Video lesson “Sentences with homogeneous members. Homogeneous members of a sentence in the Russian language Punctuation with homogeneous members of a sentence

§ 1 The concept of homogeneous members of a sentence

In this lesson, we will expand the previously familiar concept of homogeneous members of a sentence, and also remember what punctuation marks are used for homogeneous members of a sentence.

Homogeneous members of a sentence are those that answer the same question, are the same member of the sentence, refer to the same member of the sentence, and are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration. As a rule, homogeneous members of a sentence are expressed by the same part of speech.

Let's consider the proposal:

Yellow, red, purple sparks of fireworks sparkled in the sky.

This sentence is complicated by homogeneous definitions: yellow, red, purple. Let's check it out.

According to the definition, homogeneous members of a sentence answer the same question. Let's find a word from which we can ask a question about the words yellow, red, violet: sparks (what?) yellow, red, violet.

Before us are three words that are expressed by one part of speech - an adjective. The adjectives yellow, red, violet refer to the same word spark, answer the same question, are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration and are homogeneous definitions.

§ 2 Homogeneous members in a sentence

All members of a sentence can be homogeneous, both main (homogeneous subjects or homogeneous predicates) and secondary (homogeneous complements, homogeneous definitions or homogeneous adverbials).

For example:

We (what did we do?) walked, played and swam. These are homogeneous predicates related to the pronoun we.

Trees, flowers, herbs are growing (what?). These are homogeneous subjects that grow associated with the verb.

I saw (who?) fish, stingrays, sharks. These are homogeneous additions, the question to which we ask from the verb saw.

Heroes (what kind?) are strong, brave and smart. These are homogeneous definitions related to the noun heroes.

They live (where?) in burrows and hollows. These are homogeneous circumstances associated with the verb live.

§ 3 Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members

Homogeneous members are connected to each other using enumerative intonation or using conjunctions. Let's consider the rules for placing punctuation marks for homogeneous members.

A comma is placed between homogeneous members of a sentence if they are not connected by conjunctions or are connected by conjunctions A, BUT.

For example:

Cities, villages, towns quickly flew past the train window.

Homogeneous subjects cities, villages, towns are connected by enumeration intonation (without a conjunction) and are separated in writing by commas.

The sun is shining, but it does not warm.

In this sentence it shines, it does not warm - homogeneous predicates connected by the conjunction but. Therefore, we put a comma before the conjunction but.

Consider the following sentence:

He did not walk, but ran home.

Didn't walk, ran - homogeneous predicates. The conjunction a should be preceded by a comma.

A comma is not placed between homogeneous members of a sentence if they are connected by a single conjunction I.

For example:

During a storm, trees crack and break.

In the event that homogeneous members are connected by a repeating conjunction AND, then a comma is placed in front of it.

For example:

And the earth, and the trees, and the sky - everything fell asleep in winter.

You should also remember the following rule:

If a conjunction connects pairs of homogeneous members, then commas are placed between the pairs.

For example:

Trees and bushes, flowers and herbs turned green.

§ 4 Brief conclusions on the topic of the lesson

To summarize the lesson, remember that:

1. homogeneous members are pronounced in a sentence using enumeration intonation;

2. often homogeneous members of a sentence are located nearby, as if following each other;

3.Commas are placed between homogeneous members, except for cases when they are connected by a single conjunction and.

List of used literature:

1. Arutyunova N. D. Syntax // Linguistic encyclopedic Dictionary/ Ed. V. N. Yartseva. - M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1990.
2. Russian language. Textbook for 4th grade in 2 parts / Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. – M.: BALASS, 2012.
3. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. - M.: LLC "ITI Technologies", 2003.
4. Russian language: To the secrets of our language: A textbook for 4th grade general education. institutions. In 2 parts / Soloveichik M.S., Kuzmenko N.S. – Smolensk: “Association XXI century”, 2012.
5. Russian language: Reference materials: Tutorial for students / M.T. Baranov, T.A. Kostyaeva, A.V. Prudnikova. – M.: Education, 1989.
6. Russian language lessons in 5th grade: A book for teachers: From work experience. – M.: Education, 1991.

Images used:

1. Homogeneous members of the sentence- these are the members of the sentence that
are related to the same word in a sentence and usually answer
same question. These are also the same members of the sentence,
united with each other by a creative connection.

Homogeneous members can be both main and minor members
offers.

Here's an example:
The old carpenter Vasily and his apprentice do the work slowly,
thoroughly.

B this proposal two rows of homogeneous members: homogeneous
the subjects Vasily and the student correspond to one predicate -
perform;
homogeneous circumstances of the course of action slowly, thoroughly
depend on the predicate (perform (how?) slowly, thoroughly).

2. Homogeneous members are usually expressed by the same part of speech.

Let's give an example: Vasily and the student are nouns in
nominative case.

But homogeneous members can also be morphologically heterogeneous:

A young lady of about thirty-two entered, glowing with health, with
laughing lips, cheeks and eyes.
In this sentence, among homogeneous definitions, the first is expressed
noun phrase in genitive case(about thirty-two years old)
the second – a participial phrase (blazing with health), the third –
a combination of three nouns in the instrumental case with a preposition with
with dependent participle (with laughing lips, cheeks and eyes).

Note. Sometimes a coordinating connection can connect and
opposite members of a sentence.
Let's give an example: It is not clear who and how distributed it throughout the region
news of the birth of a white boy.
Conjunctive words V subordinate clause are different members
sentences (subject who and adverbial manner of action how, but
They are connected by a coordinating conjunction and).

3. Homogeneous members are connected by coordinating conjunctions and intonation or just intonation. If homogeneous terms are separated by a comma, then
commas are placed only between them. Before the first homogeneous member,
There are no commas after the last homogeneous term.

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members X.

A) Non-union connection - a comma is placed between homogeneous members.

* , *, *
Here's an example:
A strange, motley, dense life passed with terrible speed.

Single connecting unions(and, yes=and) or disjunctive conjunctions
(either, or) – a comma is not placed between homogeneous terms.

* And *; * or *.

Here's an example:
She cried and stamped her feet;
Here and there along the road you come across White birch or weeping willow.

Note.
Conjunctions and, yes and, yes can have a connecting meaning. These unions
They introduce not homogeneous, but connecting members of the sentence. In that
In this case, a comma is placed before the conjunction.
Here's an example:
People made fun of her, and rightfully so.
“People made fun of her, and rightly so;
Why would you order an artist, and a bad one at that, to draw?
- Why would you order an artist to draw, and a bad one at that?

Opposing alliances(but, but, but, however=but, yes=but) – a comma between
homogeneous members are placed.
*, A *; *, But *; *, however *; *, but *

Let's give an example: He looks handsome, but young;
Now the lake shimmered not entirely, but only in a few places;
Our kindergarten is small, but cozy.

D) Double and paired unions(if not..., if not..., then; not
so much..., so; although..., but also; both..., not only..., and; but also;
How many; as much... as; not that..., but; Not really...,
a) – a comma is placed between homogeneous terms.
Not only but *; both * and *; although *, but also *.

Here's an example:
The rainbow stretched not only over the outskirts of the city, but also far away
around;
I have instructions from both the judge and all our friends to reconcile
you and your friend;
For Vasily Vasilievich, although familiar, the power of Erofey was heavy
Kuzmich.

Homogeneous members can be combined with a general word. Generalizing
the word is the same member of the sentence as other homogeneous
members, answers the same question, but has a general meaning:

A generalizing word denotes the whole, and homogeneous members denote parts of it.
whole:

Outside the city, from the mountain, a village was visible: square blocks, wooden
buildings, overflowing gardens, church spiers;

A general word denotes a generic ( general concept), and homogeneous
members – specific (more particular concepts):

Birds screamed shrilly: roosters, geese, turkeys (Fadeev).

Generalizing words are expressed by different parts of speech, but most often
pronouns and pronominal adverbs and nouns:

The forest is always beautiful: both on winter days and in spring (always -
pronominal adverb); Everything is here: both the building and the greenery - I perceived
especially I (everything is a pronoun).

Self-control task:
1. Find homogeneous members in these sentences.
What parts of speech are they expressed by?
Explain the spelling of the highlighted words, analyze them according to their composition
a) Visitors to the exhibition examined metal products with interest,
glass vases, national costumes, embroidery, jewelry from
mother of pearl brought from distant islands.
b) People came to the meeting to exchange experiences, to understand the assumptions
mistakes, outline a plan for further work.
c) Edward walked quickly, with a measured step, without looking around.

423. Read. Find and underline the main parts of the sentences. Ask them questions.

How do the second and third sentences differ from the first? And the second from the third?

What has changed in this proposal compared to previous ones? What question arises?

The second and third sentences differ in that they each have two predicates.
The fourth sentence is different in that it has three subjects. The question arises: can a sentence have two or even three predicates and what can they be called?

424. Read. Find and underline the main members in the sentences. Ask them questions.

Compare offers. What is the difference? What conclusion can you draw?

Check in explanatory dictionary meaning of the adjective homogeneous. Why do you think these parts of the sentence are called that?

Sentences 2,3,4 have several predicates, they are separated by commas and connected by the conjunction and. we can conclude that a sentence can have several predicates with one subject or several subjects with one predicate. A sentence with several subjects or predicates is called a sentence with homogeneous members. In the explanatory dictionary, the word homogeneous is interpreted as follows: identical, belonging to the same group (genus, category).

425. Read an excerpt from G. Sapgir’s poem “Wonder Forests.” What parts of the sentence does the forest song consist of? Read it with the intonation of enumeration. Are there any homogeneous members in this passage? How should this sentence be read? Write a forest song.

The forest song consists of subjects. This passage also contains homogeneous predicates: let’s sit down, let’s sing. When reading this poem, you need the intonation of enumeration.

426. Read the text to yourself. What words should be read with enumeration intonation? Read aloud, observing the intonation of the enumeration.

Prove that ancient Russian names speak about the richness of the Russian language. Have you come across these names? Where? Tell. What surnames do you think were formed from these names?

According to the child's character: Besson, Molchan, Nesmeyana, Neulyba, Dobr, Smirnoy. According to the feelings that children evoked in their parents: We love, Lyubava, Milava, Nechay. These names are found in the surnames that came from them: Belyay - Belyaev, Molchan - Molchanov, Bulgak - Bulgakov, Smirnoy - Smirnov, Lyubim - Lyubimov, Nechay - Nechaev, Chernyay - Chernov, Nekrasa - Nekrasov.

427. Write down the sentences. Find and label the main terms. Are any of them homogeneous? Show graphically which parts of the sentence are homogeneous. Read sentences with homogeneous members. Don't forget about the intonation of the enumeration.

428. Write down the text. Find and underline the main members in each sentence. Show graphically homogeneous members.

Underline familiar spellings and explain the spelling.

Consider again the schemes of sentences with homogeneous members. What sign separates homogeneous members in a letter?

429. Read. Determine which scheme corresponds to each sentence. Write in the order of the diagrams.

At night, birch and spruce trees sleep in the fields to the tunes of a blizzard.

A bull stands in the yard and chews his tongue.

The sun will come out again and look into our windows.

430. Write down the sentences based on the diagrams.

Geese and swans nest on the lake.

Geese and swans swim, splash, dive.

In the summer, robins and nightingales sing so wonderfully.

431. Write down the text. Place a comma between homogeneous terms where necessary. Show graphically homogeneous members.

432. Compose and write down sentences using diagrams.

The Volga and Oka flow into the Caspian Sea.

White lilies and yellow water lilies bloomed in the pond.

The bright stars twinkled, shone, shone.

433. Compose and write sentences that contain: 1) two homogeneous subjects with one predicate; 2) three homogeneous subjects with one predicate; 3) two homogeneous predicates with one subject; 4) three homogeneous predicates with one subject. Place punctuation marks correctly. Spelling underlines.

434. Read the text. What is it the main idea? List the punctuation marks that you know. Which of them are placed only at the end of the sentence, and which - only inside the sentence?

The main idea of ​​the text: punctuation marks, like intonation, allow you to more accurately understand the text, help convey what cannot be conveyed only in words. Punctuation marks: period, question mark and exclamation marks, ellipsis. You can put a comma or a dash in the middle of a sentence.

435. What can punctuation marks tell us about the meaning and intonation of these sentences?

Make up and write down sentences based on these diagrams. What are these sentences in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation?

436. Read. What questions do the highlighted words answer? Which parts of the sentence do they belong to? Which parts of the sentence are the highlighted words - main or secondary? What conclusion can you draw about homogeneous members of a sentence?

Write down the text and underline it in sentences grammatical basis. Graphically show homogeneous parts of the sentence.

437. Write it down. Underline the main members. Graphically designate homogeneous members of the sentence. What are they - main or secondary? Explain why a comma is or is not placed between homogeneous terms.

What are these sentences in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation? Underline the spellings in words and between words. Explain the spellings.

438. Read. What signs come at the end of a sentence? Which sentence should be read with the intonation of enumeration? Why? What signs should be put in this sentence?

Write down the second and third stanzas. Open the brackets and insert the missing letters.

Show graphically homogeneous members.

Matryoshka dolls carry iodine,
Bandages, bags of cotton wool.
And Vanka suddenly gets up
With a roguish smile.
- believe me, I'm alive!
And I don't need a babysitter!
It's not the first time we've fallen -
That's why we are Vanka - Vstanka!

439. Dictation with preparation. Read it. Underline and explain the spellings. Underline the main parts of the sentences with a simple pencil. Show homogeneous members. Place commas where necessary. Close your textbook. Write from dictation.

1. The concept of homogeneous members.

2. Unions with homogeneous members.

3. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

4. Generalizing words with homogeneous terms.

Homogeneous members of the sentence - these are members of the same name, connected to each other by a coordinating connection and performing the same syntactic function in a sentence, i.e. united by the same relationship to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members are or can be connected by coordinating conjunctions and are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration. In the absence of conjunctions or when they are repeated, homogeneous members are also connected by connecting pauses. Both main and secondary members of a sentence can be homogeneous, for example:

The gardener fell silent, put the tube behind the top of his boot (P.S.) - homogeneous predicates;

Caps and scarves, overcoats and overalls (E.N.) walked past Dunyashka - homogeneous subjects;

On the corners of the album sheets, Vasya drew birds, animals and angels (P.S.) - homogeneous additions.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can be uncommon and widespread, those. may have explanatory words, for example:

Everything moved, woke up, sang, made noise, spoke (T).

My horse jumped through the bushes, tore the bushes with his chest (L.)

Homogeneous members may have the same morphological expression, but may be heterogeneous, for example:

Now she is somehow quiet, bright and affectionate in words (K.V.)

The presence of homogeneous members of a sentence is not considered in the following cases:

1. When repeating the same words in order to emphasize the duration of an action, a multitude of persons or objects, an enhanced manifestation of a characteristic, etc., for example: I'm going, I'm going in an open field (P.); Here is a dark, dark garden (N.)

2. In complete expressions of a phraseological nature: both day and night; both old and young; neither this nor that; neither give nor take; neither back nor forward, etc.

3. When two verbs are combined in the same form, acting as a single predicate (in the meaning of an action and its purpose, an unexpected or arbitrary action, etc.), for example, I'll go look at the class schedule; took it and did the opposite, etc.

To connect homogeneous members of a sentence, the following categories of coordinating conjunctions are used:

1. Connecting unions: and, yes,(meaning “and”), neither...nor, etc. Union And can be single or repeating. A single conjunction shows that the enumeration is exhaustive, for example: Screaming, barking and howling were heard outside (Ars.).

The repetition of the conjunction before each homogeneous member of the sentence makes the series incomplete and emphasizes the enumerative intonation, for example: And the sling, and the arrow, and the crafty dagger spare the winner years (P.).

Union And can connect homogeneous members in pairs, for example: They came together: wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire are not so different from each other (P.).

Repeating conjunction no no used in negative sentences, acting as a union And, For example: Neither the sea nor the sky were visible behind the rain (M. G.)

Union Yes(in the meaning of “and”) is used mainly in colloquial speech, its use in works of art gives speech a touch of simplicity, for example: And Vaska listens and eats (Kr.); Open the window and sit with me (P.).

Union Yes is also used as a repeating member, but cannot appear before the first homogeneous member, for example: Dog, Man, and Cat, and Falcon once swore to each other eternal friendship (Kr.).

Unions also, yes, and have a connecting meaning, for example: I peacefully enjoyed my work, success, fame, as well as the works and successes of my friends (P.)

Double alliances as... and, not so... as, not only... but (a) and, not so much... as, as much as... so much, although and... but, if not... then comparisons and comparisons have meaning, for example: Although it is simple in appearance, it has a wonderful quality (Kr.).

2. Opposing unions: ah, but, yes(meaning "but"), however, etc.

Union A shows that instead of some objects, signs, actions, others are established, i.e. that one concept is affirmed and the other is denied, for example: The Tit gave glory, but did not light the sea (Kr.).

In the absence of negation, the union A indicates opposition, for example: The dog grows on the brave, but bites the coward (proverb).

Union But introduces a connotation of restriction, for example: On the right bank there are peaceful, but still restless villages (L. T.)

Union Yes adds a conversational tone, for example: He who is noble and strong, but not smart, is so bad if he has a good heart (Kr.).

Conjunctions emphasize opposition however And but, For example: I hesitated a little, but sat down (T.).

A connecting conjunction can act as an adversative conjunction And, For example: I wanted to travel around the whole world, but I didn’t travel a hundredth part (Gr.).

3. Separating unions: or, either, whether... whether, then... that, not that... not that, etc.

Union or(single or repeating) indicates the need to select one of the concepts expressed by homogeneous members and excluding or replacing each other, for example: I was allowed to go to the river with Yevseich every day, either in the morning or in the evening (Aks.)

Union or, with the same meaning (usually repeated), has a colloquial character, for example: Gavrila decided that the mute either fled or drowned along with his dog (T.)

Repeating conjunction then... then indicates alternation of phenomena, for example: The stars blinked with faint light and then disappeared (G.)

Repeating conjunction whether... whether has a separative enumerative meaning.

Repeating conjunctions not that... not that, or... or indicate the uncertainty of the impression or the difficulty of choice, for example: There is either laziness or tenderness in the heart (G.)

In the Russian language, it is customary to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

Homogeneous definitions are each directly connected with the word being defined and are in the same relationship to it. Homogeneous definitions are connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions and enumerative intonation or only by enumerative intonation and connecting pauses.

Homogeneous definitions are used in two cases: a) to designate distinctive features different objects, b) to indicate different characteristics of the same object.

Ex: Red, green, yellow, blue sheets of light fall on passers-by (K..)

Chapaev loved strong, decisive, firm word(Ch.)

Definitions are heterogeneous if the preceding definition does not refer directly to the defined noun, but to a combination of the subsequent definition and the defined noun, for example: The sun disappeared behind advanced low ripped cloud (L.T.).

Heterogeneous definitions characterize the subject from different sides, in different respects, for example: large leather briefcase(size and material), long pale face(shape, color), beautiful Moscow boulevards(quality, location).

A generalizing word is usually a grammatical form of expression of a generic concept that unites, on the basis of material proximity, subordinate concepts, the grammatical form of expression of which is the homogeneous members of the sentence, for example:

The village, the haystacks, the paths were all covered with snow (E.N.).

Everywhere: in front, behind, on the left, on the right - vast native expanses stretched out (K.V.).

Often, words denoting a concept with a wide scope are used as a generalizing word, for example:

Across the river, along the roads, in the steppe - everywhere it was empty (T.).

The generalizing word can be in front of homogeneous members or follow them. Sometimes homogeneous members are found between the subject - a generalizing word - and the predicate, for example:

A crowd of buildings: human buildings, barns, cellars - filled the yard.

For strengthening purposes, the following words are placed before the generalizing word: in a word, in one word, For example:

River, forest, groves, fields - in a word, everything is pleasing to our eyes.

Sentences with homogeneous members are widely used in oral and writing. After reading the article, you will learn what it is, become familiar with the peculiarities of using homogeneous members of a sentence, as well as the rules of punctuation when writing them.

What are homogeneous members of a sentence?

Homogeneous members of the sentence- these are sentence members that perform the same syntactic function. In a sentence they refer to the same word and answer the same question. Homogeneous members of a sentence can be represented by any independent part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) and indicate an object, attribute, action or circumstance.

Sentences with homogeneous members are classified as complex sentences.

Which parts of a sentence can be homogeneous?

Any members of a sentence can act as homogeneous ones. The table shows examples of the use of homogeneous sentence members with different syntactic roles.

Sentence Member	What question is being answered?	Examples
Subject		Masha, Sasha And Vitya walked in the yard. They live at my house kitty And puppy.
Predicate	What to do? What to do?	Today in class we squatted, ran And jumped. Anya good is reading, writes And speaks in English.
Definition	Which? What?	I bought yellow, red And blue balloons. This table is not big, A small.
Addition	Questions about oblique cases	Grandma fed chickens And ducklings. In the painting the artist depicted field And lake.
Circumstance	How? Where? Where? Where? When? For what? Why?	in winter And in the spring you need to eat more vitamins. The path went up, That down.

In some cases, homogeneous members of a sentence can be represented by different parts of speech, phrases, phraseological expressions or phrases that perform the same syntactic function ( He answered in class(How?) confident, on business, having thought it through well ).

How to find homogeneous members of a sentence?

To find homogeneous members in a sentence, you must:

• Identify the main and minor members of the sentence;
• Determine which members of the sentence answer one question and relate to one word;
• Check whether they are connected by a coordinating or non-conjunctive connection (whether they are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration).

Example: Woman embroidered a flower and a bird. Flower And bird- additions, answer the question What?, refer to the word embroidered; connected by a coordinating connection, between them there is coordinating conjunction And.

Sometimes several members of a sentence can be homogeneous at once. Sentences of this type are more often used in written speech.

Examples: Me and him talked and joked yesterday(homogeneous members of the sentence: me, him(subjects) and talked, joked(predicates)).

Punctuation for homogeneous sentence parts

In sentences, homogeneous members can be united by union and non-union connections.

TOP 5 articleswho are reading along with this

Type of communication	Unions	Punctuation rules	Examples
	Connecting or separating single (and, or)	There is no comma between homogeneous members of a sentence	I prepared a salad of cucumbers and tomatoes.
	Single adversatives (ah, but, yes), concessive (Although)	A comma is placed before the conjunction	He was late, but he came.
	Repetitive ( this - that, and - and, or - or, neither - nor, yes - yes and etc.)	The second and subsequent conjunctions are preceded by a comma	It snows or rains.
Non-Union		There is always a comma between homogeneous members	He admired paintings and sculptures.

If a generalizing word is used before homogeneous members of a sentence, a colon is placed after it; if a generalizing word comes after homogeneous members of a sentence, then a dash is placed in front of it (I love different fruits: apples, bananas and oranges. About joys, about failures, about love - about everything was in this book).

Homogeneous members of a sentence are studied in Russian language lessons in 4th grade.

What have we learned?

• Homogeneous members of a sentence have the same syntactic features and answer the same question;
• Homogeneous members of a sentence can be represented by any part of speech, phrase, phrase;
• In writing, a comma, a conjunction, or a comma and a conjunction can be placed between homogeneous members of a sentence.

Test on the topic

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