Brief history of Norway for children. A brief history of Norway. Flag and coat of arms

What maps should be used when describing a country?
2. In what part of the continent is the country located? What is the name of its capital?

1) When describing Norway you need to use a map Foreign Europe.
2) Norway is a state in Northern Europe, in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and a large number of adjacent small islands. Capital Oslo.
3) Norway is a mountainous country. Almost its entire territory is occupied by the Scandinavian mountains, strongly dissected by fjords and cut by deep valleys. In the southern and northern parts of the country there are high plateaus (fjelds), and there are many islands off the coast. The highest and most extensive plateaus are located in the southern part of the country. In some places they are crowned with ridges and sharp peaks - nunataks. The most powerful and highest fields are Jutunheimen, Juste-dalsbrs, Telemark. It is here, on the Jotunheimen massif, that the highest peak of the Scandinavian Highlands is located - Galhöpiggen (2470 m). The steep western slopes of the Scandinavian mountains are replete with fjords. On the map, their twisting blue stripes look like hundreds of long tongues of sea simultaneously licking the coast of Norway. Fjords were formed along tectonic fault lines. There are more than 150 thousand islands along the coast of the country. They are located both separately and in entire archipelagos. The largest archipelago is Lofoten and its northern part - Nesterolen. Rapid rivers - the largest among them, Glomma - form waterfalls in places. The slopes of the mountains are covered with taiga forests, which closer to the peaks are replaced by birch woodlands, meadows, and then mountain tundra. In the northern part of the peninsula there is forest-tundra. In total, forests occupy about 1/3 of the state's territory.
4) Located almost entirely in the temperate zone, in comparison with other land areas located at the same latitudes, the south of Norway turns out to be much warmer and more humid due to the large influx of heat from the Norwegian Current. The warm current, however, does not penetrate the Skagerrak Strait, which dramatically affects the climate of southeastern Norway, while at the same time continental air masses from the Baltic easily penetrate here. Also, masses with more high latitudes, where the Arctic High dominates in winter. Since the surface of Norway slopes steeply to the sea, and the valleys are elongated meridionally, warm air masses cannot penetrate very deeply into them, which creates a situation where in winter the temperature gradient when moving deeper into the fjord is greater than when moving north. The height of the Scandinavian mountains does not allow air masses to pass to the east of the country, and create a barrier effect, which, subject to significant moisture saturation, causes huge amounts of precipitation, both in summer and winter.
Average January temperatures range from −17 °C in northern Norway in the city of Karashuk to +1.5 °C on the southwestern coast of the country. Average July temperatures are around +7°C in the north and around +17°C in the south in Oslo.
5) But the most large lakes formed in Ostlan, where the most large rivers and flat terrain predominates: here are the largest bodies of water in Southern Norway (Mjøsa, Femunn, Nursjon, Ransfjord, etc.).
6) Pine forests, taiga, tundra, peatlands, plateaus, deciduous forests and glaciers - natural areas Norway is diverse.
7) Due to increased immigration, the proportion of ethnic Norwegians in the population is steadily declining. The largest national minority is the Arabs - several hundred thousand people. Also living in Norway are the Sami (about 40 thousand people, exact calculations are difficult), Kvens (Norwegian Finns), Poles, Swedes, Russians, Gypsies, Jews, etc.

Norway, due to the fact that the polar day lasts from May to July, is sometimes called the “Land of the Midnight Sun”. This, of course, is a mysterious and somewhat even romantic name, but it does not evoke a strong desire to come to this country. However, Norway is not only the “Land of the Midnight Sun”. First of all, Norway is home to Vikings, amazingly beautiful fjords, some of which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and, of course, prestigious ski resorts.

Geography of Norway

Norway is located in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Norway borders Finland and Russia in the northeast, and Sweden in the east. Norway is washed in the northeast by the Barents Sea, in the southwest by the North Sea, and in the west by the Norwegian Sea. The Skagerrak Strait separates Norway from Denmark.

The total territory of Norway, including the islands of Spitsbergen, Jan Mayen and Bear in the Arctic Ocean, is 385,186 square kilometers.

A significant part of Norway's territory is occupied by mountains. The highest of them are Mount Gallhöppigen (2469 m) and Mount Glittertinn (2452 m).

There are a lot of rivers in Norway, the longest of which are Glomma (604 km), Logen (359 km), and Otra (245 km).

Norway is sometimes called the "lake region". This is not surprising, given that it has several hundred lakes. The largest of them are Mjøsa, Røsvatn, Femunn, and Hornindalsvatnet.

Capital

The capital of Norway is Oslo, which is now home to more than 620 thousand people. It is believed that Oslo was founded in 1048 by the Norwegian king Harald III.

Official language of Norway

The official language in Norway is Norwegian, which consists of two dialects (Bokmål and Nynorsk). Most often, Norwegians speak Bukol, but for some reason Nynorsk is popular among Norwegian Internet users.

Religion

More than 80% of Norwegians are Lutherans (Protestants), belonging to the Church of Norway. However, only about 5% of Norwegians go to church every week. In addition, 1.69% of Norway's inhabitants are Muslim, and 1.1% are Catholic.

Government of Norway

Norway is a constitutional monarchy in which the head of state, according to the Constitution of 1814, is the King.

Executive power in Norway belongs to the King, and legislative power belongs to the local unicameral parliament - the Storting (169 deputies).

Main political parties in Norway - the liberal-conservative "Progress Party", the social democratic "Norwegian Workers' Party", the "Christian Democratic Party" and the "Social Left Party".

Climate and weather

Norway is located at the same latitude as Alaska and Siberia, but this Scandinavian country has a much milder climate. At the end of June - at the beginning of August in Norway the weather is warm and the days are long. At that time average temperature air reaches +25-30C, and the average sea temperature is +18C.

The warmest and most stable weather is always observed on the southern coast of Norway. However, even in northern Norway in summer the air temperature can exceed +25C. However, in central regions and in northern Norway the weather changes frequently.

In winter, most of Norway tends to turn into a real snow paradise. In winter in Norway, the air temperature can even drop to -40C.

Sea in Norway

Norway is washed in the northeast by the Barents Sea, in the southwest by the North Sea, and in the west by the Norwegian Sea. The Skagerrak Strait separates Norway from Denmark. Norway's total coastline is 25,148 km.

Average sea temperature in Oslo:

• January – +4C
• February - +3C
• March - +3C
• April - +6C
• May - +11C
• June - +14C
• July - +17C
• August – +18C
• September - +15C
• October - +12C
• November - +9C
• December - +5C

The real jewel of Norway is the Norwegian fjords. The most beautiful of them are Naeroyfjord, Sognefjord, Geirangerfjord, Hardangerfjord, Lysefjord, and Aurlandsfjord.

Rivers and lakes

Norway has a lot of rivers, the longest of which are Glomma in the east (604 km), Logen in the southeast (359 km), and Otra in Sørland (245 km). The largest Norwegian lakes are Mjøsa, Røsvatn, Femunn, and Hornindalsvatnet.

Many tourists come to Norway to go fishing. Salmon, trout, whitefish, pike, perch and grayling abound in Norwegian rivers and lakes.

History of Norway

Archaeologists have proven that people lived on the territory of modern Norway back in the 10th millennium BC. But real story Norway began during the Viking Age, whose cruelty is still legendary on the coast of Great Britain, for example.

Between 800 and 1066, the Norse Vikings became known throughout Europe as brave warriors, ruthless invaders, cunning traders and inquisitive seafarers. The history of the Vikings ended in 1066, when the Norwegian king Harald III died in England. After him, Olaf III became king of Norway. It was under Olaf III that Christianity began to spread rapidly in Norway.

In the 12th century, Norway captured part of the British Isles, Iceland and Greenland. This was the time of greatest prosperity for the Norwegian kingdom. However, the country was greatly weakened by competition from Hanseatic League and the plague epidemic.

In 1380, Norway and Denmark entered into an alliance and became one country. The union of these states lasted more than four centuries.

In 1814, Norway became part of Sweden under the Treaty of Kiel. However, Norway did not submit to this and the Swedes invaded its territory. In the end, Norway agreed to be part of Sweden if they were left with the constitution.

Nationalism grew throughout the 19th century in Norway, leading to the 1905 referendum. According to the results of this referendum, Norway became an independent state.

During the First World War, Norway remained neutral. In the Second world war Norway also declared its neutrality, but it was still occupied by German troops (for Germany this was a strategic step).

After the end of World War II, Norway suddenly forgot about its neutrality and became one of the founders of the NATO military bloc.

Norwegian culture

The culture of Norway differs markedly from the cultures of other European nations. The fact is that this Scandinavian country is located far from such European cultural centers as Florence, Rome and Paris. However, tourists will be pleasantly impressed by Norwegian culture.

Many Norwegian cities host music, dance and folk festivals every year. The most popular of them is the international cultural festival in Bergen (music, dance, theater).

It cannot be said that the Norwegians made a huge contribution to world culture, but the fact that it was significant is undeniable. The most famous Norwegians are polar explorers Roald Amundsen and Fridtjof Nansen, composers Varg Vikernes and Edvard Grieg, artist Edvard Munch, writers and playwrights Henrik Ibsen and Knut Hamsun, as well as traveler Thor Heyerdahl.

Norwegian cuisine

The main products of Norwegian cuisine are fish, meat, potatoes and other vegetables, and cheese. Norway's favorite traditional snack is pölse (potato cake with sausage).

• Fenalår - dried lamb.
• Fårikål - lamb stew with cabbage.
• Pinnekjøtt - salted ribs.
• Roast wild elk or deer.
• Kjøttkaker – fried beef meatballs.
• Laks og eggerøre – omelette with smoked salmon.
• Lutefisk – baked cod.
• Rømmegrøt - sour cream porridge.
• Multekrem – cloudberry cream for dessert.

The traditional alcoholic drink in Norway is Aquavit, which is usually 40% ABV. The production of aquavita in Scandinavia began in the 15th century.

Sights of Norway

Norwegians have always been distinguished by the fact that they are very careful about their history. Therefore, we advise tourists to Norway to definitely see:

Cities and resorts

The largest Norwegian cities are Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, and Stavanger.

Norway is famous for its magnificent ski resorts. Every winter, various ski championships are held in Norway. The top ten best ski resorts in Norway include, in our opinion, the following:

1. Trysil (Trisil)
2. Hemsedal (Hemsedal)
3. Hafjell
4. Geilo (Geilo)
5. Tryvann
6. Norefjell
7. Oppdal (Oppdal)
8. Hovden
9. Kvitfjell
10. Kongsberg

Souvenirs/shopping

We advise tourists from Norway to bring a real Norwegian wool sweater, toy trolls, modern dishes, wooden kitchen utensils, silverware, ceramics, dried lamb, brown goat cheese, and Norwegian vodka - aquavit.

Office hours

The Kingdom of Norway is a country with a strong economy. Lack of activity opportunities agriculture the state, thanks to rich natural reserves, managed to fully compensate. Residents of other parts of the world know Norway as a country with beautiful nature and numerous fjords surrounded by inaccessible cliffs.

Geographical characteristics

Norway is a Northern European country located in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The territory of the state includes adjacent small islands and an overseas possession in the Atlantic Ocean, Bouvet Island.

The country borders Finland, Sweden and Russia. Its total area is 324,200 square km.

The majority of the population is Norwegian. Of the total population they are 86%. The remaining residents are representatives of European countries and refugees.

Nature

Mountains and rocks

Norway is a country with mountainous terrain. The highest peak is Mount Gallhepiggen. Its height is 2,469 m.

In the list of Norwegian mountain ranges:

• Jotunheimen
• Hardangervidda;
• Finnmarksvidda;
• Sunnmer Alps;
• Dovrefjell;
• Lyngsalpene;
• Troll tongue and others.

Most of the mountains are covered with tundra vegetation and forests, there are waterfalls, lakes and glaciers that do not melt throughout the year. The ridges off the coast are cut by deep fjords...

Rivers and lakes

Large rivers flow through Norway, irrigating green valleys: Glomma, Tana, Paz, Otra, Alta, Namsen, Logen and others. Mountain rivers, deep, with rapids. They are fed by precipitation and glaciers. Due to the country's topography, many rivers have waterfalls. The highest reach 600 meters. Their beds are rich in fish, in particular salmon.

There are more than 400 lakes in the country. Deep reservoirs with branches are located in mountainous areas; on the plains, lakes are characterized by a larger area and are the sources of many rivers...

The seas surrounding Norway

The territory of Norway is washed by the waters of three seas at once:

• from the south by Northern;
• from the northeast by the Barents;
• from the northwest by Norway.

Despite its northern location, there is a swimming season in Norway. The coast owes its warm waters warm current Gulf Stream.

The sea affects the life of the entire kingdom. Most of the population lives in coastal populated areas. The sea is an important route for Norway's trade exchanges with other countries...

Forests

Much of Norway's mountains are covered with forests. Depending on climatic conditions, there are taiga forests, represented by conifers such as spruce and pine, deciduous with oak, birch, alder and beech.

An incomplete amount of cutting allows forests to renew themselves, without outside interference. In areas with poor soils, additional artificial care is carried out with the creation of a reclamation system and the application of mineral fertilizers.

Most of the forests, 5.5 million hectares, are privately owned, a fifth of this area is state land, and about 0.2 million hectares are public forests...

Plants and animals of Norway

Due to the terrain and harsh climate, vegetable world countries is interesting. Coastal areas are an area of ​​forests with small shrubs; to the north and higher above sea level there are deciduous and coniferous forests, followed by plantings of dwarf birch trees. At the highest altitudes, only lichens, mosses and grasses can be found.

The most common animals in the kingdom are the hare, squirrel, elk and fox. Brown bears and wolves live in the forests. Their population is relatively small. In the south, near the coast, you can find red deer...

Climate of Norway

The Gulf Stream has a powerful influence on the climate of the kingdom. Along the coast of the country, temperatures reach 25 degrees Celsius in summer. Winters here are mild and warm, the average January temperature is 1.7 degrees Celsius plus, summers are cool with heavy rainfall.

In the interior of the country the temperature is slightly lower. In January, the average is -3.5 degrees Celsius. Warm masses from the Atlantic do not arrive here due to mountain ranges that create obstacles...

Resources

Natural resources

There are few mineral resources on the mainland. The main share of resources important for the economy is represented by oil, gas and iron ore, and is concentrated on the islands or in the territorial waters of the state.

Norway is famous for its fish stocks, both river and sea, as well as seafood. Forests provide the country with timber and make it possible to export it...

Industry and Agriculture

Norway's main economic sectors are the oil and gas industry. Exactly these Natural resources, mined in the territorial waters of the country, are sent by Norwegians for export. Since the 90s, Norway has been firmly among the top ten world leaders in oil export volumes.

Mechanical engineering and a huge merchant fleet are also closely related to the oil industry, and for the most part, are aimed at servicing it. Chemical industry enterprises are engaged in the production of urea, saltpeter, and nitrate fertilizers.

Climatic conditions and a small number of fertile soils do not create conditions for the development of agriculture. Only fodder varieties of cereals are grown. Agriculture is represented mainly by livestock farming. The population raises cattle and other meat and dairy animals...

Culture

People of Norway

Norwegians honor their traditions and folk art. They value musical talents, hand-painted wood products, paintings, etc. Norwegians treat handmade jewelry with special respect; jewelry is passed on from generation to generation, by inheritance.

The population of the country approaches the preservation of the nature around them with trepidation and responsibility. The streets and outdoor recreation areas are always clean and well-groomed. Smoking and drinking alcohol in public places is prohibited. The Norwegians themselves are hospitable...

Holidays in Norway, Norwegian fjords

Norway is one of 4 Scandinavian countries that are located in the northern expanses of Europe. In the east it borders And n and in the west it is washed by the Norwegian Sea and Atlantic Ocean, in the north - the Barents Sea, and in the south - the North Sea. The total area of ​​the country is 386,958 square meters. km. Norway is an elongated and narrow country, more than 30% of its territory is covered with forests, many rivers and lakes. More than half of the country's area is occupied by mountain ranges.
The population of Norway is about 4.3 million people. About 30 thousand residents belong to the Sami ethnic minority. The Sami have their own culture, traditions and language. Most of the Sami population lives north of the Arctic Circle.

Where about 500,000 people live. The government of the country is located here. Oslo is also a business and cultural center Norway. Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of government. The monarchy has a strong position in the state, and the ruling king, Harald V, is very popular and respected among the inhabitants of the country.
Norway's per capita income is one of the highest in the world. Oil and gas deposits in the North Sea are one of the foundations of the Norwegian economy. Other leading industries include fishing, forestry, paper, mining and shipbuilding.

A large number of small Norwegian settlements were united in the 9th century into larger communities, and around 900 King Harald Fairhair united them into a kingdom and became his first supreme ruler. During the Middle Ages, Norwegian Vikings settled in England, France, Ireland and Iceland. Norway subsequently came under the domination of Denmark and was in a union with it from 1380 to 1814. During the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was united with Sweden, simultaneously adopting a modern constitution. In 1905, the union between Norway and Sweden was peacefully dissolved, and since then Norway has been an independent state.
Norway is a member of NATO and an associate member of the Western European Union.

Through the UN, whose first Secretary General was the Norwegian Trygve Lie, Norway works on the most different levels. Norwegians take part in the army of UN peacekeeping forces involved in resolving conflicts in hot spots of the planet. Norway is making its contribution to peace in other ways. For a long time, Norway has been actively cooperating in resolving various political and economic issues with other Scandinavian countries. Residents of Scandinavia have been enjoying the opportunity of visa-free travel on the peninsula for a long time.

The Scandinavian countries have created a common labor market and cooperate in the field of social security. In 1960, Norway became a member of the EFTA (European Free Trade Association). In 1994, the European Community and EFTA created the European Economic Area (EEA). In 1994, the majority of Norwegians voted against the country's entry into the European Community.

TABLE OF DISTANCES

		Lillehammer
Oslo
Lillehammer
Ålesund
Bergen
Trondheim
Stavanger
Tromso
Hemsedal
Flåm
Voss
Geilo
Trycel
Geiranger

AVERAGE AIR TEMPERATURE

September

Northern Norway is a land of wild nature, the romance of white nights in summer and fantastically beautiful Polar Lights in winter.

On the numerous islands of Norway, northern exotics await tourists:

with white sandy beaches, emerald water, strangely shaped mountains and picturesque fishing villages, they are among the three most beautiful islands in the world.

Here you can throw a fishing rod into the sea right from the window of a fisherman’s house and enjoy the freshest catch. Tourists will be able to get acquainted with the Viking era and taste mead with their leader at the Lofotr Museum, built on the ruins of the largest Viking structure in Norway and throughout Europe.

Vega- an island of waterfalls in a necklace of thousands of small islands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. These places have been inhabited since the Stone Age, and people who lived here for 1500 years and were engaged in agriculture and fishing created a unique cultural landscape. The skeleton of a plesiosaur discovered on the island, which is about 70 million years old, is one of the best preserved in the history of paleontology and confirms that the Arctic climate was once much warmer.

Spitsbergen, an Arctic island cut by fjords, where more than half the territory is made up of national parks, nature and bird sanctuaries, and the real owner is the polar bear. Spitsbergen is the top of the world, from where you can reach the North Pole.

Norwegian city Kirkines is located on the shores of the Barents Sea, just 8 km from the Norwegian-Russian border and this is the most “Russian” city in Norway: there is a Monument to Soviet Soldiers-Liberators and many Russians among the population. Kirkenes is the northernmost port on the route of the famous Hurtigruten liner, which starts in Bergen and calls at 34 ports along the picturesque coast of Norway. The famous travel guide “Lonely Planet” awarded this cruise in Norway the title of “The world's most beautiful sea voyage”.

In Northern Norway, it is also worth visiting the open-air museum “Alta” - the cave paintings of ancient people will not leave anyone indifferent. The rock paintings of Alta, which were created over almost 5,000 years, can trace many cultural changes in human life.

For a bustling nightlife, you should go to “Paris of the North” - Tromso, the largest university city in the world, located above the Arctic Circle. Tromso is the “gateway of the Arctic”, it was from here that many polar expeditions departed, including Nansen and Amundsen

North Cape- the northernmost point of the European continent and a place of pilgrimage for tourists from all over the world.

Vesterålen Archipelago will delight you with a sea safari, in which, if you're lucky, you can film a whale fountain. Here, like nowhere else in Norway, you can observe whales so close to the shore, and in Andenes, the largest town on the islands, there is even a whale center-museum.

A memorable event was a trip to Karashok. Here you can meet representatives of the indigenous population of Norway - the Sami, learn their culture and way of life from the inside, ride reindeer and share dinner with them.

Norway's northern waters are widely known for their abundance of fish. Fishing in Norway is ridiculously easy and you don’t even have to look for a place to do it: the sea off the coast that doesn’t freeze all year round, the cleanest lakes and rivers abounding in fish, make Norway a real fishing paradise. The exceptionally varied and year-round sea fishing in the fjords, coastal waters and offshore is particularly popular and does not require a licence. Cod, pollock, salmon, halibut, monkfish, crabs, scallops and mussels are just a few of the possible catches. Freshwater fishing on the salmon rivers Tana, Alta, Gaula and Logen is also interesting, and the Namsen River has been considered the queen of all rivers in which salmon live for more than a century. Fishing in Norway will appeal to both experienced fishermen and beginners. Fishing bases and cottages are located both on the coast of the country and in areas remote from the sea, offering services for a comfortable holiday for the whole family.

Holidays in Norway

Holidays in Norway for families with children mean active recreation in the fresh air, visits to educational excursions and amusement parks of interest to children of all ages. In Norway, great attention is paid to children's leisure and the traveler does not have to think about where to buy baby food, how to get on a bus with a stroller, or where to go so that the whole family can have fun.

You can write a lot about the sights of Norway, but it’s better to see it once, or even better, many times.

The travel company tour operator "Enibi Travel" offers a wide selection of excursion tours to Norway from Moscow or St. Petersburg, combined tours with visits to other Scandinavian countries: Finland - Sweden - Norway and Finland - Sweden - Norway -; air tours to Norway and on ferries of various durations.

• 9000 BC e. The first evidence of human presence in Norway.
• 4000 BC e. Agricultural settlements appear in southern Norway.
• End VIII- mid-10th century Viking Age.
• 872-930 King Harald Fairhair begins to unite Norway.
• 961 Hakon the Good, son of Harald Fairhair and the first Norwegian king to convert to Christianity, dies in battle.
• 1015-1028 Olaf II unifies Norway and introduces Christianity to the country.
• 1030 Olaf dies at the Battle of Stiklestad. Subsequently, he becomes the patron saint of Norway under the name of Olaf the Saint.
• 1070 Construction begins on the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.
• XIII V. A short golden age of stability and prosperity.
• 1349-1351 The Black Death reduces the country's population by two-thirds.
• 1397-1536 Norway is part of the Kalmar Union with Sweden and Denmark.
• 1536-1814 Norway maintains a union with Denmark.
• 1814-1905 After Napoleonic wars Norway merges with Sweden.
• 1905 Norway gains full independence after peacefully leaving its union with Sweden.
• 1914 Norway remained neutral during World War I.
• 1918 Norwegian women gain the right to vote.
• 1940-1945 Germany occupies Norway during World War II.
• 1949 Norway is a member of NATO.
• 1968-1969 Discovery of oil deposits in the North Sea. Oil production begins in 1971.
• 1972 Norway votes against joining the European Union.
• 1981 Gro Harlem Brundtland becomes the first woman to head a government formed by the Workers' Party.
• 1994 Norway votes against joining the European Union for the second time. Olympic Games in Lillehammer.
• 2008 Opening of the first Norwegian Opera House in Oslo.
• 2010 The Norwegian Nobel Committee is dissatisfied with China over the awarding of the Peace Prize to Chinese political prisoner Liu Xiaobo.

Sports and recreation

In summer

Hiking and visiting glaciers. Most of all, Norwegians like to spend their leisure time “on their feet” (ga pa tur), that is, putting on a pair of shoes and stocking up on provisions, they go for the whole day to wander among delightful places, be it mountains, fjords, forests or fields. There are countless trails here, maps of which can be obtained from local travel agencies. Some of Norway's many national parks (33 on land and 7 on the Svalbard islands), such as Jotunheimen or Hardangervidda, are particularly good in this regard: most hiking trails are well-equipped and marked with piles of stones or signs. Remember that hiking time is limited from May to October, and in the Far North it is even shorter. The weather here is changeable even in high summer, so do your research before going. The Norwegian Travelers' Union can provide you with more detailed information and also runs treks themselves (www.turistforeningen.no). The short summer is also suitable for traveling on glaciers.

Nigardsbre, the tongue of the Jostedalsbre Glacier, offers adventurers the opportunity to experience the glacier with an experienced guide on 2-5 hour excursions from mid-June to mid-September (www.jostedal.com). In addition, you can visit the Okstindan and Svartisen glaciers, located beyond the Arctic Circle, for which you need to make inquiries at the Rana Spesialsport organization (www.spesialsport.no).

Bike. Norwegian roads are relatively calm, making them great for cycling in spring, summer and autumn. City streets have begun to be equipped with bicycle lanes, and riding on country roads is rarely a problem. You can easily rent a bicycle, even in rural areas, where hotels often rent them out to their guests on an hourly or daily basis. In mountainous areas, such riding sometimes requires a lot of strength, and in addition, one must take into account that the distance can be long, and along the way, especially in the Far North, you can rarely count on help. One of our favorite routes is the Miners' Road, which runs from Heutastøll or Finse train station to Flåm or Boss, a distance of up to 108 km. There is also the North Sea Cycle Route, which is part of the world's longest cycle route, crossing seven countries. For more information and maps, contact Bike Norway (www.bike-norway.com).

Fishing. In a country where there is so much water, it is not surprising that there is a craze for fishing. You can go fishing in the sea or on the river. The Lofoten Islands are the most convenient for such activities, and the original fishing culture is best preserved here, as evidenced by the old rorbu fishing huts where you can rent accommodation.

Fishing trips are offered in many places in Norway, which can be inquired into at local travel agencies, or you can purchase a fishing license sold at www.inatur.no.

This activity is popular in many places. The Lofoten Islands with their inaccessible mountains are considered the center of rock climbing, and in Henningsvær there is a mountaineering school (www. nordnorskklatreskole.no). In addition, one can note Jotunheimen with peaks up to 2000 m, the ridge of the Vesteralen archipelago and the ridge of the Lyngen Alps. You can also climb on ice (over frozen waterfalls) in Rjukan. The Norwegian Travelers' Union (Den Norske Turistforening, DNT) provides training for rock climbers (www.turistforeningen.no).

Rafting, sailing and canoeing. You can raft on numerous rivers and on the sea among the fjords. Rafting on the Vestfjord between the Lofoten Islands and the mainland is only possible if the wind and current are favorable. Sailing is widespread mainly in the south of the country and in the Oslofjord area. Rowing can be done wherever there is water, but the western fjords are especially picturesque, while in the Far North the places are calmer, there are fewer pleasure boats and ferries. More information can be found at the Norwegian Canoe Association (www.padling.no).

Wildlife and bird watching. In many places in Norway you can see animals such as reindeer and elk, and in Dovrefjell National Park the more exotic musk ox (www.moskussafari.no) and in Finnmark county king crab. A huge number of birds (473 species) nest inland and on the coast. To combine bird watching with a crab safari, contact the travel agency Arctic Tourist (www.arctictourist.no) in Finnmark.

Midnight sun. The midnight sun can be observed in many parts of Northern Norway from May to August depending on the latitude of the place. It is best to admire it from a hill or from the sea.

in winter

Running and skiing. Cross-country skiing is the most beloved winter sport in Norway, where over 7,000 km of ski trails have been laid through the efforts of the Norwegian Travelers' Union alone. Such trails can be found even within Oslo, and most counties build their own trails, sometimes illuminated in the evenings, so that people can go skiing after work. IN National parks Jotunheimen, Rondane and Dovrefjell offer some of the best cross-country skiing conditions in the country. In addition, there are many places where you can practice alpine skiing, from Geilo, Hemsedal and Trysil counties in the center of the country to Narvik in the north. Best time for skiing it is February - April, but it is quite possible to ski from November to mid-May. Check the snow conditions on the website www.skiinfo.no.

Dog sleds. In the north of the country, dog sled trips are organized, lasting from an hour to two to five days. You can either drive the team yourself, or sit tightly wrapped up and leave all the work to the driver and the dogs. For more information, please visit the information website www.visitnorway.com, or contact the travel agency Nordland Adventures (www.nordlandturselskap.no).

Skates. With the arrival of winter, outdoor skating rinks appear, including everyone's favorite in the center of Oslo, near the National Theatre. There are also natural ice skating rinks on frozen lakes, rivers and fjords, but check with the locals before heading there. At artificial skating rinks, you can usually rent skates, and sometimes you can take lessons.

Ice fishing (pimpling). For this kind of activity, a hole is drilled in the ice, through which the fish are then pulled out, getting a good catch even in winter. Bring waterproof gloves and a thermos of hot chocolate. Tour operator Competent Travels (www.competenttravels.no) from Tromsø runs three-day ice fishing safaris.

Northern lights (aurora borealis). Given a natural phenomenon Best seen in October, February and March between 6pm and 1am. The brightest flashes are visible above the Arctic Circle, where there is less light pollution, but you can admire the northern lights further south. When going to see such a spectacle, dress warmly.

Shopping

Prices for consumer goods can be high, but around three thousand stores across Norway are having sales on tax-free goods. Therefore, look for such stores with a sign about tax-free sales. VAT in Norway on many goods is 25%, and 12-19% can be claimed back by tourists from countries outside the European Union/European economic zone.

Refunds can be made through the Worldwide Refund Network points at border checkpoints, airports, border ferries and cruise ships.

The quality of most goods is usually excellent, and the traditions of local crafts go back hundreds of years. Look for salg signs in storefronts, indicating a sale or an offer to sell on more favorable terms.

Where to buy

The country's largest cities Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger and Trondheim are equipped with excellent shopping centers, but not big cities There are interesting shops, especially those selling local handicrafts.

Oslo ranges from major department stores like Glasmagasinet and House of Oslo to quirky fashion boutiques in the up-and-coming Grunerlokka district and the ultra-modern Majorstuen quarter. Aker Brygge is another neighborhood with a shopping center, where an old converted shipyard houses shops, restaurants and bars.

In Bergen, the area around Bryggen, Strandgaten, Strandgaten and Torget Square is full of interesting shops selling local handicrafts, furs and knitwear. There is also the famous Fish Market, where you can eat and buy fresh fish and seafood.

Stavanger is famous for its glass products, so here you can visit glassblowers' workshops and buy their products in specialized shops. In Midt-byen, the center of Trondheim, the Trondheim Torg shopping arcade has recently opened next to the main square with 75 shops, in addition to cafes and restaurants, and old-fashioned shops can be found on Jomfrugaten street, where the trade is mainly carried out by women.

There are many other places to shop in Norway. For example, in Tromsø, many shops and stores are located in old wooden buildings; and in the Far North, Sami crafts (duodji) made from silver and reindeer skins or bones are widely represented.

What to buy

Here is only a small list of those things that are either found only in Norway or are of excellent quality.

Local handicrafts. Traditional crafts have existed in Norway for hundreds of years, and the origins of the creativity of modern craftsmen using local materials go back to ancient crafts. Knitted items - sweaters, scarves, gloves, mittens and hats - are known throughout the world for their quality. Crafts made of wood, glass, silver and jewelry, deer skins and woven products are in great demand among visitors. In the Far North, as already mentioned, Sami handicrafts are sold.

Local food and drinks. Norway is also famous for its food, from smoked salmon and dried fish to vodka such as akvavitt, and Mack beer is brewed in the northernmost brewery in the world in the city of Tromsø. To revive memories of Norway, you can buy home smoked venison or elk sausage and cloudberry jam.

Cloth. Male and women's clothing It is often distinguished by a wonderful style, but only the price can scare away. Knits are usually heavy, but you can find lighter weight pieces as well. As a rule, there are more private shops here than chain stores, although in major cities Products from well-known global manufacturers are widely represented. The Norwegian fashion studio “Moods of Norway” has made a name for itself in Japan and Beverly Hills thanks to its colorful models (www.moodsofnorway.com).

Sport equipment. Norwegians are perhaps the most athletic people in the world, which is reflected in the shops here. Excellent all-weather and winter clothing is sold throughout, including, along with skis and skates, full ski equipment.

Entertainment

In a country as vast as Norway, home to five million people, the quality and quantity of entertainment varies from one area to another, both in town and countryside. Norway is famous for its musical and theatrical traditions, and festivals are held here, especially in the summer.

Tickets for cultural events can be ordered in advance using the services of the Norwegian branch of the American company Ticketmaster (tel.: 81-53-31-33; www.billettservice.no). Sometimes travel agencies can help with this matter.

Music, opera and dance arts

Classical music is heard everywhere in Norway, glorifying the name of the national composer Edvard Grieg. The Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra has a well-deserved reputation. He performs in his hometown of the city Concert Hall (Konserthus) from late August to early June (for tickets and repertoire, check the website www.oslofilharmonien.no). The Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra performs at the Grieghallen (www.harmonien.no); There is also the Norwegian Arctic Philharmonic Orchestra, created in 2009 and based in Tromsø (www.noso.no).

Jazz is very popular in Norway, and while the classical music season lasts from autumn to spring, jazz festivals and performances occur in the summer. There are over 30 jazz establishments in the country, including some that are located away from major roads. For more information, visit www.jazz-clubs-worldwide.com. Recently, there has been a passion for such a direction of heavy rock as black metal, and Norwegian performers of this music are very famous abroad.

Norwegian folk music has not lost its appeal, and after Alexander Rybak won the Eurovision song contest in 2009, the folk dance Halling and violin playing, which were heard in the winning song, gained even more popularity. The dance itself comes from the Hallingdal valley in Buskerud county.

In Oslo, right by the harbor, a new Opera House opened its doors in 2008. The national opera and ballet troupes are located here (you can find out about performances on the website www.operaen.no). This is the country's first opera house with excellent acoustics, where foreign opera and ballet companies often perform, and a chamber music festival is held in August.

Theater and cinema

Norway can be proud of its theatrical tradition, dating back to the dramas of the late 19th century from the pens of Henrik Ibsen and Bjornstjerne Bjornson. National Theater in Oslo (www.nationaltheatret.no), Den Nationale Scene in Bergen (www.dns.no), Rogaland Teater in Stavanger (www.rogaland-teater.no) and Trendelag Teater in Trondheim ( www.trondelag-teater.no) have an extensive repertoire, but where, naturally, most of the performances are in Norwegian. In cinemas, films are almost always shown in the original language with Norwegian subtitles.

Night life

Cities such as Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger and Trondheim have vibrant nightlife with bars and clubs that often stay open past midnight all year round. In the summer, neighborhoods like Aker Brygge in Oslo are full of people dining under the open air. Bars usually close around 1am, and even later on weekends. Keep in mind that expensive booze can mean spending a lot of money on a night out, but luckily some establishments offer discounted drinking times after work or in the early evening.

In rural areas, nightlife is not as varied, but even there, as a rule, there is at least one bar that is worth visiting in order to communicate with the locals. Many county towns near the fjords come alive in the summer, and hotels often have bars open not only to guests, but to everyone. And at ski resorts there is plenty to do during the winter night. On the website of the Oslo Tourism Authority www.visitoslo.com you can find a useful guide “What's on in Oslo”.

Norway for children

In Norway, children are especially carefully cared for. Public transport not only provides access for strollers, but also special seats on buses.

Most restaurants and cafes have high chairs for children and a children's menu. Often, hotels, campsites and other places of accommodation provide children’s playgrounds, and sometimes “paddling pools”. Cities and county centers are equipped with outdoor playgrounds, which are also available in many public places. Substantial discounts are available for children when visiting attractions, ski centers and public transport. In addition, family tickets are available for most attractions.

Cities aren't always the best places for kids, but Oslo does a lot to keep them entertained and occupied; for example, many museums provide live (interactive) communication with visitors (www. visitoslo.com). Just 20 km from Oslo, TusenFryd Holiday Park (late April - early October, opening hours vary; entrance fee) offers numerous attractions, including Europe's first 5D attraction and water park. 15 km north of Lillehammer, Hunderfossen Family Park (www.hunderfossen.no; opening hours vary; entrance fee) has 50 attractions, including a troll park, ziplining, rafting and a full-size fairytale palace.

In winter it turns into a winter park. In Telemark, located 80 km west of Oslo, there is the largest water park in Scandinavia, Bo Sommarland (www.sommarland.no; June - August; entrance fee) with 20 different ponds and water slides. In addition, there are clowns performing here, there is a Tarzan trail, rowing, and the only water roller coaster in Europe, the Master Blaster. Kristiansand Zoo, just outside the city, is open all year round and houses animals from all over the world in five parks, including a breeding area and an area where you can experience the northern desert. Pirate ships and playgrounds have also been built here (www.dyreparken.no).

The National Interactive Experimental Center Rockheim in Trondheim (www.rockheim.po; Tue-Sun 11.00-18.00; entrance fee), which opened in 2010, is dedicated to Norwegian rock and pop music. This is where you can send your restless teenagers after lunch.

The country has created all the conditions for children to play sports, so almost everywhere you can rent sports equipment like skis and skates, even for kids who are just starting to walk. Norwegian children with very early years They start skiing and skating and accompany their parents on hikes. There will always be good trainers for children of any age.

Festivals and holidays

• January. Northern Lights Festival (Tromso).
• February. Opera Festival (Kristiansund).
• March. Ski festival in Holmenkollen (Oslo). Winter Festival (Narvik) includes sport competitions, concerts and carnival. Birkebeiner ski race (lit.: birch-footed, bast-footed) (Rena - Lillehammer), a 53-kilometer ski marathon, where up to 12 thousand skiers participate.
• April. Jazz Amateur Festival (Voss), three days of jazz and folk music.
• May. International festival Music (Bergen), one of the largest music events in Scandinavia.
• June. North Cape Procession (Honningsvåg), a 68 km trek from Honningsvåg to the North Cape. Emigrant Festival (Stavanger and Kvinesdal) in memory of the Norwegians who moved to North America. Midsummer (everywhere), the summer solstice is celebrated. White Nights Marathon (Tromsø), starting in northern Norway with the onset of the white nights.
• July. International Jazz Festival (Kongsberg), open-air concerts and performances by foreign jazzmen. Games at the Bislett stadium in Oslo, international athletics competitions. International Jazz Festival (Molde), the oldest jazz festival in Norway, lasting over six days. Day 29 July (olsok) (Trondheim), day of remembrance of King Olav the Saint; and the food festival Oi! (Trondheim). Culinary festival Gladmat (Stavanger), “festival of gluttony”.
• August. International Folk Music Festival in Telemark, a celebration of folk music and folk dance. Peer Gynt Festival in the town of Vinstra, a celebration in honor of the hero of Ibsen's drama of the same name. Jazz Festival (Oslo), held since 1986. Chamber Music Festival (Oslo), chamber music performed in Akershus Castle and Fortress.
• September. Marathon in Oslo.
• December. Christmas markets (Oslo and everywhere else). With the advent of Advent (in early December), unusual Christmas gifts, handicrafts and sweets are sold at fairs in many places around the country on weekends. Award ceremony Nobel Prize Peace (Oslo), held at the city hall every year on December 10

Public holidays

• 1st of January. New Year
• March, April. Holy Thursday
• March, April. Good Friday
• March, April. Happy Monday
• 1st of May. Labor Day
• May 17. Constitution day
• May June. Ascension
• End of May/beginning of June. Spiritual Monday
• December 25th. Christmas
• December 26. Boxing Day

Norwegian cuisine

Norwegian cuisine, which prefers fresh local products, has recently found its face, and the local fish and seafood, from cod to Arctic crab and smoked salmon, are famous throughout the world. There is something for desperate meat lovers to try: for example, venison and elk dishes are increasingly appearing on the menus of the best restaurants. A new generation of chefs is reinventing local dishes, sometimes sticking strictly to traditional cuisine, sometimes introducing the originality of international cuisine.

Country food in Norway was usually prepared from what the local land provided at one time or another of the year. Many dishes that are loved to this day go back to the ancient way of life of peasants or fishermen, so that on the coast, fish predominates in food, and in the interior of the country, game.

The country's topography, which includes coastline, farmland, forests and mountains, demonstrates the different food preferences of Norwegians. Pickling, drying, smoking, pickling and pickling arose before the advent of freezing, preservation and modern food processing methods and served to preserve food during the long winter. Some meat and fish dishes have a strong flavor that takes some getting used to, but at its core, Norwegian food is fresh, healthy and tasty, with generous portions.

But all of the above does not mean that you will only find Norwegian food here. Cuisine in Norway is becoming increasingly international. Pizza, pasta and burgers are becoming as commonplace as lefse, a Norwegian pancake usually made from potatoes, and sursild, pickled herring and onions.

The cuisine of countries such as Italy, China, Thailand and India is widely represented, at least in large cities. Besides, in last years In the summer, food festivals began to take place, featuring both Norwegian and international cuisine. Food culture in Norway varies depending on the region, and the table of a resident of Oslo may differ significantly from what they eat in, for example, Bergen or Tromsø, but everywhere they prefer local products whenever possible. As a rule, in rural areas, excellent restaurants can be found in hotels, where they feed not only the guests.

Food festivals

Norwegians treat food extremely responsibly, so over the last decade food festivals have appeared in the country, a kind of holiday of gluttony. Norsk Matglede in Geilo, Gladmat in Stavanger, Norwegian Gluttony Festival in Ålesund and Oi! Trendersk Matfesival in Trondheim is just a few of the many celebrations in honor of the local food. Their program is varied: from food tastings to cooking lessons, classes with chefs and special treats from local restaurateurs. Most of the islands adhere strictly to the traditional Norwegian cuisine, which is at the origins of modern national cuisine, but the Gladmat food festival, held every summer on the shores of the picturesque harbor of Stavanger, tries to instill an international spirit in it. In Geilo, on the contrary, preference is given to small producers and natural products. Festivities often take place at the height of summer, when stalls are taken outside so that food can be enjoyed in the fresh air, admiring the beauty of the Norwegian nature.

Where there is

In Norway they try to eat relatively early. Although most Norwegians work outside the home, they eat dinner surprisingly early, apparently as a result of the habit of earlier times. It's unusual to see restaurants serving dinner from 5 p.m., and in small towns it can be difficult to eat after nine or ten p.m. when most bars close.

What is

Most hotels serve an international breakfast, while for Norwegians breakfast can be hearty and consist of one cup of coffee, always black. A working Norwegian cannot do without taking a “packed ration” (matpakke) with him, even now when eating out or buying a sandwich is common.

As you might expect, Norwegians consume more fish than residents of many other countries, and fish has been a staple of their table for many centuries. But mollusks entered their diet later.

More than 200 species of fish and shellfish are found in Norwegian waters, some are caught in the sea, others are farmed. Norway is one of the world's largest suppliers of seafood, selling about 3 million tons of its catch abroad. Most often on the menu and at the market you can see cod, salmon, trout, herring, Arctic char, pollock, anglerfish, mackerel and red sockeye salmon. But even this variety turns out to be not enough, so we are also offered flounder, sea salmon, silver pollock, moth (sea pike), sea burbot, whiting, haddock, catfish, halibut and river flounder - and these are just the most common species.

Once the fish is cooked, Norwegian cuisine is rather stingy with spices and seasonings: most often salt, pepper and a few herbs like dill and mustard seed are used. Boiling, stewing, poaching, smoking and salting are the favorite types of cooking fish, often served with one boiled new potato and a piece of butter. Perhaps the most famous Norwegian dish is gravlaks (literally “buried salmon”), salmon fillet salted with sugar.

Fish chowder, usually milk-based, is a favorite along the country's coastline, made from a variety of fish and shellfish with the addition of vegetables and potatoes. Herring, salted with all sorts of additives, from mustard and onions to tomatoes and herbs, is another truly adored dish here. The taste of fermented trout (rakfisk), along with dried fish (lutefisk), moth or cod soaked in an alkaline solution, takes some getting used to. They are usually eaten at Christmas, although many people who are unaccustomed to their inherent smell may find it foul. Dried fish (torrfi.sk) is incredibly popular here as a light snack. They eat it both dried and boiled.

On the coast, especially the northern one, there may also be such a dish as whale meat. Norwegians do not consider it shameful to eat it, and whaling in the north has been going on for centuries. Roast whale meat, hamburgers with whale meat, etc. are offered in many restaurants, although less often now that whale catch quotas have been cut.

Shellfish, which became a common food only in the second half of the 20th century, have gained great popularity here, so that now Norwegians consume large quantities of seafood, including Arctic shrimp, lobster, oysters, mussels, scallops and crabs. The huge king crab caught near the North Cape is especially good. In the summer there are crab feasts (krabbelag), when crabs are eaten with simple bread, butter and perhaps a wheel of lemon.

However, in Norway they are not limited to just fish and seafood. There are a lot of meat dishes here, and dairy products have always been adored. As for the gluttons, there's plenty to offer for desperate tasters. In the north, dishes are made from venison, as well as elk meat, including “buried elk” (gravet elg), elk meat salted with sugar, as is the case with the already mentioned salmon. In addition, pork, beef, chicken, lamb and mutton are widely used. Meatballs (kjottekaker) are a favorite, often with sour lingonberry sauce or spices. Stewed lamb with cabbage (farikal, “lamb with cabbage”), a winter-warming dish, is served with potatoes.

Stalls or counters often sell all kinds of sausages as a light snack, including venison and elk salami, or simple hot dogs (varme pelser). Many restaurants offer dishes from the gifts of nature appropriate to the time of year: fresh berries are used for sweets, sauces or marinades in the summer and early autumn, a little later they are replaced by a variety of mushroom dishes, in the fall it’s time for magnificent game, and in the winter - hearty stews, soups and casseroles .

Vegetables on the local table, unfortunately, are not so generously presented, so vegetarians will have to dodge in search of something suitable, but this situation is beginning to change, at least in big cities.

Bread goes with many dishes, and it is represented by various cereals. Sandwiches here are usually open: all kinds of cuts are piled on a slice of bread.

Desserts consist mainly of fresh berries with sour cream or cream, and a Norwegian innovation can be considered waffles, served with clotted cream and jam made from all kinds of berries: most often strawberries, cloudberries, raspberries and blueberries.

What drink

Norwegians simply love coffee, ranking first in the world in consumption of this drink (about 160 liters per person per year). Neither a short break, nor a friendly or family meeting is complete without coffee, and any pastime is unthinkable without a large cup of coffee.

There is even coffee with alcohol (karsk), a drink that originates in Trønnelag. Usually vodka or moonshine is added to coffee.

In recent years, tea has become widespread, so that now there is a wide selection of tea in shops, hotels and restaurants. There is a wide selection of soft drinks and fruit juices from local and foreign producers. In addition, in rural areas, many people still prefer to drink a large mug of milk with lunch.

Norway is well known for its tough attitude towards alcohol, but Norwegians themselves love to drink. The country has a state monopoly on the production and sale of wine (Vinmonopolet), and although prices for alcohol in stores can be quite high, they are quite reasonable compared to prices in bars and restaurants.

Norway has a long history of drinking beer and has many of its own breweries, such as Ringnes in Oslo, Nasha in Bergen, SV in Kristiansand and the world's northernmost brewery, Mack in Tromsø. In addition, strong alcoholic drinks such as aquavit (akevitt) and vodka are produced in Norway. Vikingfjord is a brand of Norway's own vodka. Well-known brands of Norwegian aquavit are Gammel Opland, Lime and Gilde, and aquavit is mostly drunk at Christmas. During the rest of the year, foreign varieties of alcohol are preferred. Wine is becoming widespread, but it is not cheap. Indeed, if you order wine for dinner, the bill will more than double.

Moonshine (hjemmebrent), which is usually distilled from potatoes, is quite widespread, especially in rural areas.

Accommodation

The standard of hotels in Norway is generally high. Prices can also be quite high as many hotels cater to business travelers. In the summer or on weekends there are significant discounts, when hotels offer special conditions to attract guests. In recent years, international hotel chains have begun buying up smaller family-owned hotel businesses. Such steps do not seem to have led to a decrease in the level of service, but to some extent contributed to increased competition and lower prices. Please note that the main tourist season in Norway is very short, so not all rental conditions apply all year round, although this may vary.

In addition to hotels, there are also other accommodation options, in particular in rural areas there are pensions and rooms with bed and breakfast, accommodation in a farmstead, youth hostel, camping and, most of all in demand, a separate house, the so-called hut, hytte ). Hotel groups such as the Historic Hotels and Restaurants of Norway (De Historiske; www.dehistoriske.com) operate a number of distinctive hotels throughout the country. On the coast, such as the Lofoten Islands, you can stay in an old rorbu fisherman's hut or even a lighthouse. Norway's most comprehensive hotel pass, the Fjord Pass, offers discounts at 170 locations throughout the country (www.fiordtours.com). The Norwegian Tourism Authority can advise on where to stay, and you can book a hotel room online at www.visitnorway.com.

Campings

There are approximately a thousand campsites in Norway, ranging from one- to five-star. Most campgrounds are open only from June to August, and only a few are open longer than that, including year-round ones for caravans. In addition, many places are equipped with cottages that can be rented for a week in the summer. The cost of a place is 80-150 CZK per day, with an additional charge for electricity. The Norwegian and Scandinavian camping card can be purchased at all related locations, which entitles its holders to receive a discount, fast-track registration and many other benefits.

The international camping card has the same benefits. Useful information can be found on the websites www.camping.no and www.norwayd.irect.com. According to the Norwegian Public Access Act, you can pitch a tent or sleep outdoors anywhere on open, unfenced land in the countryside for up to 48 hours, as long as you are at least 150m from the nearest house. For longer stays you will need permission from the land owner. In addition, please note that you cannot light a fire near the forest from April 15 to September 15.

Airports

The main airports in Norway are Gardermoen in Oslo, Flesland in Bergen, Sola in Stavanger and Vaernes in Trondheim. In addition, Oslo is served by Sandefjord Airport in the town of Torp near Sanefjord. Due to the distances and local terrain, it is a good idea to travel around the country by plane, given the developed network of local airlines. Norway has 16 main airports, including international airports, and 29 domestic airports. Taxis at major airports are not cheap. Oslo Gardenmoen Airport is located 50 km from the capital city center and has one terminal serving international and domestic flights, with plenty of eateries, duty-free shops, a tourist information office and a car rental service. The fastest way to get to Oslo city center in 19 minutes is the Flytoget express train, which departs six times an hour to Oslo Central Station. In addition, they regularly go commuter trains Norwegian State Railways, and in front of the airport there is a stop for intercity buses and taxis (www.oslo.no). Ryanair and other airlines that offer low-cost flights fly to Torp Airport near Sanefjord, located 110 km from Oslo. Buses arrive when planes arrive, and the journey takes 2-2.5 hours. There are also trains and a shuttle bus to Sanefjord (www.torp.no). Bergen Flesland Airport is located 20 km from the city and is equipped with everything you need. Frequent bus services connect the bus station and Radisson hotels to the airport, and the journey takes approximately half an hour (www.bergen-guide.com).

Stavanger Sola Airport lies 15 km from the city center and is equipped, in addition to a conference center, with everything you need. A regular bus gets to the city in 20-30 minutes, there are also taxis (temp.: 67-03-10-00, www.avinor.no).

Trondheim Vaernes Airport is located 35 km north of the city center and has shops and restaurants, a hotel, a lounge, and currency exchange offices. You can get here by train, express bus, regular bus or taxi. The journey takes approximately 35-40 minutes (tel.: 67-03-25-00, www.avinor.no).

Travel budget

In cities and rural areas, prices for services vary during high season and low season. The prices below are approximate prices only. As a rule, it is more expensive to live in cities than in the outback (with a few exceptions, like the well-known fjords).

Car rental. Prices fluctuate greatly. A weekly rental will cost from 2800 CZK for a small car to 3700 CZK for a large car. Many companies install a child seat for an additional price.

Hotels. Depending on the cost of daily living, housing can be divided into cheap, affordable and expensive (based on two people, including breakfast): 1100 CZK, 1100-1800 CZK and over 1800 CZK. Prices can be significantly less than 1100 CZK, and significantly more than 1800 CZK. There are many special discount offers, Sunday rates and packages for tourists.

Food and drinks. Breakfast in a cafe or restaurant costs 50-80 CZK; lunch 60-120 CZK; dinner in an average restaurant without drinks 200-250 CZK per person; coffee or soft drink 20-30 CZK; bottle of wine from 150 CZK; strong alcohol (400 ml) 80 CZK. Breakfast and lunch at the hotel are profitable, and the former are especially filling, while most restaurants serve one standard dish for lunch.

Museums. 30-80 CZK. Children usually receive half discount.

Fuel. 12.20 CZK per liter of gasoline and 11.20 CZK per liter of diesel fuel. Most gas stations are equipped with automatic pumps that accept banknotes and credit cards. Public transport. Traveling in Norway is expensive, but the buses and trains are comfortable. The average cost of a ticket for the Oslo - Bergen train is 600 CZK.

Taxi is expensive. The road from Gardermoen airport to the center of Oslo will cost 610-720 CZK, depending on the time of day.

Tourist card. The Oslo Pass and Bergen Card give you free access to many attractions, as well as free travel on public transport, and many other benefits. For more information, visit www.visitoslo.com and www.visitbergen.com. On the website www. visitnorway.com contains information about all passes and tourist cards.

Bicycles for rent

Bicycles can be easily rented from rental shops or local travel agencies, guesthouses and hotels. Roads are generally uncrowded, and larger cities have bike paths. Please note that travel in mountainous areas may not be easy. There are few cities and villages, the distances between them are large, especially in the Far North, and the weather is changeable. Prices vary and depend on the quality of the bike and the terrain, ranging from approximately 60-350 CZK per day. Travel agencies usually have good maps and information about cycling routes. Two routes are especially picturesque, around the North Sea and the Miners' Road. For more information, visit www.bike-norway.com.

Car rental

All major car rental companies have a presence in Norway, including Avis, Eurosag and Hertz, and local Norwegian rental shops also offer their services at competitive prices. In most cities you can find car rental companies, or rent them directly at the airport, making a reservation or upon arrival. Prices usually decrease the longer you rent a car, and there are special discounts in the summer and on weekends. Typically, you can rent a car in one place and leave it in another. When renting a car, you must have a driver's license from your country of residence that is valid for at least one year. If you are not a citizen of the European Union, you must have an international driving license with you. Cars are available for hire to people over 19 years of age, but if you are under 25 years of age you will have to pay a young driver tax of around 100 CZK per day. Insurance is required, so make sure it is included in your car rental price.

Climate

The Gulf Stream contributes to the establishment of a milder climate in Norway than is expected for such latitudes, so that the temperature in summer sometimes rises to 25-30°C. Temperatures vary significantly between winter and summer, north and south, on the coast and inland, at sea level and on mountain peaks. The weather is also changeable, so in many places they joke that “all the seasons can fit in one day.” From the end of June to mid-August, the days are sunny, and the air temperature is about 25°C, and the water temperature is 15-18°C, with the exception of the Far North. In the Arctic regions, the midnight sun can be observed at this time. Spring and autumn are colder and damper. In autumn in these latitudes you can already see northern lights(aurora borealis), especially in October, February and March. In winter, much of Norway, with the exception of the coast, is covered in snow, and temperatures inland can drop to -40°C. It can rain on the coast at any time of the year, and even in summer the temperature here sometimes drops to 10°C, especially in the evenings.

Cloth

Since the weather can be changeable throughout the day, it's a good idea to wear something on top to protect yourself from the vagaries of the weather. Even on a sunny day, try to take an umbrella and a raincoat along with sunglasses and a wide-brimmed sun hat. Norwegians are not prim, so wear shorts and a T-shirt when sightseeing on a warm day. In the evening or when going on a boat trip, be sure to take a sweater with you. Sturdy shoes are important not only for hiking and outdoor activities, but also for walking on the cobblestone sidewalks of many cities. In winter, you need warm clothes, boots, a scarf, gloves and a hat.

Crime and safety

Norway is a relatively safe country, with low level crime, especially in terms of serious crimes, so that visitors rarely encounter crimes. In rural areas, night theft or petty theft is prevalent. Take the same precautions as at home, watch your belongings, especially in crowded places and on public transport, and do not walk alone at night in unlit places in big cities.

Car driving

Roads are generally calm, except in large cities (but even there traffic jams are rare), and are well maintained. In winter, snow tires are a must (installation times vary depending on location). Some roads in the Far North are closed in winter. In the spring, as the ground thaws, it becomes dangerous to drive on certain sections of roads. In mountainous areas there are long tunnels, including the longest in the world, 24.5 km long.

Speed ​​Limit. Typically the speed limit is 80 km/h. In residential areas it does not exceed 30 km/h; in densely built-up areas - 50 km/h; on dual carriageways and on motorways - 90 or 100 km/h. Cars with trailers and caravans must not travel above 80 km/h, even on faster highways.

Documentation. You must have a driving license from your country of residence valid for at least one year, or, if you are not a citizen of a country within the European Union/European Economic Area, an international driving license.

Traffic Laws. Drive on the right side, pass on the left and give way to traffic moving on the right unless there are other signs. Seat belts are required in both the front and rear seats. The country has an irreconcilable attitude towards drunk driving, which is why random checks of drivers are often carried out on the roads. The permissible level of alcohol in the body should not exceed 0.2 mg per liter of blood, so it is better to refrain from alcohol when driving, otherwise the specified limit may be exceeded and, as a result, a large fine and even deprivation of rights are inevitable.

Accidents and breakdowns. In the event of an accident or breakdown, you must display a warning triangle and wear a yellow fluorescent jacket. Emergency services: Norges Automobil-Forbund NAF, Tel: 0810-00-505, Falken, Tel: 02222 (toll-free) or Viking, Tel: 06000 (toll-free).

Electricity

Mains voltage 220 V/50 Hz, two-pin European plug. Take an adapter with you just in case.

Embassy and consulates

Russian Embassy in Norway. Norge, 0244 Oslo, Drammensveien, 74. Tel.: (8-10-47) 22-55-32-78. Fax: (8-10-47) 22-55-00-70. Email: [email protected].

Consulate General of the Russian Federation in Kirkenes. Norge, 9900 Kirkenes, Postbox 98, Radhusplassen. Tel.: (8-10-47) 78-99-37-37, 78-99-37-38. Fax: (8-10-47) 78-99-37-42. Email: [email protected].

Consulate of the Russian Federation in Barentsburg (Spitsbergen island). Norge, Svalbard, Barentsburg, Den Russiske Foderasjons Konsulat. Tel.: (8-10-47) 79-02-17-85. Fax: (8-10-47) 79-02-17-85. Email: [email protected].

Emergency services

For the police, call 112, for ambulance - 113, for the fire service - 110. For non-urgent matters, call the police at 02800.

Information for gays and lesbians

The legislation and, as a rule, the people of Norway are quite tolerant towards representatives of sexual minorities. Most of these types of travelers do not experience any inconvenience, but it must be remembered that Norway is a sparsely populated country, so there are not many places for them outside of the large cities, although there are very few special bars or clubs there. A tolerant attitude towards supporters of same-sex love cannot always be found in rural areas, although you rarely encounter obvious intolerance. More detailed information can be provided by the Norwegian Union of Sexual Minorities, LLH: Valkyriegaten 15A 5th floor, N-0366 Oslo, tel.: 023-10-39-39, www.llh.no. There is also a section for them on the website www.visitoslo.com/en/gay-oslo.

Arrival

By plane. Many international carriers, including SAS, British Airways, Continental Airlines, Norwegian, KLM, Lufthansa and Thai Airways, fly to Norway either directly or with connections. Local flights are operated by SAS, Norwegian and Wideroe airlines.

By sea. There are ferry services between Norway and Denmark, operated by Color Line (www.colorline.com), DFDS Seaways (www.dfdsseaways.co.uk), Fjordline (www.jjordline.com) and Stena Line "(www. stenaline.co.uk), and in addition, ferries of the Color Line carrier run from Oslo to the German Kiel and from the Swedish Strömstad to Sandfjord. In Norway, numerous ferries and ships ply along the coast: the best known is the Hurtigruten steamship line between Bergen and Kirkenes in the Far North (www. hurtigruten.co.uk or www.hurtigruten.com).

By train. One option for arriving in, traveling through, and leaving a country involves purchasing a train pass like Interrail (for Europeans) or Eurail (for others). It can be ordered before leaving your country online using the Eurail Group (www.interrailnet.com), or by contacting European Rail on 020-7619-1083 or www.europeanrail.com (regular rail services). tickets within Europe).

Guides and excursions

English is widely spoken in Norway, so it is easy to find English-speaking guides and English-language tours. Many bus, boat and museum tours are conducted in several languages: Norwegian, English, German, French and, increasingly, Russian, Chinese and Japanese. Travel agencies can book excursions and guides and provide multilingual brochures on available excursions. Some of the most popular tours, such as Norway in a Nutshell, are run by Nutshell Tours and Fjord Tours (www.norwaynutshell.com and www.fjordtours.com). A useful list of travel agencies can be found at www.visitnorway.com.

Health and medical care

Norway is part of the European Economic Area, so visitors from countries in this area have the same benefits medical service, as for the Norwegians. Citizens of countries belonging to the European Union/European Economic Area must have a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), issued online at www.ehic.org.uk; it is issued free of charge for five years. It is highly advisable to obtain travel insurance. Make sure it also covers winter or extreme sports if you're planning on taking part in them. There is no vaccination requirement to travel to Norway, and tap water is quite safe.

There is a 24-hour pharmacy (apotek) in Oslo: Jernbanetorvet Pharmacy, Jernbanetorget 4B, N-0154 Oslo, tel.: 23-35-81-00.

Language

Norway has two official written languages ​​- bokmal (" written language") and Nynorsk (nynorsk, "New Norwegian"). Approximately 86% of the population uses Bokmål. In addition, in Norway, more than 20 thousand people speak Sami languages, which are part of the Finno-Ugric language branch and are not related to the Norwegian language. Widely spread English language, which is taught in school from an early age.

Knowledge of some common expressions in Norwegian, although not required, will be appreciated. Pronunciation can be a stumbling block, and in addition, the Norwegian alphabet has three additional letters for vowels, located at the end of the alphabet: æ, ø and å. Å is pronounced as “o”, æ as “e”, and ø as “e”, and at the beginning of a word as “e”.

Cards

Most local travel agencies have excellent maps of their region.

Mass media

Radio and television. The country has two leading television companies - the state-owned NRK, which broadcasts on four channels, and TV2, also with four channels. All programs go to original language With subtitles. State radio is also dominated by NRK, with three channels operating in the FM broadcast frequency range and with digital broadcasting.

Newspapers and magazines. According to the international non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders, Norway ranks first in the world in terms of freedom of the press. The leading daily newspapers are Aftenposten, Dagbladet and Dagsavisen, but there are many more local newspapers and magazines. The Norway Post (www.norwaypost.no), which publishes news from Norway, is published in English.

Money

Currency. The monetary unit of Norway is the Norwegian crown (krone; denoted kg or NOK). 1 crown is equal to 100 ore (ore). In circulation there are coins in denominations of 50 öre, 1, 5, 10, 20 crowns and banknotes in denominations of 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 crowns.

Exchange offices. Money can be exchanged at the airport and Oslo Central Station, as well as at many commercial and savings banks, some post offices, Forex offices and some hotels. Exchange is carried out mainly through Forex branches (usually open Mon-Fri 8.00-20.00, Sat 9.00-17.00).

Credit and debit cards. Most well-known credit cards are accepted even in small establishments, which eliminates the need to carry large amounts of cash. ATMs are everywhere, and they are easy to use, and in all cities there is sure to be at least one such machine, but in the outback it is better to have some cash with you.

If you lose your credit card, call: American Express, tel.: 0800-68-100. Diners Club, tel.: 021-01-50-00. Mastercard, tel.: 0800-30-250. VISA, tel.: 0815-00-500.

Traveler's checks. Traveler's checks are gradually falling out of use, but they can still be exchanged at banks, Forex and other exchange offices. Banks usually offer better exchange rates.

Opening hours

The shops. Most stores are open Mon-Fri 10.00-17.00 or until 18.00, Sat 9.00-14.00. Shops in large cities and large shopping centers or supermarkets are open longer, until 20.00 or 21.00, and also on Sun. Some shops still close for lunch, especially in rural areas, and private shops usually close for two weeks or more in July or August.

Banks. Banks are open Mon-Fri 9.00-15.30, until 17.00 Thurs. In summer (mid-May - mid-August) banks close at 14.30 every day, but exchange offices are open longer.

Police

Most police stations are open on weekdays and have an officer on duty to whom people can report a crime or other incident. The police phone number is 112, the call is free even from a payphone.

Mail

Norwegian mailboxes for both domestic and international correspondence are the same color, red. Most post offices are open Mon-Fri 8.00-17.00 and Sat 9.00-15.00, closed Sun.

Public transport

Norway public transport connects many parts of the country, but you have to get to remote rural areas or places in the Far North by car or boat.

Aircraft. One of the best means of transportation around the country is air transport. There are about 50 airports in Norway, from where planes fly to even the smallest counties. The main domestic air carriers are SAS (www.flysas.com), Norwegian (www.norwegian.com) and Wideroe (www.wideroe.no).

The Norwegian State Railways, NSB, stretches for 3000 km, all the way to Bodø. Some of the routes pass through amazingly scenic terrain, notably the Bergen Railway from Oslo to Bergen, the non-electrified Rauma line from Dombas to Andalsnes and the Flåm Railway from Myrdal to Flåm. For tickets, please visit www.nsb.no.

There are a number of bus carriers operating in Norway, the largest of which is Nor-Way Bussekspress, which serves 40 routes (www.nor-way.no). Tickets can be purchased online or at the bus station. If there is free space, you can carry a bicycle and skis as luggage. The schedule of many buses is coordinated with the schedule of ferries or other bus routes that intersect with them.

Ferries/ships. A huge number of ferry and ship carriers serve the Norwegian coast. In many cases these are steamship lines or car ferries linking the fjords and numerous islands to the mainland. It is often faster to cross the fjord by ferry than by the nearest bridge, which still needs to be reached, and many roads are connected by ferry crossings. The leading carriers are Hurtigruten, Fjordl, Tide, Fjordline, Kolumbus, Rodne Fjordcruise and Senja Ferries.

Religion

Approximately 80% of the country's population is Protestant, belonging to the Lutheran Church. This figure is somewhat misleading, since a person is enrolled in the church immediately after baptism, but in reality Norway appears to be one of the most secular countries in Europe, where residents attend church once or twice a year. About 10% of the population does not profess any religion, and the rest belong to one religion or another, from Sami shamanism to the Bahai religion.

Phones

Pay phones accept coins, phone cards, or credit cards and can be easily found in major cities. Phone cards are sold at newsstands, 7-Eleven chain stores, and other similar stores. In the outback, including Far North, pay phones are harder to find. Therefore, it is better to take your mobile phone with you or, in case of a long stay in the country, buy a Norwegian SIM card, not forgetting about high roaming prices and the inability to receive a call back.

Difference in time

Time in Norway is two hours behind Moscow. When it’s noon in Moscow, it’s ten o’clock in the morning in Norway. Norway switches to summer time at the end of March, and for the winter - at the end of October.

Tips

It is customary to round up the bill in a restaurant or bar to the nearest 5 or 10 crowns, but people rarely get offended if they don’t do this. In case of good service in a restaurant or bar, you can leave a tip of 10% of the bill. Taxi drivers sometimes receive slightly larger tips, whereas, for example, in a hair salon they are not accepted.

Toilets

There are many clean and tidy public toilets in cities; In most cases, payment is made via a machine, the average cost is 5 CZK. In rural areas it is not so easy to find a toilet, but you can use the restrooms, often for free, at service stations, near the main square or at travel agencies. Along the highways there are roadside parking areas with toilets, but in the outback and on country roads there are, of course, no latrines.

Tourist Information

A ledge on Mount Skjeggedal called "Troll's Tongue"

The Norwegian Tourism Board operates 17 main tourist information offices throughout the country, and in addition there are many local tourist information offices, although some of these are only open during the summer. All bureaus display the international tourist sign (white letter “i” on a green background). The employees are knowledgeable everywhere, often speaking several languages, so they can tell you about their region and book accommodation and excursions.

• Tourist Information Office Central Station, Trafikanten Service Centre, Jernbanetorget 1, N-0154 Oslo (Mon-Fri 9.00-16.00), tel.: 81-53-05-55, www.visitoslo.com.
• The Norwegian Information Office, Fridtjof Nansens Plass 5, N-0160 Oslo, tel.: 24-14-77-00, www.visitnorway.com, has information about Oslo and other parts of Norway.
• Bergen, Vagsallmenningen 1, N-5003 Bergen, tel.: 55-55-20-00, www.visitbergen.com.
• Stavanger, Domkirkeplassen 3, N-4006 Stavanger, men.: 51-85-92-00, www.regionstavanger.com.

Visas and passports

To travel to Norway, residents of EU countries only need to have a valid passport. Arrivals from Canada, Australia, the USA and New Zealand do not need a tourist visa as long as they spend no more than 90 days in Norway.

Citizens of other countries should check with their country's Norwegian embassy. A tourist visa is usually issued for three months.

Norway is one of the countries participating in the Schengen Agreement. Citizens of Russia and the CIS countries require a visa and a passport to visit Norway.

• “Ga pa tur,” which means “to take a walk,” is one of the features of the purely Norwegian attitude to life, when everyone, young and old, takes off somewhere, if not every weekend, then quite often. Dressed warmly and putting on strong boots, they go into nature, often their path lies in the mountains. A stop is certainly made to refresh ourselves with the provisions taken, usually consisting of sandwiches with a thick slice of bread and hot black coffee from a thermos. On summer weekends, whole families set off to conquer peaks and fjords in many of the country's picturesque destinations, particularly in the country's 33 national parks.
• After being adopted by Norway in the 11th century. Christianity, the first local preachers began building churches in the once pagan lands. These so-called stavkirks are medieval wooden structures, named for the support pillars installed in the middle, around which a wooden frame was then built. Previously, there were about two thousand such churches in Northern Europe, but very few of them have survived to this day.
  Twenty-nine staves, most of them from the 12th century, can still be seen today. The Stavkirka of Urnes in Sogn og Fjordane is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
• Olav Haraldson (995-1030) completed the unification of Norway, which he began in the 9th century. his ancestor Harald Horfager (Fair-Haired). He, who converted to Christianity in England, was destined not only to convert the country to this faith, but also to unite it. Long before all this happened, he fell in the Battle of Stiklestad, but soon miracles began to occur at his grave, now located in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim, as a result of which he began to be revered as a saint. Olaf becomes the patron saint of Norway. In 1997, the pilgrimage route to Trondheim, declared a European cultural route in 2010, was resumed.
• The Viking Shipwright Museum in Oslo contains some of the most successful finds, including the Ouseberg ship, found in a burial mound at Ouseberg, near the town of Tønsberg, west of Oslo. The rook dates back to around 800 AD.
• When entering the house, do not forget to take off your shoes, otherwise you will make your first (and perhaps unforgivable) mistake.
• Nightclubs are restricted to adults only, often 21 years of age or older. Therefore, if you look younger than your age, take your ID with you.
• On Christmas, you can try soaked dried fish (lutefisk), lamb rib, partridge and, of course, alcohol: mulled wine (glogg, often diluted with stronger alcohol), juleel (Jula0l, Christmas beer) and akvavitt vodka, the strongest drink ( from grain or potatoes with the addition of caraway seeds).
• Norwegians love black coffee, without milk or sugar, which they drink from a large cup. And yet they do not suffer from insomnia at all.