midshipman. Officers: junior lieutenant - same in the navy; lieutenant - the same in the navy; senior lieutenant - the same in the navy; captain, in the navy - captain lieutenant; then follows the senior officers: major - in the navy, captain of the third rank; lieutenant colonel - in the navy, captain of the second rank; colonel - in the navy, captain of the first rank. Next comes the senior officers: major general - rear admiral in the navy; lieutenant general, vice in the navy -admiral; colonel general- admiral, and the final rank of army general. There were marshals in the USSR, but now, in my opinion, they have been abolished. Only two people had the highest rank of generallisimo: Suvorov and Stalin.

To begin with, I will say that in different countries very different ranks, it is also worth noting that the Military navy and ordinary ground forces oh, also different ranks, for example the Navy:

And now a few countries to compare ranks. The first will be military ranks of Russia



Military ranks of France



Military ranks of China



Military ranks of Germany



Military ranks of Turkey



The Army and Navy each have their own military ranks. Of course, they have a number of similarities, but they differ both in name and in the number of stars and stripes. One more difference that should be added is the guards regiments.





Private, corporal, junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant, sergeant major, warrant officer, senior warrant officer, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army general.

Military ranks should be separated for navy and land.

So, as for the ground forces, military ranks are arranged in exactly this order:

As for the distribution of ranks in order in the navy, it looks like this, from lowest to lowest:

As for the Russian Federation. Ranks are military and naval.

Warrant officers and midshipmen:

Junior officers:

Senior officers;

Marshal of the Russian Federation is the highest military rank.

A specialty is added to military ranks, if available;

Who is studying at a military institution:

In the Russian Armed Forces, military ranks are divided into military and naval. For military personnel of guards units, the prefix “guards” is added to the military rank...

Soldiers and sailors, sergeants and foremen, warrant officers and midshipmen...

http://cdn01.ru/files/users/images/a3/f2/a3f267568b55247d6afd4c69547a1792.jpg

Junior, middle, senior officers. Marshal of the Russian Federation...



In the Navy, in addition to ship military ranks, there may also be military military ranks, for example in Marine Corps, naval aviation, coastal naval forces. Ship military ranks are expressed by a white or yellow stripe on a black shoulder strap (clearance) or black gaps on a white shoulder strap, on shoulder straps with military military ranks - the gaps will be red or blue. By the way, in the Marine Corps the ship ranks are sailor and senior sailor, then military ranks...

There are military ranks and ranks of those who serve in navy, the ranks in order in the Russian army are as follows:

Rank and file:

Military ranks: private, corporal, junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant, sergeant major.

Ship ranks: sailor, senior sailor, 2nd class petty officer, 1st class petty officer, chief petty officer, chief ship sergeant major.

Warrant officers and midshipmen:

Military ranks: warrant officer, senior warrant officer

Ship ranks: midshipman, senior midshipman

Officers:

Junior officers:

Military ranks: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain;

Ship ranks: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, lieutenant captain.

Senior officers:

Military ranks: major, lieutenant colonel, colonel;

Ship ranks: captain 3rd rank, captain 2nd rank, captain 1st rank.

Senior officers:

Military ranks: major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army general; Ship ranks: rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, fleet admiral.

And of course, Marshal of the Russian Federation.

In the Army and Navy there are military ranks that are similar, but it seems to me that the ranks in the Navy are still more difficult to remember and pronounce. Military ranks on land.



Military ranks in the navy.



It should be noted that in addition to rank in the Army and Navy, position plays a big role. It happens that an officer with a higher rank is subordinate to an officer with a lower rank.

Military ranks are as follows, starting from small:

On land: private, corporal, junior sergeant, senior sergeant, warrant officer, senior warrant officer, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army general.

In the navy: sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second class, foreman of the first class, chief ship's officer, midshipman, senior midshipman, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, lieutenant captain, captain of the third rank, captain of the second rank, captain of the first rank, rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral.

In the old days there was also the title of Marshal, but it was abolished.

In the army, as in any military structure, there is a clear distinction between ranks. It is worth figuring out what rank the officer corps begins with and what it ends with. It is very important to know how to distinguish one rank from another in order to maintain subordination and clarity in relationships in the army team.

The history of the first officers

The first officers appeared under Peter the Great. After the defeat near Narva, he issued a decree on mandatory military service for the noble class. Before this, the service consisted of hired military personnel from other states. During the entire period of formation tsarist army officer ranks have undergone many changes.

But the main task of Russian officers was to protect the interests of the country in various military operations, which throughout Russian history was enough. They took part in battles from Poland to the Caucasus ridge. After a long service, the officers completed their military career in St. Petersburg or Moscow. During the existence of the officer corps, certain traditions and attitudes towards military duty have developed.

All modern officer ranks in the Russian army can be classified into different compositions:

• younger;
• eldest;
• higher.

Junior officers

Junior officers - this is the first step in an officer’s career, beginning with the rank of junior lieutenant, which can be awarded to:

1. A citizen who has vocational education and graduated from officer courses.
2. A serviceman entering service through a contract who does not have military ranks. But in this case, he must graduate from an educational institution with a military registration specialty. It is assigned upon admission to a position that requires such a title.
3. A reserve soldier after completing mandatory military training and successful completion corresponding credits.
4. Graduates of civilian universities who were trained at the military department of the educational institution.

The maximum position for this rank is platoon commander. Insignia, one small star on the shoulder straps. Nowadays, in the ranks of the Russian Armed Forces, junior lieutenant is given little credit. This is due to the fact that every year the number of military personnel serving under contract who have graduated from a higher educational institution increases, and in this case they are assigned the rank that comes next in their army career.

Lieutenant is the most common rank in the army, which is assigned upon entering service on a contract basis. It is received by military personnel who have graduated from a higher military institution.

Another option for obtaining this rank is for warrant officers who have received higher education. A young lieutenant who comes from university can be promoted to the position of head of some service. In the future, he may be promoted up the career ladder with another asterisk on his shoulder straps. Lieutenants have two stars on their shoulders.

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The next level, senior lieutenant, can be promoted to military personnel who have served more than two years in their position. He may be entrusted with the position of deputy company commander or may be entrusted with working with personnel. The senior lieutenant wears three stars on his shoulder straps.

The captain is also the representative of the junior officers. He is appointed to the position of commanding a company or may be deputy battalion commander. The captain's shoulder straps have four small stars.

Senior officers

These officers include:

• major,
• lieutenant colonel,
• Colonel.

Majors are most often the heads of certain services, battalion headquarters or commandant's office. On the major's shoulder straps there is one large star.

The next step in the army hierarchy is lieutenant colonel. This rank is usually given to deputy regiment commanders or chiefs of staff, and it is also assigned to battalion commanders. You can achieve this position at a fairly mature age. IN in rare cases retire from service at a more senior rank. The lieutenant colonel has shoulder straps with two large stars.

Colonel is the last concluding step in the senior officers. A serviceman with this rank most often holds the position of unit commander or division chief of staff. These are usually very balanced people, because in ordinary positions in the regiment this rank is the last step in their career. Higher officer ranks are given extremely rarely.

Senior officers

The composition of the highest officer ranks includes the following ranks:

• major general
• Lieutenant General,
• Colonel General,
• army General.

The rank of major general is the junior among generals. Such a soldier usually holds the position of division commander or deputy district commander. Major generals have one star of the largest size.

The district commander often has the rank of lieutenant general. It is difficult to see such servicemen in a regular unit. They serve at the district headquarters or come to the unit, then only with a check. The lieutenant general has two large stars on his shoulder straps.

Find out: What color shoulder straps do different Russian troops have, why are there letters on the shoulder straps?

Only a few manage to obtain the rank of colonel general; it is awarded to the deputy general of the army. The position involves command of military districts and constant contact with higher army ranks. Above is only the army general and commander in chief, who is the President of the country.

Many civilians have a question about why a major general is lower than a lieutenant general in the hierarchical ladder. It's all about the meaning of titles. Initially, titles were assigned in accordance with the position held. The translation of the word "lieutenant" means "assistant". Therefore, this prefix is ​​suitable for a lieutenant general, who is essentially an assistant to his leader. The meaning of the word "major" sounds like "big", he can command a district, but falls short of the next rank.

Interesting facts about officer ranks:

1. In the Russian Army, the commander-in-chief of the army has the rank of colonel. It was in this rank that V.V. Putin resigned from the FSB, but this does not prevent him from managing the highest ranks of the army.
2. In guards units, the word “guards” is added to the rank; this rule applies to all ranks, including privates.
3. According to tradition, new stars on shoulder straps should be “washed”; this officer’s ritual is invariably followed in Russian army still.

Tasks and service of officers

The main task of officers is to organize the functioning of the army in the area entrusted to his command. An officer of the RF Armed Forces must effectively solve the tasks facing him. In addition to command, an officer must be able to resolve personal issues of his subordinates. A good officer must perform highly qualified work in the position entrusted to him, and this may be work of a narrow specialty that requires specific knowledge.