Grind grain at the mill. Grinding whole grain flour in front of you, in a German mill with stone millstones General concept of morphological norms
Option 3
Read the text, complete tasks 1 – 3
(1)The death of the Western Roman Empire during the era early Middle Ages entailed the destruction of temples, luxurious country villas, the destruction of entire cities, and the loss of many works visual arts, the destruction of written monuments of the past and, as a consequence, the decline of culture as a whole. (2) the legacy of ancient civilization, turned to dust, did not disappear without a trace. (3) The new culture was based on a synthesis of the traditions of the Roman, Celtic, Germanic peoples and a number of achievements of ancient culture, and Christianity became the factor that facilitated the gradual unification of such different cultures into a single culture medieval Europe.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The death of the Western Roman Empire in the early Middle Ages led to the decline and destruction of the great culture created by ancient civilization.
2) On the basis of ancient culture, almost destroyed in the early Middle Ages, and the traditions of the Roman, Celtic and Germanic peoples, united by Christianity, a new European culture was formed.
3) The legacy of the lost Western Roman Empire, combined with the traditions of the Roman, Celtic and Germanic peoples and the unifying power of Christianity, became the basis of the new European culture of the Middle Ages.
4) Christianity became the main unifying force during the decline of the new culture of the European Middle Ages, which was formed on the basis of the traditions of the Celtic, Roman and Germanic peoples.
5) The death of the Roman Empire was natural, since ancient civilization had to give way to the stronger traditions of the Romanesque, Germanic and Celtic peoples.
2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combinations of words).
In addition, Meanwhile, Because the fact is that So
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word CULTURE. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
CULTURE, -y, w.
1) The totality of human achievements in production, social and spiritual terms. History of culture.
2) Same as culture. A man of high culture.
3) Breeding, growing something. plant or animal. K. silkworm.
4) High level of something., high development, skill. K. speech.
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
mosaic
folded
Don't
5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the mistake and write this word correctly.
The entire European world will have to undergo global changes.
If your suit is a little baggy, then this is a purely ETHICAL flaw, it concerns only the appearance, and besides, it can be easily corrected.
This man was all mercilessly polite, IRONIC, strict and understanding.
In addition, special prizes have been established by the government, the mayor's office, the prize of the Union of Circus Workers and AUDIENCE sympathies.
On the wedding day, the father WEARED a formal outfit with a ribbon over the shoulder and was unusually handsome at the wedding ceremony of his daughter.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
FOUR HUNDRED reviews
earth's bowels
wash with SHAMPOO
GRIND grain at the mill
SLIPPED on ice
Match between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are admitted: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMATICAL ERRORS | OFFERS |
| A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition B) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate C) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases D) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial phrase D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members | 1) Sitting on the shore, we admired both the beauty of the sunset and each other’s happy faces. 2) The order will be canceled upon expiration of the storage period. 3) She lay in her chair, going over for the hundredth time several phrases she had heard today. 4) I didn’t recognize my favorite tree: its low-lying branches were cut off. 5) While in the forest, many things are dangerous, so be careful and attentive. 6) The paintings of this group of young artists were not only exhibited in modest clubs and city venues, but also in large museum halls. 7) Some students do not do their homework. 8) My friends and I are preparing for a citywide conference on social studies. 9) The lecture given by the professor was a great success, as it touched on current problems. |
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
mass..fat
t..nice
sv..detel
grow up
(election) campaign
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr..refuge, pr..been (in the city)
and..move, didn’t..welcome
in..et (ropes), under..lingual
under..gral, up..mother
o..was (punishment), on..pushed
10.
migrated..validated
command
shy
enamel...vy
sowing..in (wheat)
11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
unacceptable..my
lined
(fog) creeps in
get some sleep
swayed (by the wind)
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
The door to the veranda was (NOT) CLOSED.
This manuscript sheds light on a country that was (NOT) KNOWN in detail to anyone until now.
The robe had in Oblomov’s eyes a darkness of (UN)VALUED merits.
The air here was (NOT) OURS, alien, and my heart sank.
The box turned out to be (NOT) ANYTHING other than a storage area for cartridges.
13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
(TO) MEET the train, pillars, copses, and steppes flew; I sat by the window and smiled (CHILDRENLY) naively.
In my letter I also inform you that all matters have been successfully completed by me, so you don’t have to worry about this anymore.
Raisa Pavlovna (AT) THE BEGINNING was embarrassed, even (LIKE) she had lost control of the situation, but quickly pulled herself together and continued the conversation.
(NOT) FAR from the pine forest, we STILL decided to take a break.
14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.
Tragically intense (1), full of contrasts and contradictions, illuminated (2) from within by the constant (3) search for the ideal in the artistic (4) world of F.M. Dostoevsky is clearly reflected in the language of his works.
15. Punctuate. Specify two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Along the banks of the rivers, currant bushes and willow, alder and wild raspberry bushes huddled together.
2) In the distance the chalk rocky shore was white and the young greenery of oaks and pines was brightly green.
3) I forbid myself to think about anything and return mentally to any of my feelings and refrain from making assumptions.
4) He heard only rapid heartbeats and the dull noise of blood in his head.
5) Natalya left her mother and either thought or got to work.
16. Place all punctuation marks:
Nikita (1) straightening his legs with difficulty (2) and (3) pouring snow from them (4) stood up, and immediately a painful cold permeated his body.
Explanation.
17. Place all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Thank you (1) dear daughter (2) for your heartfelt attention. How it would please me (3) my kind, dear Kitty (4) to thank you for more satisfactory news about your health. After all, (5) your health is no less of my concerns, and I warn you that (6) I resolutely (7) do not agree to share the heroic humility with which (8) you (9) accept your current condition as something irreparable.
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
The office was a high corner room with two windows facing shady garden(1) from behind the broken line (2) of which (3) the strip of the factory pond (4) and the contours of the breasting mountains were visible.
19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
It is necessary to look (1) in what spirit the adherents of pure art themselves write (2) and in what spirit the works they approve of are written (3) and (4) when we look at this (5) we will see (6) that they do not care about pure art , but want to subordinate literature to the service of one tendency, which has purely everyday significance.
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.
When the cannonade subsided and they finally entered the house, they found a completely dead man on the floor.
Read the text and complete tasks 21 – 26
(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our difficult life.
(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our everyday life, Everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is a heroic act. (17) But you need to go to it.
(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.
(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if you didn’t manage to preserve your honor from a young age, you need and can regain it in adulthood, break yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.
(25) I know a person whom everyone now admires, who is very much appreciated, whom I also admire last years loved his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...
(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.
(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, to maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.
(according to D.S. Likhachev*)
*Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural critic, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) The literature teacher scolded the student who made many mistakes while talking about the works of the great writer, and gave the schoolgirl an unsatisfactory grade.
2) If a person has not committed any evil deeds, has not made a single transaction with his conscience, this does not mean that he good man that benefits humanity.
3) A person can be driven into despair by the very fact that he has made a mistake.
4) You need to take care of your honor from a young age, because otherwise it will be impossible to restore your good name later.
5) Once a person confessed to the narrator about his bad deed, but this did not change the narrator’s opinion about this person.
22. Which of the following statements are faithful? Please provide answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
1) Sentences 2–4 contain a narrative.
2) Sentence 7 indicates the condition of what is said in sentence 6.
3) Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question asked in sentences 8 and 9.
4) Proposition 35 indicates the reason for what is said in sentence 34.
5) Sentences 23–24 present the reasoning.
23. Write out the phraseological unit from sentences 1–5.
24. Among sentences 1–7, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using attributive, demonstrative and personal pronouns.
25. “Style D.S. Likhachev is extremely recognizable. Moreover, this recognition concerns both the lexical and syntactic levels of text organization. In the syntax of the presented fragment of text, it is worth noting such means as (A)______ (sentence 34) and (B)________ (sentences 8–10). And in vocabulary - (B)________("courage", "courage" in sentence 24, "to make a mistake", "to stumble" in sentence 18). Throughout the entire text, the author repeatedly uses such a device as (G)______ (“decorates” in sentence 33, “dignity” in sentence 35).”
List of terms
1) synonyms
3) parcellation
5) epiphora
6) rhetorical appeal
7) metonymy
9) question-and-answer form of presentation
26. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words
Answers:
1 .Answer: 23|32.
2. Answer: meanwhile.
3. Answer: 1.
4. Answer: drills.
5. Answer: aesthetic.
6. Answer: grind.
7. Answer: 2,8,5,4,6
8. Answer: campaign
9. Answer: the outcome was not good
10. Answer: shy
11. Answer: get some sleep
12. Answer: unappreciated
13. Answer: also about
14. Answer: 1234.
15. Answer: 15
16. Answer: 14
17. Answer: 1234
18. Answer: 1.
19. Answer: 1356.
20. Answer: absolutely.
21. Answer: 35
22. Answer: 135.
23. Answer: 4
25. Answer: 2914
| Approximate circle problems | |
| 1. The problem of mistakes in human life. (Is it possible to live life without making any mistakes?) | 1. In our complex life, no one is free from mistakes. Making mistakes and realizing them is a natural process |
| 2. The problem of the relationship between the greatness of a person and the mistakes he has made. The problem of publicizing the mistakes of great people. (Can the greatness of a person consist in the fact that he has never made mistakes? Is the concept of “greatness” connected with the mistakes that a person makes? Is it possible to talk about the mistakes of great people or should it be hidden?) | 2. The greatness of a person does not lie in the fact that he has not made any mistakes. Therefore, we can and should talk about the mistakes of great people. |
| 3. The problem of the role of conscience in human life. (What is the role of conscience in a person’s life? Does living “according to conscience” protect against mistakes? Does living “according to conscience” bring benefits?) | 3. Living “according to conscience” does not protect against mistakes, but conscience is what prompts, teaches, helps not to violate ethical standards, and maintain the dignity of a morally living person. Even if a person has not done much in life, but lived in accordance with his conscience, he has already brought significant benefit. |
| 4. The problem of choosing landmarks for life path. (How should a person live his life? What is important for him to focus on first of all?) | 4. A person should not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. There is no need to go against your conscience. Therefore, the main guideline should be your own conscience. |
| 5. The problem of choice: to be dishonored in the eyes of others - or in your own. (Which is better: to be dishonored in the eyes of others or to lose honor and dignity in your own eyes?) | 5. It is better to be dishonored in front of other people than in front of your conscience. Of course, dishonor in the eyes of others is a great sacrifice, but it must be made... |
| 6. The problem of honor. (Is it possible, having committed a bad, dishonorable act in youth, to regain honor in adulthood?) | 6. If it was not possible to preserve honor from a young age, it can and should be regained in adulthood. |
| 7. The problem of repentance. (Do you need to repent of your mistakes?) | 7. Despite the fact that the path to repentance can be long and difficult, since admitting your mistakes is very difficult, it is very useful, it decorates a person, because repentance is a manifestation of courage |
| 8. The problem of the consequences of errors. (What dangers await a person who makes a mistake? What is one of the most terrible consequences of a mistake?) | 8. A person who has made a mistake may fall into despair. Then disappointment may set in, loss of faith in people, in decency, and this is the worst thing. |
* To formulate a problem, the examinee may use vocabulary that differs from that presented in the table. The problem may also be cited from the original text or indicated by reference to but
Hello! Our last name is Zialtdinova. Derived from the Bashkir name Zialtdin. It was always pronounced without the letter T. The child was explained that it was not necessary to pronounce the letter T, because There is a rule about unpronounceable consonants, and the surname is, as it were, an exception - it cannot be verified. This year they have a new Russian language teacher who insists that the letter T must be pronounced because... the rule talks about consonants being tested. She forces her to pronounce her last name the way she thinks is correct in every lesson. A conflict has arisen. Please explain how to pronounce such surnames correctly, and what rules to refer to? Thank you!!!
The appearance of a dull or voiced sound can be predetermined by its position in a word. Such deafness/voiceness turns out to be dependent, “forced,” and the positions in which this occurs are considered weak in deafness/voiceness.
Voiceless paired consonants standing before voiced ones, except [v], [v'], [th'], [l], [l'], [m], [m'], [n], [n'], [р], [р'], are voiced, that is, they change to voiced: grind ba [malad'bá].
Thus, spelling norm responds by pronouncing [dd"] in place of [td"].
Good afternoon Please help me figure out: How to say correctly: grind coffee or grind coffee? Thank you in advance for your quick response!
Correctly: grind coffee. Grind, grind– word forms grind, A begs, begs– word forms pray.
| Question No. 282714 | ||
Hello! I need to ask the seller to grind my coffee. What is the correct way to ask the seller when addressing him as “You”? Grind my coffee, please? or grind my coffee, please?
Russian language help desk response
Right: grind.
| Question No. 279096 | ||
Can fresh minced garlic be said to be ground? I came across the sentence “It is better to eat garlic fresh, in ground form” and for some reason it scratched me. I believed that you can only “grind” something hard, in grains - coffee, wheat. I looked at Dahl: “to grind (grind), grind, grind with friction and oppression, turn something into grits, into flour, into powder, especially through millstones.” It is unlikely that fresh garlic can be turned into granules or powder. But maybe I'm wrong...
Russian language help desk response
The Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language gives a similar example: grind meat, grind minced meat. So the combination ground garlic Maybe. If in doubt, you can rephrase: chopped garlic.
| Question No. 275404 | ||
Good afternoonPlease tell me why it happened that, for example, flour production plants began to be called “flour mills”?
they don’t grind flour, but grain))) why not a “grain grinder” then...
the meaning of the adjective is clear, but where did all this come from?Thank you.
Russian language help desk response
According to the explanatory dictionary, verb grind has not only the meaning “to crush, grind”, but also “to obtain something as a result of crushing, grinding something.” ": grind flour, grind minced meat. So the formation of the adjective is quite logical.
| Question No. 270170 | ||
MarryBA, weddingBA - what is BA? From a morphological point of view, B is included in the root, but it seems to me that this combination is unusual.
Russian language help desk response
In these words -b- – suffix, -A- ending. No full list other words formed with this suffix: struggle, divination, party, friendship, complaint, mowing, grind ba, supplication, firing, boast, request, thread, service, shooting, litigation, study,walking.
how to say correctly: grind coffee or grind coffee
Russian language help desk response
Right: grind coffee - grind coffee.
| Question No. 252869 | ||
Question No. 197902
What is the correct way to say: grind coffee or grind it?Russian language help desk response
That's right: _grind the coffee_.Question No. 176023
How to say correctly: Grind the coffee or grind the coffee?Russian language help desk response
That's right: grind coffee, grind coffee, grind coffee, grind coffee.Where is the logic?
Russian language help desk response
Don't look for logic in everything. The existing literary norm: grind, But I grind, grind, grind.
Good afternoon please tell me what is the correct way to say: “grinds coffee” or “grinds coffee”? Or are both options possible? Thank you.
Russian language help desk response
3rd person form unit. part of the verb “to grind” - grinds. That's right: it grinds coffee.
In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
FOUR HUNDRED reviews
earth's bowels
wash with SHAMPOO
GRIND grain at the mill
SLIPPED on ice
Explanation (see also Rule below).
There was a mistake in the word “grind”: grain can be ground. But other verb forms have E: grinding, grinding, sweeping.
Answer: grind.
Answer: grind
Rule: Task 7. Morphological norms of word formation and inflection
General concept of morphological norms.
Morphological norms are the norms for the correct formation of grammatical forms of words of different parts of speech(forms of gender, number, short forms and degrees of comparison of adjectives and many others).
The morphological norm regulates word formation and inflection. These standards must be studied in school course Russian language and are tested in task 6 of the Unified State Examination. In morphology (as well as in syntax and pronunciation) there are strong and weak norms. Strong ones are observed by everyone who speaks Russian as a native language. Weak ones are easily influenced by outsiders, are poorly absorbed and are often distorted. Their presence is determined by many reasons, in particular, by the peculiarities of the development of the phonetic and grammatical systems of the Russian language. Thus, the norms of education and changes in participles, gerunds, adjectives and other parts of speech that existed back in the time of Leo Tolstoy have changed significantly in our days. It should be noted that for a fairly large list of words there are, on the one hand - colloquial forms, and on the other hand - literary, written. But along with this, there are also forms that are unacceptable even in colloquial speech and are a gross violation of morphological norms. Anyone who consults dictionaries knows that in explanatory dictionaries There are certainly marks “colloquial”, which means colloquial, and others, indicating the normative use of the word form in a particular style of speech.
In the tasks selected for the Unified State Exam, students are required to find a misspelled word and change it so that it meets the literary, written norm.
The normative use of a particular word is checked according to the current modern dictionaries, and not on the “Internet” or “Wikipedia”. Words that allow two literary norms (and this happens!) are, as a rule, not presented in assignments.
The smell of freshly baked bread evokes pleasant feelings in every person, especially if it is made from healthy whole grain flour, but it is very rare to treat yourself to such a treat. In stores you can find flour of any grind, but its quality sometimes does not correspond to the high cost. The surest and most logical solution to this problem would be to acquire your own mill, and if, after reading these words, an image of a huge building and massive millstones appeared in your head, we hasten to console you - today you can make a compact machine that will fit in any kitchen. In this article we will tell you how to build a homemade grain mill with your own hands.
Any housewife who wants to feed her family healthy and tasty dishes dreams of owning a mill. The manufacture of this device is not so difficult from a technical point of view, but it will require the master to have the ability to handle turning equipment and drilling tools.
A home grain mill allows you to obtain flour of any grind size - coarse, medium or very fine (depending on the settings). It sounds quite tempting, especially when you consider that the cost of whole grain flour is incommensurate with the costs of its production. If you look at it, whole grain “real” flour is grain that has undergone rough processing without removing the grain shells. They are also known as bran. White flour, on the contrary, undergoes multiple processing, filtration and other procedures, as a result of which, in fact, all useful components are removed. It is logical that the production costs of white flour are higher, but for some reason it is cheaper than “unrefined” flour. This is a clear example of skillful marketing that follows modern trends healthy image life. If you want to eat healthy organic food, spend more money.
The grain itself costs mere pennies, so to produce flour at home using a household mill you will spend a minimum of money. The most common model is the “Malyutka” mini-mill. It was invented many years ago in Udmurtia by two engineers. With the help of “Malyutka” you can not only grind grain to the required size, but also make feed for livestock, poultry, produce corn, buckwheat and any other flour. Agree, this is an indispensable device for a family living in a private house and keeping pets.
The dimensions of this homemade grain mill are very modest, but the performance is truly impressive - in just 5 minutes you can grind a whole bucket of corn, and it can handle a bucket of wheat in 2-3 minutes.
Technical characteristics of “Baby”:
- body dimensions without hopper and pipe – 320x160x170 mm;
- capable of producing 2 types of grinding (coarse and fine);
- low engine power - 180 W (high performance with significant energy savings. For comparison, a regular electric kettle or heating element electric stove consumes 2000 Wh);
- productivity: corn – 0.2 buckets/min, wheat, oats and other crops – 0.5 buckets/min;
- rotor-stator chopper, reversible;
- The total weight of the assembled device is 15 kg.
The most important task on which the efficiency and durability of the mill depends is the manufacture of the rotor and stator.
Mill diagram
In the image below you can see a detailed diagram of creating a compact “Malyutka” mill, indicating all the components used. Before assembly, prepare a complete list of required parts.
Parts for assembling “Baby”:
- Electric motor (you can take the motor from an old washing machine, since little power is needed).
- Mounting points for the electric motor (you will need 12 pieces of M6 bolts with spring washers).
- Engine support made of two steel angles 45x45 mm.
- The frame (base of the mechanism) is made of sheet steel 6-8 mm thick.
- Ties (studs with nuts).
- Reception box made of roofing iron.
- Coupling for transmitting rotation of shafts.
- Rotor.
- Cover for bearing assembly.
- Stator.
- Iron pipe.
- Cover made of sheet steel 3 mm thick.
- Fastenings for the cover (4 M6 screws).
- Distance ring.
- Reception box fasteners (2 M6 bolts).
- Two bearings No. 203.
- Places for fastening the cover for the bearing unit (3 M6 screws).
- M6 screws with nuts for installation.
- Handle brackets made of 2 mm thick steel.
- Loading box
- Axle (M6 stud and nuts 2 pcs).
- Wooden handle.
- Places for fixing the pipe with M6 bolts.
Making a rotor
The design of the “Malyutka” itself is outrageously simple, so anyone can handle the assembly if desired, but for this you need to be able to handle a lathe and drilling equipment. If you don’t have the skills and you don’t plan to acquire them in the near future, you can order the necessary parts from a turning workshop. You will need a stator, rotor, and bearing cover.
If you want to do everything yourself, you should take into account several technical nuances:
- Make a rotor immediately with a variable-section shaft.
- Make the shaft from forging M45 (length 9 cm, diameter 12 cm) or from round timber (steel).
- Divide the whole process into several parts: preparing metal blanks (in a 105 mm circle, drill holes with a radius of 5 cm at an equally distant distance), removing the outer layer of the circle so that the groove size is reduced to 104.5 mm, and the working teeth are opened, after which the finished The rotor must be hardened.
The rotor should also be hardened correctly: first heat it in an oven to a temperature of 800C, then lower it into an oil container. In this particular case, it is not recommended to cool the metal with water, since it will crack and become very brittle. Then you need to take a vacation, that is, heat the rotor again, but to a temperature of 400C, and leave it to cool at room temperature. The result is a very hard and durable piece that will last for many years. To check whether the hardening is done well, run a file along the cutting side of the tooth - if it slides easily and does not leave a mark, then the hardening is good.
In the Malyutka mill, the rotor will spin on two radial bearings. This will increase the rigidity of the unit and the strength of the entire device several times. A 0.5 mm spacer ring must be attached between the bearings to the shaft - it will allow the bearings to move slightly and will create the tension that is necessary for the unit to adapt to the tension inside the mechanism.
Making a stator
The stator is a little more difficult to make than the rotor, as it requires extreme precision. The work can be divided into several stages. First grind the workpiece on the machine, then leave a small technological allowance. To do this, drill out the opening in the center to 70 mm, mark a circle with a diameter of 105 mm on the workpiece, and mark the central points of future openings. Subsequently, they will create the stator work plane. Markings should be applied strictly according to the drawing.
Mark the outlines of the holes at the top and bottom, and then drill out blind “windows” about 26 mm deep. On the machine, remove the allowance that you left earlier and bore the place where the working chamber will be located (105 mm). Turn the resulting workpiece over and make a landing recess where the bearings will be inserted. You will also need to machine a groove for the sealing lip if you are installing one, but in practice the unit works just fine without this part.
When the stator is ready, you can start creating threaded holes for the bearing and stator covers, the nozzle and the loading box. Finally, the stator, like the rotor, must be subjected to heat treatment using the technology described above.
In order for the grain grinding mill to work properly, it is necessary to correctly and precisely set the stator coordinates. Bolts are used for this. During operation, the rotor should move easily and smoothly, without jerking or jamming. Only when you are sure that all the parts are moving as they should, can you test run the mill. To do this, it must be fixed on a table or stool so that the device does not fall to the floor due to vibration.
Manufacturing of the bed
Another important design detail is the frame, that is, the base plate. To make it, you can use a thick steel sheet of 6-8 mm. The stator is attached to the frame with M6 screws, which will simultaneously hold the pipe. It can also be removable. To do this, you will need to install a pipe in the opening of the base, which will correspond to the diameter of the part. And it will stay in the mechanism only due to friction.
To make a pipe, take a piece of thin-walled pipe with an outer diameter of 28 mm. A product with a round or square cross-section is suitable, and depending on this factor, a hole of the appropriate shape and diameter must be made in the frame.
If you have completed the manufacture of all the above parts, making a loading box will not be difficult. It can be made from iron roofing sheet by bending it to a given shape and soldering the seams. Regular sheet iron can also be used, but roofing sheet metal is much stronger and more durable. When the box is ready, install it on the stator and secure it with two M6 bots.
Before you start creating a manual grain mill, keep in mind that if the rotor rotates in one direction, only the first half of the stator working chamber will be used. When the rotor rotates in the other direction, the second part of the chamber will turn on. There are different numbers of protrusions on both sides, and their sizes are also different. For this reason, the grinding in the first and second cases will be different. This allows you to get coarse or fine flour depending on your needs. All you need to do is change the direction of movement of the rotor.
Installation of electrical equipment
It is clear that force is needed to set all the parts in motion. IN in this case- the power of electricity. Even before you start cutting out the components of the mechanism, prepare the necessary electrical equipment. Luckily, such a simple design doesn't require anything complicated or expensive.
You will need an electric motor, a capacitor of about 3.8 uF, a fuse and a toggle switch. Install the motor on a dielectric plate, and attach the other parts there. To rotate the rotor in the other direction, simply switch the capacitor.
Position the crusher shafts and the motor shaft coaxially. Use a rigid coupling to transmit rotation. In all mounting angles, be sure to drill guide holes for the bolts to adjust and fine-tune the position of the shafts. Also make holes in the frame (base) - they are needed for movement.
All that remains is to load the grain into the receiving box, place the container under the outlet pipe and make your first flour grinding at home.
Not everyone can make such a practical mill, but this task is quite feasible, even if you do not have turning equipment at home. Below is a video about a grain mill, which clearly shows how to make an alternative design using granite millstones and minimal financial investment:
To make it, you will also need special equipment, but even if you order all the parts in a workshop, the cost of the device will be significantly lower than that of store-bought products.
We told you how to make a grain mill, and we hope that this article will help you make your own flour to prepare delicious and healthy food.
A mill seen in a dream foretells an increase in property due to new income, good luck in business and love, if the mill is working. An old, collapsed mill predicts life trials that will take you by surprise if you do not take this dream as a warning.
Seeing rotating millstones in a dream is a sign of true love; hearing the sounds of a working mill means in reality you will receive fabulous profits.
A windmill foreshadows gossip, stupid arguments and idle talk, while a watermill is a sign of a quick and long journey. Seeing a miller in a dream means that there will be an addition to your family, and your financial situation will begin to improve, at least a little.
Talking to a miller means real life harm yourself by being too frank. If the miller is covered with flour all over from head to toe, this portends disappointment, or the state of affairs of your chosen one may not be as brilliant as he himself claimed. Imagine yourself in the role of a miller - a profitable deal awaits you.
If in a dream you turn a millstone, this portends you a great surge of energy and a life full of bright events, your prudence and prudence will bring the desired success and you will get rich.
A dream in which you are preparing a mill for work means that soon you will have real assistants in your business, on whom you can rely as on yourself.
Seeing a mill filled with sacks of flour denotes a hectic life. Empty rotating millstones are a waste of money and time. A mill that has stopped due to a breakdown portends a decline in business due to the departure of one of the partners or someone’s illness.
Interpretation of dreams from the Dream Interpretation alphabetically