Forms of organization of training in technical work. Technology. Technical work: Sample program of basic general education
Lesson objectives:
- Summarize and review with students the sections on creating wood and metal products.
- Consolidate the rules safe work In workshop.
- Cultivate accuracy and attentiveness in work.
Lesson objectives:
- Develop technical thinking.
- Develop independence, determination, and hard work.
- Expand students' horizons when summarizing the material covered.
- Encourage students to work in teams.
Lesson type: problem-developmental.
Form of work: group
Teaching methods: problem presentation, partial search, knowledge control.
Interdisciplinary connections: mathematics, literature, natural history.
Decor- On the desk:
- Poster "Brain Ring"
- Poster with a painted tree
The stages of the quiz are written out:
- Forest and industry
- Drawing is the language of technology
- Machines and mechanisms
- Metals in industry
- Hello, I need help.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organizing time
Checking students' readiness for the lesson. Mark those who are absent.
Teacher. In 5th grade, you were introduced to wood and metal as common structural materials. In 6th grade we continued to get acquainted with these materials. And today in class we will summarize the knowledge gained on the topics covered: 1. Technology for creating wood products 2. Technology for creating metal products.
Lead student:(approaches the tree on the board) More than 100 different species of trees grow in the forests of our country. All tree species are divided into coniferous and deciduous. The texture of hardwood wood is more varied and beautiful. Therefore, today in the lesson we will try to dress a tree while answering questions.
Teacher. To make it more interesting, we will divide into two teams: green and yellow (4 people per team). In order to dress a tree, what do we need?
Student answers: Knowledge, intelligence, skills.
1st round: FOREST AND INDUSTRY.
1. What does the forestry industry do? (Divided into forestry enterprises and forest districts. Forestry enterprises organize and carry out the necessary cutting of forests. Forest districts are in charge of protecting and growing forests)
2. How do we preserve nature when harvesting wood? (The age of the wood is 80 or 120 years. It is called ripe. New seedlings are planted)
3. The nature around us is protected by laws, list these laws. (Land. Water, Forest)
4. Name the main types of lumber. (Boards, beams)
5. What are wood defects called? (Deviations from its normal structure, appearance, as well as damage)
Leading:
Dressed in rough aprons -
Don’t ask anyone in the village -
Forever my great-grandfathers and grandfathers -
They were carpenters in Rus'.Haven't I been looking at them since childhood?
The sons took the ax in their hands.
That's why uncle's masters
It is still listed in the area.Will we ever forget
What the genealogy lived with,
If they brought a grain of happiness to people
The sigh of the saw and the turn of the drill.Let another time come.
The age of power saws is your time!
Electric saws were just born
From a simple saw and ax...
Teacher: What genre does this passage belong to? (Poem)
– What profession are we talking about? (A carpenter)
– What instruments are mentioned in the passage?
You already know that to make any product you need to know its structure, the shape and size of the parts, the material from which they are made, and how the parts are connected to each other. We learned all this information from the language of technology - drawing.
Round 2: DRAWING – LANGUAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
1. What is shown on the assembly drawing? (Only those types by which the design of the product can be determined)
2. How to read Assembly drawing? (First, study the content of the main inscription, the name of the product, the scale of the image, the purpose and principle of operation of the product)
3. What is written on the route map? (The sequence of work performed during the manufacture of a product)
4. What does the specification contain? (List of product features)
5. Why are models made? (To understand the structure of the product and the principle of operation)
Teacher: The second round is over, I propose to play the game “The Smartest” with the fans. Team members can also participate. Each correct answer earns a token.
Leading:
1. Without pencil and paper, divide 30 by 1/2 and add 10. (70)
2. Which object, contrary to the law of universal gravitation, the heavier it is, the easier it is to handle? (Wallet)
3. 5 light bulbs were on, three light bulbs were turned off. How many light bulbs are left? (5)
4. How many ends do three sticks have? (6)
5. What key cannot be used to unscrew the nut? (Rodnikov)
6. Which wheel of the car does not spin? (Spare).
Teacher: The last question was about the car. We also studied the components of machines and a lathe for turning wood.
Round 3: MACHINES AND MECHANISMS
1. What is the engine used in a car? (To convert energy into mechanical)
2. What are wood lathes used for? (For the manufacture of wooden products with a circular cross-section)
3. What is done to the product before dyeing? (Dry)
4. What tools are used for turning on a lathe when processing wood? (Chisels, sanding blocks)
5. How do you paint the product? (Brush, roller)
Leading: In the Stone Age (5-6 thousand years BC), people used copper, gold, silver, and meteoric iron to make jewelry and simple tools. Gradually, man began to smelt metal from ore and mastered the processes of smelting, hot forging and casting. The range of products expanded significantly, since it was possible to obtain metal of a wide variety of properties.
Teacher: Let's start round 4.
Round 4: METALS IN INDUSTRY
1. What is an alloy? (Mixing two or more metals in a molten state)
2. What alloys are classified as ferrous? (Steel, cast iron).
3. For what purpose is a cut made on the workpiece at the cutting site with a triangular file? (So that the canvas does not slip on its surface)
4. Name files based on their cross-sectional shape? (Flat, semicircular, square, triangular, round, knife, rhombic)
Teacher: It must be remembered that faulty tools and violation of safe working practices can lead to an accident.
Round 5: HELLO, HELP NEEDED
1. You cut your hand, what are your actions?
2. Having violated safety regulations, Ivanov bruised his hand, how can I help him?
3. What should you do if, when working on a lathe, a sweater sleeve gets caught in the flywheel?
4. Chips got into the eye. Your actions?
5. While working with a burner, student Petrov got distracted and burned his hand. First aid?
Teacher: Our quiz game has come to an end, we have repeated the sections on wood and metal processing. Once again we remembered the rules of first aid. Let's summarize.
(Summing up - green, yellow)
- As the saying goes "The master's work is afraid", and mastery requires not only skills, but also intelligence. The mind must be nourished, there is such a proverb among the people "Sugar is food for the mind". Let us nourish our minds with sweets. (Awarding of participants).
Used Books: textbook for 6th grade students of general education institutions (option for boys) Edited by V. D. Simonenko, Moscow Publishing house. Ventana-Graf Center 2008
SAMPLE PROGRAM OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION in the direction of “TECHNOLOGY. TECHNICAL WORK" EXPLANATORY NOTE Document status Sample program in the direction of "Technology. Technical work" is compiled on the basis of the federal component state standard main general education. The sample program allows all participants educational process get an idea of the goals, content, general strategy of teaching, educating and developing students using the means of a given academic subject, specifies the content of subject topics of the educational standard, gives an approximate distribution of teaching hours by sections of the course and the recommended sequence of studying topics and sections of the academic subject, taking into account interdisciplinary and intra-subject connections, logic, educational process age characteristics students. The sample program is a guideline for compiling copyright curricula and textbooks (can be used for thematic planning course teacher). At the same time, the authors of curricula and textbooks can offer their own approach in terms of structuring educational material, determining the sequence of studying this material, the distribution of hours by sections and topics, as well as ways to form a system of knowledge, skills and methods of activity, development and socialization of students. Thus, the exemplary program contributes to the preservation of a unified educational space without hindering the creative initiative of teachers, and provides ample opportunities for the implementation of various approaches to building training course taking into account the individual abilities and needs of students, the material base of educational institutions, local socio-economic conditions and national traditions. Document structure The sample program includes three sections:“Technology” in the general education system is the formation of a schoolchild’s labor and technological culture, a system of technological knowledge and skills, the cultivation of labor, civic and patriotic qualities of his personality, their professional self-determination in the conditions of the labor market, the formation of a humanistically oriented worldview. The educational field “Technology” is a necessary component of the general education of schoolchildren, providing them with the opportunity to apply knowledge of the fundamentals of science in practice. In the basic school, “Technology” is studied from the 5th to the 8th grade of this level of education. The lack of technology in the federal component according to the new Basic curriculum in the 9th grade does not allow for the continuity of the transition of students from basic to specialized, vocational education, labor activity and continuous self-education. To ensure the continuity of technological training in the system of general and vocational education, it is advisable to additionally allocate from the regional component and the educational institution component an additional one hour per week in the 8th grade and 2 hours per week in the 9th grade. At the same time, national and regional features of the content can be represented in the program by corresponding technologies, types and objects of labor. Teaching schoolchildren technology is based on mastering specific processes of transformation and use of materials, energy, information, natural and social environment. In order to take into account the interests and inclinations of students, the capabilities of educational institutions, and local socio-economic conditions, the mandatory minimum content of basic educational programs is studied within one of three areas: “Technology. Technical work", "Technology. Service labor", "Technology. Agricultural labor (agricultural technologies)". 1 Regardless of the technologies studied, the content of the program in the direction of “Technology. Technical Labor" provides for the study of material along the following cross-cutting educational lines: culture and aesthetics of labor;; history, prospects and social consequences of the development of technology and engineering. Basic for the program in the direction of “Technology. Technical work” is the section “Creation of products from structural and ornamental materials”. The program also necessarily includes sections “Electrical work”, “House management technologies”, “Drawing and graphics”, “Modern production and professional education" Based on the need to take into account the needs of the student’s personality, his family and society, and the achievements of pedagogical science, specific educational material for inclusion in the program should be selected taking into account the following provisions: the prevalence of the technologies being studied in the sphere of production, service and households and their reflection modern scientific and technical achievements; the opportunity to master the content based on the inclusion of students in various types of technological activities that have a practical orientation; selection of objects of creative and transformative activity based on the study of social, group or individual needs; . When organizing creative or project activities for students, it is very important to focus their attention on the consumer purpose of the product that they put forward as a creative idea. They must have a set of tools, instruments, machines and equipment recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. the possibility of implementing general labor, polytechnic and practical training, visual representation of methods and means of implementing technological processes; home-made electrified devices and devices designed for voltages of more than 42 V. The integrative nature of the content of technology education involves building the educational process based on the use of interdisciplinary connections. These are connections with algebra and geometry when carrying out calculations and graphical operations, with chemistry when characterizing the properties of materials, with physics when studying the structure and principles of operation of machines and mechanisms, modern technologies, with history and art when mastering the technologies of traditional crafts. Features of the implementation of an exemplary program in the direction “Technology. Technical work" in a rural school In a rural school, both industrial and agricultural production technologies are traditionally studied. For students of such schools, taking into account the seasonality of work in agriculture, combined programs are created, including sections on agricultural technologies, as well as basic and invariant sections on technical labor technologies. A comprehensive curriculum in a particular school is drawn up taking into account the seasonality of agricultural work in a given region. Due to the redistribution of time between these sections in combined programs, the volume and complexity of practical work in the content sections of technical labor while maintaining all the components of the minimum content of technology training. Comprehensively for combined programs, it is planned to master the section “Modern production and vocational education” and project activities of students. It is advisable that the topics creative works and projects of students from rural schools were of a combined nature, combining technologies of technical and agricultural labor., the corresponding work can be replaced by electrical work with electric drives and electromechanical automation of agricultural production equipment. Goals The study of technology in primary school is aimed at achieving the following goals: mastering technological knowledge, the foundations of a culture of creative work, ideas about technological culture based on the inclusion of students in various types of work activities to create personally or socially significant products; mastering general labor and special skills necessary for searching and using technological information, designing and creating labor products, housekeeping, independent and conscious determination of one’s life and professional plans; safe work practices; development of cognitive interests, technical thinking, spatial imagination, intellectual, creative, communication and organizational abilities; implementation of the program. General educational abilities, skills and methods of activity The sample program provides for the formation of general educational abilities and skills, universal methods of activity and key competencies in students. At the same time, the priority types of general educational activities for all areas of the educational field “Technology” at the stage of basic general education are: Determination of adequate ways to solve an educational problem based on given algorithms. Combining known activity algorithms in situations that do not require the standard use of one of them. Creative solution of educational and practical problems: the ability to motivatedly refuse a model, look for original solutions; self-execution various creative works; participation in project activities. Giving examples, selecting arguments, formulating conclusions. Reflection in oral or written form the results of your activities., aesthetic values. Learning outcomes Learning outcomes are presented in the Requirements for the level of training and contain three components: know/understand - a list of knowledge necessary for each student to master; be able to - mastery of specific skills in practical activities, as well as a component that includes knowledge and skills focused on solving various life problems. The learning outcomes are formulated in the requirements in a generalized form and are invariant with respect to the direction of students’ technological training. CLASSES 5-9 – 245 (350) hours Sections and topics Number of hours class 5 6 7 8 9 CREATION OF PRODUCTS FROM STRUCTURAL AND CRAFTS 36 36 36 14(4) MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATION OF PRODUCTS FROM WOOD AND CRAFTS 16 16 16 ALOV BASED ON DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION Technologies for the manufacture of products from flat parts 16 Technologies for the manufacture of products using parts 16 of prismatic and cylindrical shapes Technologies for the manufacture of products using complex connections 16 TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATION OF PRODUCTS FROM METAL BASED 16 16 16 SKY AND TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION Technologies for the manufacture of products from thin-sheet metal 16 and wire Technologies for the manufacture of products from rolled products 16 Technologies for the manufacture of products using 16 turned parts MACHINES AND MECHANISMS. GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION AND 4 4 4 2(2) MODELING Mechanisms of technological machines 4 Assembling models of technological machines 4 from designer parts according to sketches and drawings Assembling models of mechanical automation devices according to sketches and drawings 4 Complex mechanisms 2(2) DECORATIVE AND APPLIED CREATIVITY 12 (2) Manufacturing of products for decorative and applied purposes. 12(2) ELECTRICAL WORK. 7 7 9 3(2) (8) Electrical installation work 3 3 The simplest electrical circuits with a galvanic current source 4 Devices with an electromagnet 4 Devices with automatic elements 9 Electric drive 3(2) Simple electronic devices (8) HOME MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES. 4 4 4 12 (6) (9) Minor repairs and care of clothes and shoes 4 Aesthetics and ecology of the home 4 4 Family budget. Rational cost planning. 4(2) Repair and finishing work in the house 4(2) Repair of elements of water supply and sewerage systems. 4(2) Introduction to entrepreneurship (9) DRAWING AND GRAPHICS (32) 5 Sections and topics Number of hours class 5 6 7 8 9 Techniques for making drawings and rules for their design (4) Geometric constructions (2) Reading and execution of drawings, sketches and diagrams (10) Sections and sections (4) Assembly drawings (8) Applied graphics (4) MODERN PRODUCTION AND PROFESSIONAL 4 (4) (6) EDUCATION Spheres of production and division of labor 2 (2) (2) Vocational education and professional career 2(2) (4) CREATIVE, PROJECT ACTIVITY 16 16 14 0(16) (8) STUDY TIME RESERVE 7 7 7 4 (3) (7) TOTAL 70 70 70 35 (35) (70) Note: in parentheses, Italics indicate the missing training time required to master the relevant technologies; The missing instructional time for technology study can be allocated from the hours of the educational institution component or the national-regional component of the Core Curriculum. For rural schools, creative and project activities are carried out in a comprehensive manner using a combination of agricultural technologies and technical labor technologies. The expected learning outcomes for this sample program in the most general form can be formulated as mastery of labor and technological knowledge and skills in the transformation and use of materials, energy, information necessary to create labor products in accordance with their intended functional and aesthetic properties; the ability to navigate the world of professions, assess their professional interests and tend to ∗ In the VIII grade, 1 hour per week of the educational subject “Technology” was transferred to organize students’ study of the content of local history education in the regional (national-regional) component. 2 hours of the educational subject “Technology” in grade IX were transferred to the component of the educational institution to organize pre-profile training for students.: color, texture. Identification of natural defects in wood materials and workpieces. Determination of types of wood materials by external characteristics. 6 Reading a drawing of a flat part: determining the material of manufacture, shape, dimensions of the part, structural elements. Determination of the sequence of manufacturing a part according to the technological map. using a ruler and a carpenter's square; sawing workpieces with a hacksaw; marking workpieces with a curved contour according to a template; cutting out with a jigsaw along the external and internal contours; drilling technological holes, processing the edge of the workpiece with files and abrasive sandpaper; using a ruler, square, templates to control the quality of the product; connecting product parts using glue and nails; protective and decorative finishing of the product; identifying defects and eliminating them; compliance with labor safety rules when using hand tools and workbench equipment. Cleaning the workplace. Determining the sequence of manufacturing a part according to the technological map. Organization of the workplace: rational placement of tools and workpieces; installation and fastening of workpieces in workbench clamps; familiarization with rational techniques for working with hand tools (measuring ruler, carpenter's square, hacksaw, file, jigsaw, abrasive paper, hammer, pliers). Manufacturing of flat parts according to drawings and technological maps: correlation of the dimensions of the workpiece and the part; marking the workpiece taking into account the direction of the fibers and the presence of material defects; determining the base angle of the workpiece; marking the workpieces correctly geometric shape. Assembling models of mechanisms from parts of a “Designer-mechanic” type designer. Model checking in action. Quantitative measurements of gear ratios in mechanisms. Objects of labor Designer, equipment mechanisms for school workshops. Electrical work (7 hours) Electrical installation work (3 hour) Basic theoretical information Organization of a workplace for performing electrical installation work. Types of wires. Tools for electrical installation work. Installation products. Techniques for installing installation products. Rules for safe work with electrical installations and when performing electrical installation work. Professions related to electrical installation work. Practical work Electrical installation work: familiarization with the types and methods of using electrical installation tools; performing mechanical termination, connection and branching of wires. Connecting wires to an electric cartridge, switch, socket. Testing connections in simple electrical circuits with a probe. Variants of labor objects Wires, electrical installation products. The simplest electrical circuits with a galvanic current source (4 hours) Basic theoretical information General concept about electric current , voltage and resistance. Types of current sources and receivers of electrical energy. Conventional graphic symbols on electrical diagrams. The concept of electrical circuit and its principle diagram. floor coverings and lacquered furniture, their minor repairs. Cleaning products for sinks and dishes. Furniture care products. Selection and use of modern clothing and footwear care products. Methods for removing stains from clothing and upholstery. Selection of technologies for long-term storage of clothing and shoes. Window care. Methods for insulating windows in winter. Modern household appliances that make household work easier. Professions in the field of service and service. Practical work Performing minor repairs of shoes and furniture. Removing stains from clothing and upholstery. Options for labor objects Furniture, outerwear, shoes. Tools for 8 Practical work Reading a simple electrical diagram. Assembling an electrical circuit from construction kit parts with a galvanic current source. Checking the operation of the chain with various options for its assembly. Options for labor objects Models of low-voltage lighting and signaling devices. . Basic technological operations and features of their implementation: marking, sawing, chiseling, drilling holes; assembly of product parts, quality control; carpentry and decorative finishing of products. Occupational safety rules when working with hand carpentry tools and on a drilling machine. Compliance with rational work practices when manufacturing products on a wood lathe.
Housekeeping technologies (4 hours) Minor repairs and care of clothes and shoes (4 hours) Basic theoretical information Care various types assembly work
Students must know:;
for technical work:
Name and purpose of hand tools, devices,
provided by the program
Occupational safety rules when working with hand tools
volume;
Rules for marking using templates, rulers, squares;
Techniques for working with a subject instruction card;
Rules for designating dimensions on a sketch;
Processing methods for various materials provided program;;
Rules for performing application work;
Name and purpose
transport vehicles
Rules for caring for indoor plants (watering, loosening
soil);
Rules for planting (sowing) agricultural plants.
Students must be able to:
assembly work
Organize workplace(select and place mate
rials and tools at the workplace, save materials, with
observe occupational hygiene and safety);
Accept the goal and maintain it until the end of the work;
Plan subject-practical activities (work
with an operating plan; analyze the sample on teaching questions
body and independently; draw up a short plan, a story about the implementation
personal work; work according to the model and drawing; done correctly
learn the studied technological operations for all types of labor);
Carry out step-by-step and final self-control;
Evaluate work;
for agricultural labor:
Organize work (follow safety rules
yes during agricultural work);
Care for indoor plants (watering, removing dry
leaves and branches, loosening the soil);
Prepare and sow seeds in the ground.
Ill class(64 hours) 3
Agricultural labor(10 hours)
Autumn work (5 hours)
Rules for collecting seeds and methods for storing them. Harvest. Autumn tillage. Occupational safety rules when working with rakes and shovels.
Practical work. Types of work on the school site. Collection of plant seeds grown on the plot of the training and experimental site. Preparing the soil on the plot, cleaning the training and experimental site from plant residues, digging the soil. Working with natural materials (organizing drying). Making crafts (birds and animals) from natural materials based on fairy tales of the peoples of the world. "Autumn Bouquet".
Spring work and work V class (5 hours)
Information on agricultural labor. Rules for occupational safety and personal hygiene. Rules for propagating indoor plants by cuttings and caring for them. Introduction to the seeds of root crops (radish, beets, carrots) and annual flowering and ornamental plants (lupine). Preparing seeds for sowing (sorting, checking for germination, soaking). Getting to know people's work and professions in agricultural production.
Practical work. Sowing dates, their influence on the yield of root crops. Sowing seeds of root crops and floral and ornamental plants in the ground. Cultivated plants, their difference from weeds. Watering, loosening, weeding, thinning, planting seedlings. Preparation for planting cuttings of berry crops (currants), digging and marking the plot, planting cuttings. Caring for planted cuttings.
Technical labor(30 h)
Processing of paper and cardboard (16 h)
Main technological stages of paper production. Paper properties. Types of cardboard
1 Based on 2 hours per week.
properties and purpose (strength, thickness, relationship to moisture). Rules for reading a sketch, putting dimensions on a sketch. Folding paper and cardboard along the marking lines, cutting with a knife using a folding ruler. Manufacturing of flat and volumetric products. Connecting parts different ways(glue, thread, soft wire). Pasting cardboard with colored paper.
Approximate list of products. Application based on the story by I.S. Sokolov-Mikitov "Leaf Faller." Application "Gold autumn". "Swans"(origami based on a story by L.N. Tolstoy). Applique using cardboard lace “Fairytale Palace”, “My four-legged friend”. Production of manuals for mathematics lessons. Production of manuals for Russian language lessons. Volumetric composition based on a story by K. Paustovsky "Badger Nose" Origami (based on stories about animals). Foil embossing. "Aquarium"(group work). Making a puppet theater (team work). "My favorite book". "Lotto". Games (puzzles).
Technical Modeling(14 hours)
Technical and technological information. Technical information about transport devices and machines, their purpose and application. Techniques for assembling models of technical devices, machines, etc. from designer parts.
Production of technical toys, models and layouts based on samples, drawings, sketches and according to students’ own ideas. Demonstration of technical toys in action, their regulation. Making models from semi-finished products. Improving material processing techniques.
Approximate list of products. Manufacturing a machine with a lift. Manufacturing of agricultural machinery. Layout "Airport". Ships. My apartment. Fairy tale heroes "Gray Neck"(from semi-finished products). New Year's toys. At the circus (“Clown”, “Monkey”). Flying and floating technical toys (from construction kits).
Household labor(8 hours)
Fabric processing (6 hours)
Technical and technological information. Properties of fabrics of animal origin (silk, wool). Making a pattern (based on a sample, sketch, instruction card). Types of stitches and seams:
“stitch”, “stalk”, “tambourine”, execution technique and purpose. Methods for connecting product parts. Embroidery.
Approximate list of products. Marking fabric folded in half and cutting it out ("Towel"). "The Pincushion". Soft toys based on fairy tales by A.S. Pushkin (“Swan”, “Squirrel”). Application (based on the fables of I.A. Krylov). Application based on Tolstoy's story "Lion and Dog"
Clothes care (2 hours)
Clothes repair (sewing buttons, hooks and loops). Types of patches.
Basics of artistic processing of various materials(16 hours)
Technical and technological information. Familiarization with tools for processing soft wire (nippers, pliers, round nose pliers, file, hammer). Purpose of tools, methods of working with them, labor safety. Technology for processing various materials (finishing clay products, stylization techniques in modeling, preparing fabric for painting, techniques for processing eggshells, wood processing, etc.). Rules for applying and removing a stencil, painting a picture using stencils. Methods for connecting parts.
Approximate list of products. Application based on a story by M. Gorky "Sparrow"(materials: pen, cardboard, colored paper). "Forest Animals"(Kinder Surprise capsules, marker caps, feathers, wire, plasticine). Application based on the fairy tale by A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel." Napkin stand (materials: cardboard, twine, fabric). "Bouquet for Mom"(burlap, colored paper, twine, wire). Application based on a story by M. Prishvin "Guys and Ducklings"(feather, cardboard, colored paper, sand). Application based on a story by K. Paustovsky "Hare's feet." "Funny masks"(fabric, colored cardboard). Application based on the story by V. Bianchi "Owl". "Spaceship". First flowers (beads, fabric, wire). Messengers of spring (materials: plasticine, feather). Application based on a poem by N. Nekrasov “Grandfather Mazai and the hares*(materials: colored paper, cardboard, pen).
Developed by technology teacher
(technical labor)
MBOU secondary school No. 20
village Bryukhovetskaya Krasnodar region
PROSKURA EKATERINA EVGENIEVNA
What is the name of the profession of a worker engaged in manual processing of wood?
a) carpenter;
b) sawyer;
c) turner
d) mechanic
2. How is a wood processing workplace equipped?
a) carpentry workbench;
b) paints and varnishes;
c) chair;
d) workpiece.
3. What is not used to secure workpieces on a workbench?
a) side clamp;
b) wedge;
c) tray;
d) rotary pins.
4. What are retractable and pivoting pins used for?
a) to adjust the height of the workbench;
b) for supporting long workpieces during planing;
c) to support workpieces during planing.
5. What are the purposes of the front and rear clamp?
a) to secure workpieces;
b) for convenient fixation of drawings and sketches;
c) to secure the tool.
6. In the subject “Technology” the following are studied:
a) car production technologies;
b) technologies for creating medical instruments;
c) technologies for converting materials, energy, information;
d) technologies for creating aircraft and spacecraft.
7. Which type of wood is not coniferous?
a) pine;
b) cedar;
c) fir;
d) alder.
8. Which type of wood has a white color with a reddish tint and a weak texture? It is hard and viscous, but rots quickly.
a) birch;
b) oak;
c) aspen;
d) larch.
9. What is veneer?
a) pressed linden from wood steamed and crushed to the smallest fibers;
b) sheets obtained by pressing sawdust, shavings and wood dust;
c) a thin layer of wood obtained by planing or peeling.
10. What is plywood?
a) lumber with a thickness of less than 100 mm and a width of less than twice the length;
b) lumber consisting of three or more layers of peeled veneer;
c) lumber obtained by longitudinally sawing a log in half.
11. What is a drawing?
a) a graphic image made by hand, indicating dimensions and observing proportions by eye;
b) a graphic image made according to the rules of drawing using drawing tools;
c) three-dimensional image made by hand.
12. Specify the magnification scale?
a) 1:2;
b) 1:1;
at 21.
13. Which line indicates the axes of symmetry and the centers of the holes?
a) a solid thick line;
b) dashed line
c) dash-dotted line with two dots;
d) dash-dotted line.
a) determine which lines are used for execution;
b) determine the name, scale, number of types, size, shape and material;
c) determine the order of manufacture of the part.
15. What is indicated in the technological map?
a) sequence of operations, graphic representation, tools and devices used;
b) a system that determines the order and timing of product manufacturing;
c) part of the production process for turning a workpiece into a part.
16. The contour of the part in the drawings is performed:
a) a solid thin line;
b) dash-dotted line;
c) a solid thick main line;
d) dashed line.
17. What is called marking?
a) drawing lines and dots on the workpiece indicating processing locations;
b) drawing additional, auxiliary lines during the manufacture of the product;
c) applying points to the workpiece for drawing lines.
18. What is a surface planer used for?
a) to draw lines and marks parallel to the edges of the workpiece;
b) to measure angles based on the sample and transfer them to the workpiece;
c) for drawing circular arcs and transferring dimensions;
d) to measure the workpiece.
19. Which edge is called the base edge?
a) having the largest width;
b) serving as the basis for further marking;
c) on which the workpiece is installed.
20. What is sawing?
a) the formation of sawdust during sawing;
b) cutting wood into pieces using a saw;
c) processing the workpiece according to markings.
21. What is the name of the device for sawing at an angle of 45º and 90º?
a) surface planer;
b) emphasis;
c) miter box.
22. What is a hacksaw?
a) a carpenter's saw shaped like a knife;
b) a saw with a tensioned blade;
c) a saw with a loose rigid blade.
23. What is a miter box?
a) devices for drawing marking lines at an angle of 45° and 90°;
b) a device for sawing workpieces at an angle of 45° and 90°;
c) a device for fastening the workpiece on a workbench.
24. What is planing?
a) carpentry operation of cutting thin layers of wood from the surface of a workpiece;
b) leveling the surface of the workpiece;
c) dividing the workpiece into parts with the formation of chips.
25. What is the name of a plane for rough planing of wood?
a) zenzubel;
b) sherhebel;
c) rasp;
d) jointer.
26. What is not included in the planer design?
a) chip breaker;
b) handle;
c) knife;
d) miter box.
27. How should a plane be placed on a workbench?
a) into the tray with the knife blade facing you;
b) into the tray with the blade facing away from you;
c) on the workbench lid with the blade to the side.
28. How can you control the quality of planing?
a) a ruler;
b) by eye;
c) thicknesser;
d) miter box.
29. Which tool is not used for drilling?
a) rotation;
b) drill;
c) drill;
d) screwdriver.
30. Which hole is called blind?
b) performed to a certain depth;
c) having an oval cross-section.
31. What is not included in the brace device?
a) emphasis;
b) rotation handle;
c) grip handle;
d) cartridge.
32. What is the purpose of the drill shank?
a) for cutting wood fibers;
b) to secure the drill in the chuck;
c) to remove cut chips from the hole.
33. Which tool is used for drilling?
a) drill;
b) surface planer;
c) screwdriver.
34. Which hole is called through?
a) passing through the entire part;
b) performed to a certain depth;
c) having an oval cross-section
35. What is not included in a hand drill?
a) emphasis;
b) trimmer;
c) rotation handle;
d) cartridge
36. What are the main parts of a nail?
a) head, rod, tip;
b) cap, base, tip;
c) head, rod, blade.
37. What tool is used when driving nails?
a) ticks;
b) hammer;
c) scissors.
38. What tools are used to pull out nails?
a) awl;
b) mandrel;
c) ticks;
d) square.
39. What fasteners are used to connect wood products? (2 correct answers)
a) screw;
b) self-tapping screw;
c) hairpin;
d) screw.
40. What is a spline?
a) slot for a screwdriver;
b) the tip of the screw;
c) a helix on the rod.
41. With what head shape are screws not used?
a) semicircular;
b) secret;
c) semi-secret;
d) square.
42. What tools are used to prepare a hole for a countersunk screw? (2 correct answers)
a) ticks;
b) rotation;
c) drill.
43. What tool is used for stripping wood parts?
a) rasp;
b) clamp;
c) sherhebel.
44. What is the name of the device for securing the workpiece during stripping?
a) vice;
b) miter box;
c) ticks.
45. What files are used for stripping?
a) flat;
b) pentagonal;
c) oval;
d) oblique.
46. Which part is not included in the burning apparatus?
a) body;
b) feather;
c) electrical cord;
d) handle.
47. What is a jigsaw?
a) a device for sawing material along curved lines;
b) type of saw for dividing workpieces into parts;
c) a device for securing plywood blanks.
48. What are the main parts of a jigsaw?
a) frame, leg, clamping screw;
b) frame, handle, tension screw;
c) frame, handle, upper and lower clamping screw.
49. What tool is used for cleaning products cut with a jigsaw?
a) needle file;
b) rasp;
c) file.
50. What device is installed on the lid of a mechanic’s workbench designed to secure the workpiece or part being processed?
a) clamp;
b) clamp;
c) bench vice.
51. Which metal alloy belongs to the group of “ferrous metals”?
a) bronze;
b) brass;
c) cast iron;
d) duralumin.
52. How to obtain wire with a thickness of less than 5 mm?
a) forging;
b) rolling;
c) drawing.
53. What layer of non-ferrous metal is tinplate coated with?
a) zinc;
b) tin;
c) aluminum.
54. What tool is used to mark marks on a metal workpiece when marking?
a) center punch;
b) scribe;
c) marker;
d) pencil.
55. What tool is used for manual cutting of roofing steel and sheet metal?
a) center punch;
b) plumber's scissors;
c) ticks.
Answers:
№ question
answer
Lesson– basic form of organization academic work on technical work. Types of technical lessons: theoretical, practical, laboratory, testing, combined.
Structure and content of the plan theoretical lesson on technical work.
Structure and content of the plan practical lesson on technical work.
Structure and content of the plan laboratory lesson on technical work.
Structure and content of the plan test lesson on technical work.
Structure and content of the plan combined lesson on technical work.
Form of training organization as a didactic category denotes the external side of the organization of the educational process, which is associated with the number of students being trained, the time and place of training, as well as the order of its implementation.
IN educational institutions forms of organizing training in technical work are divided into two groups: academic and extracurricular. TO educational forms include Various types technical lessons. TO extracurricular activities - technical clubs, technology electives, student design bureaus, excursions, business games on technology, scientific and technical conferences, weeks of science, technology and production, competitions young technicians, technical tournaments, matinees or technical evenings, labor training Olympiads, sports and technical competitions; exhibitions of technical and artistic creativity of students, etc.
Technical labor lesson – educational form of organizing training in technical work, which is characterized by a constant composition of students of the same level of training (class subgroup), for a certain time ( a basic level of– 45 minutes, advanced – 90 minutes) and place of classes (training workshops), classes according to the established schedule.
During technical labor lessons, the teacher decides on a complex of teaching, developing and educational tasks; systematically presents new educational material; organizes the perception of this material and the independent activities of students to assimilate, consolidate and apply theoretical knowledge, develop practical skills in the process of manual and mechanical processing of structural and natural materials, test and evaluate the knowledge, skills and abilities of students.
Compared to other academic subjects, technical labor lessons have a number of structural and content distinctive features:
– building a subject based on double lessons (90 min) in educational workshops;
– Conducting introductory, ongoing and final briefings focusing on compliance with safe work rules;
– the priority of students’ practical activities over theoretical ones in the process of using forms and methods of teaching technical work;
– organization of socially useful productive labor and creation of material assets;
– creating conditions for the mental and physical development of students;
– development of artistic and technical abilities in the process creative activity students;
– introducing students to the traditions of decorative and applied arts and folk crafts;
– versatile professional self-determination of students.
The main place in technical labor lessons is given to practical work. In this regard, it is advisable to carry out training sessions in workshops in the form of double lessons (90 min). In a 45-minute lesson, little time is devoted to practical work, which is not enough to fully master technological operations for manual and mechanical processing of structural and natural materials in the manufacture of products of varying complexity. A significant part of the lesson is spent preparing and cleaning classrooms, presenting new material, consolidating and repeating the studied material, and conducting briefings.
In 90 minutes, the teacher and students manage to fully complete all stages of the lesson and do the required amount of practical work. Double lessons give students moral and physical satisfaction from the work done, allowing the technical teacher to correctly evaluate the results of not only collective, but individual student activity, aimed at mastering not individual, but a complex of technological operations of various levels of complexity.
Technical lesson in training workshops consists of separate basic stages its implementation: organizational part, checking the studied material, presenting new material, consolidating new material, introductory briefing, independent practical work, ongoing briefing, final briefing, cleaning the training workshop(Table 3).
Table 3 - Main stages of a technical lesson
IN general theory training lessons are classified according to various criteria: By academic subjects (lessons: mathematics, physics, etc.), by dominant learning objectives(lessons: learning new material, developing skills, summarizing and systematizing the material studied, testing and assessing students’ knowledge, skills, etc.), by prevailing teaching methods(lesson-conversation, lesson-lecture, etc.) and other characteristics.
In the methodology of teaching technical work, various criteria are also used to classify lessons: according to the predominance of students studying theoretical information and performing practical work in lessons; by dominant learning objectives, by dominant teaching methods.
According to the specified classification criteria, various types of technical lessons: theoretical, practical, laboratory, testing, combined.
Theoretical lesson. They usually take no more than 45 minutes, so in most cases they are carried out as part of a two-hour lesson of another type. In theoretical lessons, students become familiar with the elements of materials science (the properties and methods of producing various materials: wood, metals, etc.), study various technical devices (tools, fixtures, equipment), and master specific technologies for manual and mechanical processing of structural and natural materials.
In theoretical lessons, students learn how to draw up drawings and sketches for these products; planning technological processes for manufacturing products and developing technological maps; solving graphic, technological and design problems; get acquainted with issues of labor organization, general rules safe work and labor protection.
Theoretical lessons are usually conducted as introductory lessons at the beginning of the school year or during the transition from studying one specific technology to another. For example, when moving from studying wood processing technology to studying metal processing technology; from studying textile processing technology to studying cooking. Theoretical lessons are used at the beginning of studying a particular topic or section of educational material. In other words, theoretical lessons are conducted in cases where it is necessary to organize students’ assimilation of a significant amount of theoretical educational material.
The structure of the theoretical lesson: organizational part, presentation of new material, consolidation of new material, final instructions.
Practical lesson. He aims practical development students work techniques, perform technological operations, develop technological skills. Practical lessons occupy a significant place in the system of lessons on technical work.
In these lessons, students master practical skills in the proper organization of a classroom, using tools, devices and equipment.
Practical lessons play a major role in developing students’ culture of labor movements and forming a general technological culture.
Structure of a practical lesson: organizational part, introductory briefing, independent practical work, ongoing briefing, final briefing, cleaning the training workshop.
Laboratory lesson. These lessons are a type of practical lessons, since in them students are mainly engaged in independent laboratory activities. However, unlike practical lessons, when performing laboratory work, students do not perform technological operations for manual and mechanical processing of structural and natural materials.
Laboratory work on technical work is usually associated with the practical study of materials (wood, metals, etc.), the study of the properties of materials, the study of the types and design of tools, fixtures and equipment, machines and mechanisms, carrying out measuring work, etc. These works do not always require a long time time, therefore they are often held within one academic hour.
Laboratory lesson structure: organizational part, presentation of new material, consolidation of new material, introductory briefing, independent laboratory work, current briefing, final briefing.
Test lesson. The purpose of this lesson is to obtain data on the level of students’ preparation for work, on the degree of strength in their assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities. Test lessons are usually held at the end of a quarter (trimester), half-year, or academic year. This allows for the necessary periodic certification of students in technical work. Test lessons of technical work are distinguished by the practical nature of testing and assessing the knowledge, skills and abilities of students who are given an assignment for test practical work. Based on the results of this work (the exact dimensions and quality of the product, the time spent, etc.), the presence and level of acquired technological knowledge and developed skills and abilities are judged.
Test lesson structure: organizational part, introductory briefing, independent practical work, final briefing, cleaning the training workshop.
Combined lesson. IN pedagogical practice the most common are combined lessons, which make up approximately 70-75% of the total number of lessons on technical work. This lesson combines (combines) the solution of teaching, developmental and educational tasks of theoretical and practical lessons technical labor. This is where it got its name – combined.
In the practice of teaching technical work, the task very often arises of giving students the necessary amount of theoretical technical information in order to build on this basis the practical work of students in applying new knowledge and developing practical skills. Various combinations of lesson stages and their transition into each other provide flexibility and mobility of its structure, solving many educational problems.
Structure of a combined lesson: organizational part, checking the studied material, presenting new material, consolidating new material, introductory briefing, independent practical work, ongoing briefing, final briefing, cleaning the training workshop.