In what year was Pleshcheev born and died? Biography of Alexey Pleshcheev (briefly). last years of life

Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev. Biography

(1825 - 1893), Russian poet. Born on November 22 (December 4, n.s.) in Kostroma into a noble family that belonged to an ancient family. Childhood years passed in Nizhny Novgorod, where his father served, who died early. Under the guidance of his mother, he received a good education at home.

In 1839, together with his mother, he moved to St. Petersburg, studied at the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers, then at the university, from which he left in 1845. During his student years, his interest in literature and theater, as well as history and political economy, was determined. At the same time he became close to F. Dostoevsky, N. Speshnev and Petrashevsky, whose socialist ideas he shared.

In 1844, Pleshcheev’s first poems (“Dream,” “Wanderer,” “At the Call of Friends”) appeared in Sovremennik, thanks to which he began to be perceived as a poet-fighter.

In 1846, the first collection of poems was published, which contained the extremely popular poem “Forward! Without fear and doubt...”, which was extremely popular among the Petrashevites.

In 1849, together with other Petrashevites, he was sentenced to death penalty, replaced by soldierhood, deprivation of “all rights of state” and sending to a “separate Orenburg corps as a private.”

In 1853 he took part in the assault on the Ak-Mechet fortress, was promoted to non-commissioned officer for bravery, and in May 1856 received the rank of ensign and was able to transfer to civilian service.

He got married in 1857, and in 1859, after much trouble, he obtained permission to live in Moscow, although under “the strictest supervision,” “without time.”

He actively collaborates with the Sovremennik magazine, becomes an employee and shareholder of the Moskovsky Vestnik newspaper, is published in Moskovskie Vedomosti, etc. He joins the Nekrasov school, writes poetry about folk life(“A boring picture”, “Native”, “Beggars”), about the life of the urban lower classes - “On the Street”. Impressed by the plight of Chernyshevsky, who had been in Siberian exile for five years, the poem “I feel sorry for those whose strength is dying” (1868) was written.

Pleshcheev's work was highly appreciated by progressive critics (M. Mikhailov, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, etc.).

In 1870 - 80, Pleshcheev was engaged in translations a lot: he translated T. Shevchenko, G. Heine, J. Byron, T. Moore, S. Petyofi and other poets.

As a prose writer, he appeared back in 1847 with stories in the spirit of the natural school. Later his “Tales and Stories” (1860) were published. At the end of his life he wrote the monographs “The Life and Correspondence of Proudhon” (1873), “The Life of Dickens” (1891), articles on Shakespeare, Stendal, etc.

Interest in the theater especially intensified in the 1860s, when Pleshcheev became friends with A. Ostrovsky and began writing plays himself (“What Often Happens,” “Fellow Travelers,” 1864).

In 1870 - 80 he was secretary of the editorial office of Otechestvennye zapiski, after their closure - one of the editors of Severny Vestnik.

In 1890, Pleshcheev received a huge inheritance. This allowed him to get rid of many years of struggle for existence. With this money, he provided assistance to many writers and contributed a significant amount to the literary fund, establishing funds named after Belinsky and Chernyshevsky to encourage talented writers, supported the family of the sick G. Uspensky, Nadson and others, and financed the magazine “Russian Wealth”.

Pleshcheev was the “godfather” of such aspiring writers as V. Garshin, A. Chekhov, A. Apukhtin, S. Nadson.

The musicality of Pleshcheev's poems attracted the attention of many composers: songs and romances based on his texts were written by Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Varlamov, Cui, Grechaninov, Gliere, Ippolitov-Ivanov.

Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, 2000.

Poems by the poet

Plesheev Aleksey Plesheev Career: Poet
Birth: Russia" Kostroma region" Kostroma, 11/22/1825 - 9/26
Alexey Pleshcheev - famous Russian writer, poet, translator; literary and theater critic. Born on November 22, 1825. A large number of works by Alexei Pleshcheev were included in anthologies, as well as school textbooks on literature. In addition, the poetry of Alexei Pleshcheev formed the basis for many songs and romances.

Alexey Nikolaevich - comes from an ancient noble family, in which there were few writers (including the famous writer S.I. Pleshcheev at the end of the 18th century). Pleshcheev's father was a provincial forester in Nizhny Novgorod from 1926. From 1839, Alexey lived with his mother in St. Petersburg, studied in 1840-1842 at the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers, and in 1843 entered the Faculty of History and Philosophy of St. Petersburg University in the category of Oriental Languages.

Since 1844, Pleshcheev published verses (mainly in the journals Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski, and also in the Reading Library and Literary Newspaper), varying the romantic-elegiac motifs of loneliness and sadness. Since the mid-1840s, in Pleshcheev’s poetry, dissatisfaction with life and complaints about one’s own powerlessness are pushed aside by the energy of social protest and calls for struggle (At the Call of Friends, 1945; nicknamed the Russian Marseillaise Forward! Without fear and doubt... and According to feelings, you and I are brothers , both 1846), which for a long time became a kind of anthem of revolutionary youth.

In April 1849, Pleshcheev was arrested in Moscow and taken to Peter and Paul Fortress In Petersburg; On December 22 of the same year, together with other Petrashevites, he waited on the Semyonovsky parade ground for execution, which at the final moment was replaced by 4 years of hard labor. Since 1852 in Orenburg; for distinction in the assault on the Kokand fortress Ak-Mosque, he was promoted to non-commissioned officer; from 1856 officer. During these years, Alexey Nikolaevich became close to other exiles T.G. Shevchenko, Polish rebels, and also with one of the creators of the literary mask of Kozma Prutkov A.M. Zhemchuzhnikov and revolutionary poet M.L. Mikhailov. Pleshcheev's poems from the period of exile, moving away from romantic clichés, are marked by sincerity ( love lyrics, dedicated to his future wife: When your meek, clear gaze..., My days are only clear to you..., both 1857), occasionally with notes of fatigue and doubt (Thoughts, In the steppe, Prayer). In 1857, Pleshcheev was returned to the title of hereditary nobleman.

In May 1858, the poet came to St. Petersburg, where he met N.A. Nekrasov, N.G. Chernyshevsky and N.A. Dobrolyubov. In August 1859 he settled in Moscow. He publishes a lot (including in Russian Bulletin, Vremya and Sovremennik). In 1860, Pleshcheev became a shareholder and member of the editorial board of the Moskovsky Vestnik, attracting the most prominent literary figures to cooperation. In the 1860s, Nekrasov, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Pisemsky, Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky, and actors from the Mkumachov Theater attended literary and musical evenings at his house.

In the 1870-1880s, Pleshcheev was mainly engaged in poetic translations from German, French, English and Slavic languages. He also translated (often for the first time in Russia) fiction and scientific prose. The melody of Pleshcheev’s original and translated poetry attracted the sensitivity of many composers; more than 100 of his poems were set to music. As a prose writer, Pleshcheev acted in line with the natural school, turning mainly to provincial life, denouncing bribe-takers, serf owners and the pernicious power of money. Close to the theatrical environment, Pleshcheev wrote 13 original plays, mostly lyrical and satirical comedies from provincial landowner life, small in volume, entertaining in plot, shown in the leading theaters of the country (Service, Every cloud has a silver lining, both 1860; The Happy Couple, Commander, both 1862; What often happens, Brothers, both 1864, etc.).

In the 1880s, Pleshcheev supported young writers V.M. Garshina, A.P. Chekhova, A.N. Apukhtina, I.Z. Surikova, S.Ya. Nadson; talked with D.S. Merezhkovsky, Z.N. Gippius and others.

In 1890, Pleshcheev came to the family estate near the village. Chernozerye of the Mokshansky district of the Penza province, now the Mokshansky district for accepting the inheritance, lived in Mokshan. In 1891 he donated money to help the starving people in the province. Until 1917, there was a Pleshchev scholarship at the Chernozersky School. Alexey Nikolaevich died in Paris on September 26, 1893; buried in Moscow.

Alexey Nikolaevich was born in Kostroma on November 22 (December 4), 1825, into an impoverished noble family. Alexei’s parents were very fond of literature, and writers and poets often gathered in their house, and literary evenings were held. Despite poverty, the Pleshcheevs sought to give children good upbringing and education, and Alexey grew up as a comprehensively developed child.

Until the age of thirteen, Alexey was educated at home, and then, at the request of his mother, he entered the St. Petersburg School of Guards Ensigns and moved to St. Petersburg. Here the intelligent boy encountered the corrupting and stultifying reality of the “Nikolaev military clique,” ​​which aroused in him a deep aversion to military service.

Leaving the ensign school, young Pleshcheev entered the St. Petersburg University to take a class in oriental languages. Here he met and made friends with Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky, Goncharov, Grigorovich. Thanks to this social circle, Alexey decided to devote his life to literature.

Arrest and exile

In 1847, Pleshcheev began to attend the Petrashevsky circle, which was under police control. Philosophers, writers gathered here, public figures who exchanged important information, read banned literature, and gave presentations on revolutionary topics.

In 1949, Petrashchevsky’s circle found itself under police surveillance, and its members were imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Almost all of them were sentenced to death, and only in last moment by decree of the emperor they were sent into exile in Siberia.

At first, Pleshcheev was sentenced to four years of hard labor, then he was transferred as a private to Uralsk in the Separate Orenburg Corps. In one of the military campaigns, he was promoted to rank for his courage, after which he retired. In 1859, Alexey Pleshcheev returned to Moscow, then to St. Petersburg.

Creation

In literary circles, Alexey Pleshcheev earned himself the name of a revolutionary poet, a fighter for freedom and a bright future. However, after some time, the writer moved away from liberal trends in poetry, giving preference to the romantic direction. His poems turned out to be so lyrical that subsequently more than a hundred romances were written on them by famous Russian composers. Pleshcheev did not ignore children's literature. Many of his works for children have become textbooks and are considered classics.

Personal life

There were two marriages in Pleshcheev’s biography. He got married for the first time while still a student. His chosen one was Elikonida Aleksandrovna Rudneva, who did not approve of her husband’s passion for revolutionary ideas. After Pleshcheev’s arrest, she refused to follow him into exile and filed for divorce.

Pleshcheev’s second wife was Ekaterina Mikhailovna Danilova, whom he met in exile. After moving to St. Petersburg, she was never able to get used to the noise of metropolitan life, and together with her children she moved to the family estate.

last years of life

In 1890, Alexey Pleshcheev received a large inheritance from one of his relatives. This allowed the writer not only to fully provide for his children and lead a comfortable life, but also to help talented writers and finance printed publications.

Alexey Nikolaevich died on September 26 (October 8), 1893 on the way to Nice, where he went for treatment. The cause of the writer's death was apoplexy.

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Russian writer, poet, translator; literary and theater critic.
He comes from an old noble family, which included several writers (including the famous writer S.I. Pleshcheev at the end of the 18th century). Pleshcheev's father was a provincial forester in Nizhny Novgorod from 1826. From 1839, Alexey lived with his mother in St. Petersburg, studied in 1840–1842 at the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers, and in 1843 entered the Faculty of History and Philosophy of St. Petersburg University in the category of Oriental Languages.

Since 1844, Pleshcheev published poems (mainly in the magazines Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski, as well as in the Library for Reading and Literary Newspaper), varying the romantic-elegiac motifs of loneliness and sadness. Since the mid-1840s, in Pleshcheev’s poetry, dissatisfaction with life and complaints about one’s own powerlessness have been pushed aside by the energy of social protest and calls for struggle (“At the Call of Friends,” 1945; nicknamed the “Russian Marseillaise,” “Forward! Without fear and doubt...” and “We are brothers according to feelings,” both 1846), which for a long time became a kind of anthem of revolutionary youth.

In April 1849, Pleshcheev was arrested in Moscow and taken to the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg; On December 22 of the same year, together with other Petrashevites, he waited at the Semenovsky parade ground for execution, which at the last moment was replaced by 4 years of hard labor. Since 1852 in Orenburg; for distinction in the assault on the Kokand fortress Ak-Mechet, he was promoted to non-commissioned officer; from 1856 officer. During these years, Alexey Nikolaevich became close to other exiles - T.G. Shevchenko, Polish rebels, as well as with one of the creators of the literary mask of Kozma Prutkov A.M. Zhemchuzhnikov and revolutionary poet M.L. Mikhailov. Pleshcheev’s poems from the period of exile, moving away from romantic clichés, are marked by sincerity (love lyrics dedicated to his future wife: “When your meek, clear gaze ...”, “My days are only clear for you ...”, both 1857), sometimes with notes of fatigue and doubts (“Thoughts”, “In the Steppe”, “Prayer”). In 1857, Pleshcheev was returned to the title of hereditary nobleman.

In May 1858, the poet came to St. Petersburg, where he met N.A. Nekrasov, N.G. Chernyshevsky and N.A. Dobrolyubov. In August 1859 he settled in Moscow. He publishes a lot (including in Russky Vestnik, Vremya and Sovremennik). In 1860, Pleshcheev became a shareholder and member of the editorial board of Moskovsky Vestnik, attracting the most prominent literary figures to cooperation. In the 1860s, Nekrasov, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Pisemsky, Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky, and actors from the Maly Theater attended literary and musical evenings at his house.

In the 1870–1880s, Pleshcheev was mainly engaged in poetic translations from German, French, English and Slavic languages. He also translated (often for the first time in Russia) fiction and scientific prose. The melody of Pleshcheev’s original and translated poetry attracted the attention of many composers; more than 100 of his poems were set to music. As a prose writer, Pleshcheev acted in line with the natural school, turning mainly to provincial life, denouncing bribe-takers, serf owners and the corrupting power of money. Close to the theatrical environment, Pleshcheev wrote 13 original plays, mostly lyrical and satirical comedies from provincial landowner life, small in volume, entertaining in plot, shown in the leading theaters of the country (“Service”, “Every cloud has a cloud”, both 1860 ; “The Happy Couple”, “The Commander”, both 1862; “What often happens”, “Brothers”, both 1864, etc.).

In the 1880s, Pleshcheev supported young writers - V.M. Garshina, A.P. Chekhova, A.N. Apukhtina, I.Z. Surikova, S.Ya. Nadson; talked with D.S. Merezhkovsky, Z.N. Gippius and others.

In 1890, Pleshcheev came to the family estate near the village. Chernozerye of the Mokshansky district of the Penza province, now the Mokshansky district for accepting the inheritance, lived in Mokshan. In 1891 he donated money to help the starving people of the province. Until 1917, there was a Pleshchev scholarship at the Chernozersky School. Alexey Nikolaevich died in Paris on September 26, 1893; buried in Moscow.

Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev (1825-1893) - Russian writer, poet, translator; literary and theater critic.
Born on December 4, 1825 in Kostroma, in the family of an official who came from an old noble family. The poet’s distant ancestor took part in the battle with the Tatars on the Kulikovo Field.
Alexey Pleshcheev spent his childhood in Nizhny Novgorod, studied in St. Petersburg, at the school of guards ensigns, then, leaving it, at the university, at the oriental faculty. In 1844 he published his first poems in Sovremennik, and in 1846 he published a separate collection of poems, which brought him wide fame.
Alexey Pleshcheev was part of Petrashevsky’s illegal circle, which preached socialist ideas. In particular, he delivered Belinsky’s letter to Gogol, banned by the authorities, to Petrashevsky. In April 1849, when the tsarist government crushed Petrashevsky's circle, the poet was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
On December 22, 1849, Alexei Pleshcheev, along with other Petrashevites, was brought to Semenovskaya Square for execution, which was canceled only in last minute. The poet was sentenced to four years of hard labor, which was replaced “in consideration of his youth” by exile as a private in the Orenburg Line Battalion. He received permission to enter "both capitals" and returned to literary activity after ten years of soldiering. In 1872, at the invitation of Nekrasov, he moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg, taking the position of secretary of the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski and heading its poetry department. After the closure of Otechestvennye Zapiski, Pleshcheev headed the same department at Severny Vestnik.
Alexey Pleshcheev died in 1893 in Paris on his way to a French resort. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Convent in front of a large crowd of young people. On the day of his funeral, Moscow newspapers received an order prohibiting any “word of praise to the late poet.”