Mtsyri compares himself to a flower. What and why does Mtsyri compare himself to. What did he understand in his last hours in freedom?

“Mtsyri” - the last romantic poem by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was written in 1839 and published in 1840 in a collection of poems. The action of the poem develops in Georgia, in its ancient capital Mtskheta and its environs. Main character- a young highlander who was taken prisoner and ended up in the monastery against his own will. He dies far from his homeland with the words:
...And I, as I lived, in a foreign land
I will die a slave and an orphan...
Regretting and grieving only that he
...the corpse is cold and dumb
It will not smolder in its native land...
“Mtsyri” - translated from Georgian means “non-serving monk”, “novice”, i.e. a person preparing to become a monk. Mtsyri is a freedom-loving young man, a born warrior, an ardent soul. The contemplative life of the monastery is alien to him. He makes a desperate escape, as if from prison. And the prison, according to Lermontov, is not only the monastery in which Mtsyri is languishing: the prison is the entire Nicholas Empire. “Mtsyri” is a poem about a contemporary of Lermontov, about a young man of his generation.
The focus of the poem is on the personality of the lonely hero, his complex spiritual world, his longing for his homeland, for freedom. The poem consists of twenty-six chapters. The first two chapters talk about the monastery, historical events, about Mtsyri’s entire life in the monastery and his escape. The rest of the poem is Mtsyri's confession. The story is told from the perspective of the hero. This is a confessional poem in which a personal lyrical freedom-loving principle permeates the entire narrative.
Mtsyri owes his life to the monks. A Russian general took him prisoner and left him sick in a monastery. Mtsyri grew up among monks.
...But, alien to childish pleasures,
At first he ran away from everyone,
Wandered, silent, lonely,
I looked, sighing, to the east...
Outwardly, he resigned himself to bondage and was already preparing to take a monastic vow, when suddenly a quiet light of a past, almost forgotten life woke up, and Mtsyri made a desperate leap. He strives to find out what he was born for: for a quiet, measured life in a monastery as a monk, or for the stormy life of a mountaineer.
...To find out if the earth is beautiful,
Find out for freedom or prison
We are born into this world.
He fled from the monastery during a thunderstorm, when the frightened monks were “lying prostrate on the ground.” The Caucasian mountain temperament is obvious in him.
...Oh, I'm like a brother
I would be glad to embrace the storm!
I watched with the eyes of a cloud,
I caught lightning with my hand..."
The culmination of the poem is the battle between Mtsyri and the mighty leopard. This battle is the moment of the highest rise in the strength and spirit of the hero. It is here that the hero’s true purpose is revealed:
...The heart suddenly
Ignited with a thirst for fight
And blood...yes, the hand of fate
I was led in a different direction...
But now I'm sure
What could happen in the land of our fathers
Not one of the last daredevils.
The young man defeats the leopard, but wounded and exhausted, he is returned to the monastery.
...But I argued in vain with fate;
She laughed at me!
There is no one to blame here. Mtsyri admits: “Yes, I have earned my lot,” using as an example a mighty horse that, even without a rider, finds a “straight and short way” to its homeland. The young man compares himself to a prison flower: “...he has grown up, alone and pale between the damp slabs.” “The prison left its mark on me,” says Mtsyri.
In the poem, in contrast to the stuffy atmosphere of the monastery with its “gloomy walls,” free nature is presented: “mountain ranges, as bizarre as dreams,” “a white caravan of migratory birds,” “the gray-haired, unshakable Caucasus.” However, it is nature that acts as an instrument of fate and fate. First - this “between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm”, then the magnificent nature appears before Mtsyri as “God’s garden”, but then it becomes a barrier between him and his homeland:
...But soon in the depths of the forest
Lost sight of the mountains
And then I started to lose my way...
Mtsyri, who grew up locked up, turned out to be unadapted to life in the wild. He dies like “a flower raised in prison.”
Before his death, Mtsyri recalls “three blissful days” in freedom.
You want to know what I did
Free? Lived...
In his confession, he says that he would trade two lives in captivity
...for one,
But only full of anxiety.”
And then he says to the monk:
Alas! - for a few minutes
Between steep and dark rocks,
Where did I play as a child?
I would trade heaven and eternity...

But the hero was not destined to unite with his homeland, to see his family and friends, but he did not keep his oath:
Although for a moment someday
My burning chest
Hold the other one to your chest with longing,
Although unfamiliar, but dear.
Mtsyri's last will is a request to move him to the garden.
The Caucasus is also visible from there.

Dying, Mtsyri promises: “And I won’t curse anyone!..”. But there is not the slightest humility in these words; moreover, there is a threat, there is a rebellion that continues even after the victory of fate. The hero dies, but he is not broken. The poem “Mtsyri” is a fiery protest against oppression and a hymn to freedom!!!

Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov

Topic 6. Poem “Mtsyri”

Exercise 1. Read the poem “Mtsyri” in the textbook and answer the questions.

    What does the word “mtsyri” mean? Does the hero of the poem have a name? Why?

    Which historical facts mentioned in chapter 1 of the poem?

    How did a highlander boy end up in a monastery? How old was he? Why did he have to stay in the monastery?

    What does the word mean? confession?

    Why did Mtsyri not immediately begin to answer the questions, but then decided to “ease” his chest with words?

    Is it possible to say from Mtsyri’s story that he was treated poorly in the monastery?

    Why does he consider his life here a captivity? What are you willing to trade such a life for? What does this tell the reader?

    What “fiery passion” is Mtsyri talking about? What does he compare it to and why?

    Who was Mtsyri yearning for within the walls of the monastery?

    What oath did he make to himself?

    Why does Mtsyri ask the old monk about his youth?

    How does Mtsyri describe what he saw in freedom? How can one explain that, recalling pictures of Caucasian nature, he notes: “And my heart felt / It was easy, I don’t know why”?

    How many days did Mtsyri spend in freedom? How does he explain his desire to get beyond the monastery? Is the timing of his escape coincidental?

    What is the reason that Mtsyri is not afraid of thunderstorms and the dangers of the path among the mountains? Who does he compare himself to and why?

    How is the battle between Mtsyri and the leopard described? Why does Mtsyri call the beast “fighter”?

    What did Mtsyri discover when he came out of the forest?

    Why does he say: “But I argued in vain with fate”?

Why does Mtsyri compare himself to a “greenhouse flower”? What does Mtsyri see in his dying delirium?

Why does Mtsyri say in his dying confession that he is ready to exchange “paradise and eternity” for a few minutes in his native land?

Where does Mtsyri ask to take him before his death? __

What are his last thoughts? ________________________________________________

Task 2.

In the text of the poem you have come across words and expressions that require comment. Give an explanation of these words; if you have any difficulties, refer to the footnotes in the textbook, dictionaries or Internet resources. _

Enoch_ _____________________________________________________

Grace

Monastic vow _________________________________________________________

Abode ________________________________________________________

Chernets _________________________________________________________

Censer __________________________________________________

Cell _____________________________________________________

Oath

Confession ____________________________________________________________

Lot __________________________________________________________

crown of thorns ___________________________________________________________

Curse Nits

Aul Veil Saklya Task 3 . How do you understand Mtsyri’s answer to the monk’s question: “Do you want to know what I did / in freedom? Lived..."? Support your answer using quotes from the text. Task 4.

Task 5. Prepare a story about Mtsyri according to plan:

Plan

    The place occupied by a character in a work.

    Age, position in society.

    Education and upbringing

    Main interests, ideals, life goals.

    Appearance, demeanor.

    Character speech.

    Actions, behavioral characteristics.

    Relationships with other characters.

    The meaning is in revealing the idea of ​​the work.

Task 6. Pay attention to the features compositions poems. What scene can be considered culmination poems and why? How many chapters does the story about Mtsyri take and how many are his confession? Why does the author distribute artistic material so unevenly? How does this express the idea of ​​the work?

Task 7. Remember what is called epigraph? Where did the epigraph to the poem “Mtsyri” come from? Write him out. What does it mean? What important idea do you think this epigraph is intended to emphasize for the author?

Epigraph to the poem _________________________________________________

Task 8. What is the role of landscape in the poem? Highlight the descriptions of nature and tell us how they help express the state of the hero? Can we say that nature is Mtsyri’s native element?

Task 9.

In the distance I saw through the fog

In the snow, burning like a diamond,

The gray, unshakable Caucasus;

And it was in my heart

Easy, I don't know why.

1)hyperbole

4) comparison

5) metaphor

Task 11. Read a fragment from the poem “Mtsyri”.

The world was dark and silent;

Only silver fringe

Tops of the snow chain

In the distance they sparkled before me,

Yes, a stream splashed into the banks.

There is a light in the familiar hut

It fluttered, then went out again:

In heaven at midnight

So the bright star goes out!

Select three titles from the list below artistic means and the techniques used by the poet in this fragment.

1)hyperbole

4) comparison

5) metaphor

Enter the corresponding numbers in the table

Task 12. Prove that Mtsyri is a romantic hero, Lermontov’s poem is a romantic work. As arguments, use the main provisions of the textbook article on romanticism and examples from the text of the poem.

Task 13. Write an essay on one of the following topics:

    “One – but fiery passion...”

    Three “blessed days” of Mtsyri.

    “He met death face to face, as a fighter should in battle!...”

    Nature in the poem "Mtsyri".


8. Why does Mtsyri compare himself to a poor flower who grew up in prison and was burned by the scorching rays of the sun?
10. Why does Mtsyri die? Is it only he who is exhausted from his wounds?
Similar material: Lesson 8.9

Subject: Our conversation about Mtsyri continues

Goals: Continue to work on monitoring the thinness. means, to understand how the landscapes of his native Caucasus are closely connected with the experiences of the young man.

Lesson plan.

  1. Org. moment.
  2. State the topic and purpose of the lesson.
  3. Checking d/z and work on the topic of the lesson.
1.What does Mtsyri see and hear in freedom?

(In freedom, Mtsyri saw lush fields, trees, piles of rocks, hills... The feeling of freedom, lightness, space, the view of the mountains of his native Caucasian nature reminded the young man of his father’s house, his native village, its inhabitants, herds of horses. The image of his father flashed before him (in combat clothes with chain mail, a gun and a characteristic proud and unyielding look. He remembered his sisters, their lullabies, the few children’s games on the sand, the soul of the warlike highlander was filled with thoughts of freedom, the meaning of life, closeness with the Fatherland, with friends, with relatives. with a house. In my opinion, this is happiness in Mtsyri’s view.)

2.What role do these “dangers” play?

3.What does the hero experience when watching a Georgian girl?

(Before meeting the intrepid “forest king,” Mtsyri met a Georgian woman. The author decided to at least partially restore justice to his hero, because Love should be present in the life of every person. The Georgian woman became the first, last and only love of the young man. The hero, defeating the involuntary impulse of a young heart , refuses personal happiness in the name of freedom. The patriotic idea is combined in the poem with the theme of freedom. Lermontov does not share these concepts. His love for the homeland and thirst for will merge into one, defeating the involuntary impulse of the young heart, he refuses personal happiness. the name of the ideal of freedom. The patriotic idea is combined in the poem with the theme of freedom, as in the works of the Decembrist poets, Lermontov does not separate these concepts: love for the fatherland and thirst for will merge into one, but “fiery passion.”

4.What metaphor reinforces the terrible picture in chapter 15?

5. What does leopard mean to Mtsyri? (17-18 chapters)

(The culmination of the poem is the battle between Mtsyri and the mighty leopard. This battle is the moment of the highest rise in the strength and spirit of the hero. It is here that the hero discovers his true destiny:

“...The heart suddenly

Ignited with a thirst for fight

And blood...yes, the hand of fate

I was led in a different direction...

But now I'm sure

What could happen in the land of our fathers

Not one of the last daredevils."

The young man defeats the leopard, but wounded and exhausted, he is returned to the monastery.

“...But I argued in vain with fate;

She laughed at me!”

There is no one to blame here. Mtsyri admits: “Yes, I have earned my lot,” using as an example a mighty horse that, even without a rider, finds a “straight and short way” to its homeland. The young man compares himself to a prison flower: “...he has grown up, alone and pale between the damp slabs.” “The prison left its mark on me,” says Mtsyri.

At the moment of the battle, there was no fundamental differentiation “man - animal”, but the right to life prevailed; two completely equal, free, courageous rivals collided (analogies between them are endless). For both fighters, the life principle is the last lines of the eighteenth chapter: “But he met death face to face with the triumphant enemy, as a fighter should in battle!..” Waking up the next morning, exhausted from yesterday’s battle, Mtsyri realized that he had returned to the monastery. He became convinced that arguing with fatal fate was unnecessary and useless. He in vain flattered himself with hopes of meeting his homeland: “I will never lay a trace to my homeland.” Mtsyri's courage and fortitude are manifested in his battle with the leopard. He was not afraid of death, because he knew: returning to the monastery was a continuation of previous suffering. The tragic ending does not weaken his spirit, the power of his love of freedom. The old monk's admonitions do not make him repent. Even now he would exchange heavenly pleasure for a few minutes of freedom, for a few minutes of life among loved ones.

Defeated, he is not spiritually broken and remains a positive image of our literature, and his courage and heroism, fortitude and integrity were a reproach to the fragmented hearts of fearful and inactive contemporaries.)

6.What did he understand in his last hours in freedom?

(His desire to find out “we were born into this world for freedom or prison” is due to a passionate impulse for freedom. Short days to escape is his will. Only outside the monastery he lived, and did not vegetate. Only these days he calls bliss. Even now he would “exchange paradise and eternity” for a few minutes of life among his loved ones (poems that displeased the censorship). It was not his fault if he failed to join the ranks of the fighters for what he considered his sacred duty: the circumstances turned out to be insurmountable, and he “argued with fate” in vain. Defeated, he is not spiritually broken and remains a positive image of our literature, and his masculinity, integrity, heroism were a reproach to the fragmented hearts of fearful and inactive contemporaries from the noble society.)

7.How does nature react to this?

(Nature presented the mountaineer with all sorts of unpleasant surprises: a meeting with death

(meeting with a leopard, the possibility of falling from “steep heights”, suffering from hunger). All this

The strength of the young freedom lover was weakened: he began to go astray. In a rage, he tore and threw objects he came across, but desire is not a fact. To our deepest regret, Mtsyri did not achieve the fulfillment of his main dream, the dream of his whole life, he could not reach his homeland.)

8. Why does Mtsyri compare himself to a poor flower who grew up in prison and was burned by the scorching rays of the sun?

9. For Mtsyri, what is the meaning of the word “confession”: repentance of sins, frank confession or communication of one’s thoughts?

( The very form of confession, characteristic of romantic poems, is associated with the desire to reveal deeper - to “tell the soul.” This psychologism of the work, the detailing of the hero’s experiences, is natural for the poet, who at the same time created a socio-psychological novel.)

10. Why does Mtsyri die? Is it only he who is exhausted from his wounds?

(Mtsyri, who grew up locked up, turned out to be unadapted to life in the wild. He dies like “a flower raised in prison.” Before his death, Mtsyri remembers the happiness of “three blissful days” in freedom.

"You want to know what I did

Free? Lived..."

In his confession, he says that he would trade two lives in captivity

"...for one,

"Alas! - for a few minutes

Between steep and dark rocks,

Where did I play as a child?

I would trade heaven and eternity...”

But the hero was not destined to unite with his homeland, to see his family and friends, but he did not keep his oath:

"Although for a moment someday

My burning chest

Hold the other one to your chest with longing,

Although unfamiliar, but dear.”

Mtsyri's last will is a request to move him to the garden.

“The Caucasus is visible from there.”

Dying, Mtsyri promises: “And I won’t curse anyone!..”. But there is not the slightest humility in these words; moreover, there is a threat, there is a rebellion that continues even after the victory of fate. The hero dies, but he is not broken. The poem “Mtsyri” is a fiery protest against oppression and a hymn to freedom!!!)

  1. D/Z. Prepare for the essay

M. Yu. Lermontov entered Russian literature as a successor to the traditions of A. S. Pushkin and the Decembrist poets, but at the same time his poetry became a new link in the chain of development national culture. The romantic poem “Mtsyri” is one of the peaks of the poet’s artistic heritage.

The poem is based on real fact. could have been one of the victims Caucasian war, but the author portrayed this fact as a romantic poet, creating a special hero.

Mtsyri does not accept social relations that oppress his inner feelings. The hero lives guided by natural impulses: love for the homeland, relatives, freedom, thirst for activity. His soul is filled with a feeling of love for surrounding nature, and the heart begins to beat faster “at the sight of the sun and fields,” bizarre mountain ranges, trees, “noisy with a fresh crowd.”

It is not by chance that Lermontov introduces the Caucasian landscape into his poem. It is also a means of revealing the image of the hero. Despising his surroundings and life in captivity, Mtsyri feels kinship only with nature. Imprisoned in a monastery, he compares himself to a pale prison flower, growing between damp slabs and awaiting life-giving rays. But a sad fate awaits this flower outside the dungeon. Having grown up in prison, he will not be able to exist in the garden and will die, burned by the fire of a merciless day.

Like sleepy flowers stretching towards the sun, Mtsyri straightens and raises her head, breaking out of the monastery. He rejoices in freedom, rejoices in the storm, in the short but lively friendship “between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm,” which he would never exchange for a long and boring life within the walls of a monastery. He is delighted with the rainbow attire of plants that keep “traces of heavenly tears,” and the running of clouds, like a white caravan of “migratory birds from distant lands.” A child of nature, he falls to the ground and learns the secret of bird songs, the mysteries of their prophetic chirping. His ear catches all the voices of nature, speaking “about the secrets of heaven and earth.” He understands the dispute between the stream and the stones, the thoughts of those dreaming of the meeting of the rocks, forever separated by this stream. He notices the shine of the snake’s scales and the shimmer of silver on the leopard’s fur. And it seems to him that his “diligent gaze” could follow the flight of angels through the transparent blue of the sky. And the first girl he meets is associated in his mind with the song of the fish, awakening a naive, half-childish feeling of love.

Mtsyri, “like a steppe beast,” feels like a stranger among people. Even having lost his way, surrounded by an eternal forest, he still does not want human help. And a fight with a leopard for Mtsyri is a meeting with wild nature. He enters the fight like a primitive man, feeling wild anger, like a desert beast. The hero intertwines with his opponent, as if he himself was born “in a family of leopards and wolves.”

And in his dying delirium he feels himself lying at the bottom of the river. He sees colorful herds of fish playing merrily in the rays of the sun, shining “through the crystal of the wave.” Dying, Mtsyri asks to be placed in the garden between two acacias, in thick grass, so that he can enjoy the transparent gold of the leaves, the fragrant freshness of the air for the last time and fall asleep with the thought of a sweet country.

M. Yu. Lermontov for his creative life made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russian romantic poem, created the greatest lyrical masterpieces, one of which, undoubtedly, is his poem “Mtsyri”.

The action of M. Yu. Lermontov's poem “Mtsyri” takes place in the Caucasus, in a local monastery where peaceful monks lived. A Russian general passing by the monastery left a captive, exhausted child of about six years old for the monks. The boy languished in captivity, did not eat, avoided communication, “looked, sighing, to the east...”. The monks were leaving a non-Christian who remained in the monastery, but still yearned “for his native side.” One day, “in the prime of life,” he disappeared under the cover of an autumn night. He was found three days later in the steppe, “He was terribly pale and thin / And weak...” Having gathered the last of his strength, Mtsyri begins his dying confession:

“I lived little, and lived in captivity.

Such two lives in one,

But only full of anxiety,

I would trade it if I could."

All his life he was tormented by a longing for freedom. Existence within the “dark walls” of the monastery felt constricting and eventually became unbearable. “The child of an unknown country” breaks free from a quiet abode. And the huge world that opened fell upon the young man with all its might, nature overwhelmed him, he “himself, like an animal, was alien to people. /And he crawled and hid like a snake.” In the surrounding nature he sees unity, harmony, everything that he was deprived of in human society. The country of fathers, the beauty and abundance of luxurious nature attract Mtsyri’s ardent soul further on the road.

I have one goal -

Go to your home country -

Had it in my soul and overcame it

Suffering from hunger as best I could.

However, Mtsyri got lost, and the harmony was destroyed by a meeting with a mighty leopard. A mortal fight took place between Mtsyri and the leopard, free, strong offspring of nature.

I was on fire and screaming like him;

As if I myself was born

In the family of leopards and wolves...

...It seemed that the words of people

I forgot...

In this fight with greatest strength the heroic essence of Mtsyri’s character is revealed. He won and found the strength to continue his journey.

But I argued in vain with fate:

She laughed at me!

As soon as he “knew the bliss of freedom,” fate leads him to the “prison” that once saved his life. And yet Mtsyri died not only from the wounds received in the fight with the leopard, but also from the fact that:

There is only one thing that saddens me:

My corpse is cold and dumb

It will not smolder in its native land...

He remained unconquered, unbroken by any adversity and suffering:

But what does that matter to me? - let him be in heaven,

In the holy transcendental land

My spirit will find a home.

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