Presentation on the topic "reserves of the Novosibirsk region." Natural conditions of the Suzunsky district of the Novosibirsk region
“Prioksko - Terrace Reserve” - The unconscious value of nature reserves. The duration of the frost-free period in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve is more than 135 days. The Prioksko-Terrasny State Reserve is located on an area of 5 thousand hectares. Ecological (environmental, environment-forming) value of reserves. Nature reserves are the most famous and strict form of territorial nature protection.
“Ecology of Nature” - Methodological objectives: Stages: Results. Participants: 11th grade of school No. 45. Main question: Why is it necessary to protect nature? Creative project name: Soil, air and water are our best friends. Subject educational project: Protecting or polluting the environment. Didactic goals: Academic subjects: German language, ecology, regional studies.
“Reserves of Novosibirsk” - Manuylovsky reserve. The northern part of the May morning reserve is included within the boundaries of wetlands. The main migration routes of many bird species run through the territory of the May morning reserve. The area of the Kirzinsky federal reserve is 119,808 hectares. The state landscape-biological reserve “Chanovsky” consists of 77% wetlands.
“Nature management” - Reduction of water areas and territories for full-fledged economic activity. The idea of environmental management as a system. Sign of a system crisis (SC) and characteristics of the state of subsystems. Worsening of the unsatisfactory demographic situation. Sign of KS. Progressive deterioration of habitat quality, including climate change.
"Climate Warming" - Fertile coastal regions will fall victim to the sea and be flooded. Possible consequences global warming climate. Kyoto Protocol. Rising temperatures will increase the evaporation of moisture from the ocean surface. Science has proven more than once, and facts have confirmed, that temperatures are rising rapidly. Portage Glacier in Alaska.
“Environmental protection” - Emissions of air pollutants, thousand tons. Social sustainability (9 indicators). Definitions. Efficiency of resource use (7 indicators). Purpose and direction. Environmental protection. Environmental statistics indicators are being introduced in accordance with Government Decree No. 848.
There are 16 presentations in total
Published: 19.08.2008
Suzunsky district- the southernmost of the eastern districts of the Novosibirsk region. The distance to Novosibirsk is 191 kilometers. Communication with the regional center is by rail and road.
The total area of the district is 4.7 thousand square kilometers (2.7% of the region’s territory).
The surface of the area is a slightly undulating plain, intersected by ridges and ravines. In the south of the region there is an 80-kilometer section of the Ob River. There are many small lakes in the area - objects of sport hunting and fishing.
Minerals: granite, quartzite, limestone, clay, peat, marsh phosphates, sapropel, construction sands, building stones.
The area is located in the forest-steppe zone. This is one of the forest-rich areas of the region. The forest fund of the region has high potential and is characterized by a predominance of forest areas. Timber reserves amount to 32.2 million cubic meters. The state forest fund is dominated by pine forests – 62%. Ribbon pine forests are part of the natural historical monument of nature - the Siberian ribbon pine forests. Pine forests are rich in berries and mushrooms and serve as a recreation area for the population. The number of moose is the highest in the region. There is a wolf, a roe deer, a white hare, a weasel, and a teledut squirrel lives in the forest. Lynx live in cluttered areas of the forest. Birds include capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, turtle dove, and white partridge. The Suzunsky hunting reserve is a specially protected area with an area of 80 thousand hectares.
In the structure of the land fund, the forest area is 50%, agricultural land - 44%.
The area is agricultural. Natural conditions(northern forest-steppe foothills, most of the soil is gray forest and chernozem; sufficient moisture) allows for the cultivation of mid-season varieties of wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, and the development of cattle breeding for meat and dairy production.
The district has 15 administrative units, 14 of which are rural.
The population of the district is 33,800 people.
The regional center is the working village of Suzun. The village was founded in 1764. The status of a workers' settlement was assigned in 1939.
Suzunsky district has deep historical roots. The presence of rich pine forests, rivers, and the proximity of Altai mines created favorable conditions for the development of industry: By decree of Empress Catherine II of November 7, 1763, Suzun became the site of a copper smelter, at the Mint of which Siberian coins were minted. Together with the plant, the village of Suzun arose in 1764. It was designed in the city of St. Petersburg. The Kolyvan Copper Smelter and the Yekaterinburg Mint served as models for the construction of the plant. The plan was based on regular development, the streets were designed perpendicular to the bank of the Nizhny Suzun River and were parallel; these streets are still the basis of the master plan for the development of the village.
The most grandiose structures were: a dam, 110 meters long, 12 fathoms wide, blocking the river; ice containment bridges; coastal ridges; slots for water passage and a complex system other hydraulic structures. In 1827, to train factory personnel, a mining school was founded in Suzun, where 30 boys studied.
In 1847, the mint burned down and the Suzun workshops switched to fulfilling large orders for the entire mining industry of Siberia: copper and silver were smelted here, bells were cast, and gun production was established. Suzun can be proud of the world's first steam turbine, manufactured in his workshops.
Suzunsky district is one of 30 districts of the Novosibirsk region, on the territory of which there are currently 14 rural and 1 village council, 42 settlements.
During its existence, the Suzunsky district has undergone various transformations, both external and internal. The settlements that are now part of the Suzunsky district also experienced various changes regarding size, subordination, status and renaming.
The territory of the present Novosibirsk region, in which the Suzunsky district is located, was administratively part of the Siberian province with its center in Tobolsk from 1708, and from 1764 - to the Tobolsk province (government). In 1804, the Tomsk province was formed, which included almost the entire territory of the future Novosibirsk region, including the Suzunsky district. In 1822-1882. Tomsk province was part of the Western - Siberian general- a governorate with a center in Tobolsk, and then in Omsk.
About the place of Suzunsky district in the scheme administrative structure there is no need to talk about the pre-revolutionary period, but many villages now belonging to the region existed even then and were organized territorially accordingly.
Many of our villages were formed by settlers in the 16th and 17th centuries. - With. Bobrovskoye - 1786, village. Upper Suzun - 1526, village. Settlement - 1625, Zorino - 1574, village. Kargapolovo - 1625, village. Malo - Malyshovka - 1625, village. Malyshevo - 1778, p. Meret - 1625, p. Myshlanka - 1770, village. Nizhny Suzun - 1756, village. Porotnikovo - 1845, city, village. Taradanovo - 1624 Artamonovo, village. Bedrino - 1708, p. Cue ball – 1696, p. Boltovo - 1576, village. Eresnaya – 1805, p. Ershovo - 1676, p. Zakovryazhino, village Lushnikovo, village Mayurovo - 1891, village. Ploskaya – 1787, p. Rozhdestvenskoye, village Tatchikha, village - Uryupina - 1705, village. Kharkov - 1911, village. Cold - 1875, p. Sharchino - 1727, village, Shigaeva - 1877, village. Shipunovo - 1776
The date of formation of the Suzunsky district is considered to be September 12, 1924. It was during this period that the Suzunsky enlarged volost was transformed into the Suzunsky district, which occupied mainly the Ob region settlements. There were 4,011 households and 17,616 people lived in it. The main territory of the present district was united by the Bitkovsky district, formed from an enlarged volost of a similar name. There were 6,368 households and 33,269 people lived in it.
By Resolution of the Presidium of the West Siberian Regional Executive Committee of March 5, 1932 No. 2369 in accordance with the Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of March 2, 1932, the Bitkovsky and Suzunsky districts with the full composition of village councils were united into one Lushnikovsky, establishing a district center in the village of Lushnikovo, leaving all district institutions in the village of Zavod - Suzun.
On December 10, 1932, the newly formed district was renamed Suzunsky, with its center in the village of Zavod - Suzun, the boundaries of which have not changed to this day.
By the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of June 7, 1933, the village of Zavod - Suzun was renamed the village of Suzun, and by the Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council RSFSR on February 7, 1939, it was classified as a workers' settlement.
In 2003, the regional village of Suzun was included in the list of historical populated places in Russia.
Topic: “Reserves of the Novosibirsk region”
Target: Formation of motivation for caring for nature, expanding knowledge about nature and its protection in the Novosibirsk region, about rare and endangered species of animals and plants in their native land, activation cognitive activity; nurturing patriotism through the formation of a friendly attitude towards the environment.
Tasks:
Expand knowledge about nature conservation, protected areas, rare animals and plants of the Novosibirsk region.
To create motivation for caring for nature.
Instill a culture of environmental management.
To develop cognitive interest and creative activity of students.
Introduce influence various factors on the life activity of living organisms.
Equipment: wall newspapers, student drawings, posters, presentation (slides), multimedia equipment.
Progress of the lesson:
1. Introductory part
(organization of the class, communication of the topic, goals and objectives)
Teacher: Man has always used environment mainly as a source of resources, but for a very long time its activities did not have a noticeable impact on the biosphere. Only at the end of the last century, changes in the biosphere under the influence of economic activity attracted the attention of scientists. In the first half of the 19th century, these changes grew and have now hit human civilization like an avalanche.
The environmental effects of pollutants can manifest themselves in different ways; it can affect either individual organisms or populations, biocenoses, ecosystems, and even the biosphere as a whole.
At the organismal level, disturbances in certain physiological functions of organisms, changes in their behavior, a decrease in the rate of growth and development, and a decrease in resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors can occur.
2. Main part.
Statement of a problematic question. Conversation.
Student: We need to protect nature.
Teacher: What measures do people take to protect nature?
Student: Creates nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries.
Teacher: What is a reserve?
Student: State natural reserve - a territory (water area) of particular importance for conservation or restoration natural complexes and maintaining ecological balance. Economic activity in the territories of the reserves continues, but only to the extent that it does not harm the protected objects.
Teacher: What activities do people carry out on the territory of the reserves?
Student: Security measures are being carried out on the territory of the reserves. Places where animals are concentrated are monitored in order to predict and control their numbers, to better organize their feeding and protection from poachers. Improved living conditions are created for animals and birds: fertilizing in the winter months, making hay, sowing feed (corn, oats), making birdhouses and titmouses.
Teacher: How many nature reserves are there in the Novosibirsk region?
Student: There are 26 state reserves in the Novosibirsk region.
Teacher: What nature reserves of the Novosibirsk region do you know?
Student 1: (Pre-prepared messages)
Suzunsky reserve
Location: Suzunsky district
Square: 128,500 hectares.
State biological reserve of regional significance "Suzunsky" is the largest reserve in the Novosibirsk region. Suzunsky Bor is 80% located in it.
Goals of the formation of the Suzunsky reserve: preservation of natural complexes (objects) of the Ob forests Western Siberia; protection of wild animals (elk, roe deer, hares, river beaver, gray marmot, grouse birds, badger); maintaining ecological balance and stable functioning of ecosystems.
mining in wild animal rest areas; grazing, provision of non-arable land for development, gardening and summer cottage construction. It is also prohibited to build dams, dams and ponds here that would damage the natural habitats of wild animals; wash cars on the banks of reservoirs. In the Suzunsky Nature Reserve, collecting rare species of plants, berries, and mushrooms in rest areas of wild animals is prohibited.
Student 2:
Nature Reserve "May Morning"
Location: territory of the Kupinsky district of the Novosibirsk region, south of Lake Malye Chany.
Total area of the reserve: 21,800 hectares.
The state biological reserve “May Morning” received its beautiful name from Lake Mayskoye Utro, located on its territory.
Goals of creating the reserve:
1. Preservation of natural complexes of the forest-steppe zone of Baraba in their natural state;
2. Reproduction and restoration natural resources;
3. Protection of migration routes and mass nesting places of waterfowl and swamp game, protection of breeding and wintering areas of roe deer, habitats of rare and endangered species of animals and plants;
4. Maintaining the regime of wetlands of international importance.
The main migration routes of many, including transcontinental bird species, run through the territory of the reserve. This is the uniqueness and ecological significance of the reserve. The northern part of the reserve falls within the boundaries of wetlands of international importance. Along the shore edge of Lake Malye Chany there are reed fields, which are a place for mass nesting of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds and serve as a place for them to rest during their annual seasonal migrations.
Most of the area of the Mayskoe Utro reserve (87%) is occupied by farmland (arable lands, pastures, hayfields).
The reserve has forest-steppe areas, vast expanses of steppe, and wetlands. Forest-steppe lands are represented by the typical Barabinsk forest-steppe. Birch groves (forest islands) are the most noticeable element of the reserve’s landscape. The main population of elk, roe deer, white hare, and forest birds is concentrated among the pegs.
The main reservoir of the reserve is Lake Malye Chany, which is of fishing importance. The coastal lakes of Malye Chany and several small lakes of the borrowing type (Katorzhanka, Mayskoe morning, Poludennik and others) are the main breeding grounds for many species of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds, as well as some species of mammals (muskrat, water vole).
The vegetation of “May Morning” serves as a standard for the forest-steppe landscapes of Baraba. Some plants, for example, the aquatic plants large naiad and sea naiad, are listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region.
On the territory of “May morning” there are a number of rare or listed in the Red Book Russian Federation and Novosibirsk region animals. Thus, the following mammals are listed in the NSO Red Book: long-eared hedgehog, large jerboa, steppe pied; four species of bats: pond bat, water bat, northern leather bat and two-colored leather bat; insects: extraordinary bumblebee, spotted-backed bumblebee, Apollo butterfly; birds: black-throated loon, great egret, mute swan, white owl, scops owl, hawk owl, hoopoe, field pipit and others. Many birds, such as Dalmatian Pelican, Lesser Lesser Lesser Lesser Lesser Lesser Lesser White-fronted Duck, Duck, Peregrine Falcon, Black-headed Gullwinger, Black Grey, are also listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The white-headed duck and the Asian black-tailed godwit are included in the International Red Book.
“May Morning” is of particular interest as a place for fishing and hunting. Among the fish, it is worth highlighting the carp, among the animals - their hunting and commercial species: ducks, geese, waders, roe deer, foxes, muskrats. A security system is provided for these animals.
Student 3:
Nature reserve "Chanovsky"
Location: Zdvinsky district, east of Lake Malye Chany.
Total area of the reserve 10,191 hectares.
The state landscape-biological reserve “Chanovsky” consists of 77% wetlands. The territory of the reserve is formed by the mouth of the Chulym and Kargat rivers and a complex of lake-grazing lands (two bays of Lake Malye Chany, lakes Belukha and Mys with surrounding tracts of reed fields and swamps).
Goals of creating the reserve– protection and restoration of typical landscapes and ecosystems of the Barabinsk forest-steppe and its wetlands, which are of international importance as a habitat for waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds, including transcontinental species during their seasonal migrations.
On the territory of the Chanovsky Nature Reserve there are a number of useful, rare, or listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Novosibirsk region plants and animals.
The protection of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds is of primary importance here. The Chanovskaya lake system is a unique place; about 250 species of birds are found here, almost all the birds of the West Siberian forest-steppe.
The main water birds of the Chanovsky Nature Reserve are: the red-necked grebe, the little bittern, the mute swan, and the little crake. All these species are listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region. The white-headed duck, as a rare little-studied species, is included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The black-tailed godwit, also a rare, little-studied species, is listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
During the migration period, birds of prey also appear on the territory of the reserve - greater spotted eagle, white-tailed eagle, osprey, golden eagle, included in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region.
The delta part of the Chulym and Kargat rivers with a system of channels is the spawning site for most species of the carp family. There are a lot of fish in the lakes of the reserve, the main ones being: roach, ide, crucian carp, carp, pike perch, perch, and pike.
The territory of the reserve is also significant in relation to hunting and commercial species of animals: ducks, geese, waders, roe deer, weasel, fox, badger. The reserve is a place of muskrat reproduction for the entire Chanovskaya lake ecosystem.
Student 4:
Nature reserve "Dovolensky"
Location: in the northeastern part of the Dovolensky district, in the Barabinsk forest-steppe.
Biological profile.
Total area of the reserve: 75,844 hectares.
State biological reserve of regional significance "Dovolensky" was formed with the aim of:
1. Preservation of natural complexes of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in their natural state; conservation, reproduction and restoration of natural resources, enrichment of adjacent economically used lands;
2. Protection of reproductive sites of elk, roe deer, hares, grouse birds, badger settlements, and other species of wild animals;
3. Protection of habitats of rare and endangered species of animals;
4. Maintaining the necessary ecological balance and stability of ecosystem functioning.
14 species of animals and 56 species of birds living in the reserve are under protection.
Student 5:
Manuylovsky Nature Reserve
Location: Bolotninsky district, south of the village of Manuylovo.
Square: 12,196 hectares.
The goals of creating the Manuylovsky state biological reserve:
1. Maintaining the integrity of established ecosystems,
2. Preservation, reproduction and restoration of all species of animals living on its territory,
3.Protection of typical landscapes of Sokurskaya elevated
ost, preserving the biological diversity of the territory.
About 66% of the entire area of the reserve is occupied by farmland. Due to plowing, excessive grazing, and forest cutting, the vegetation cover of the Sokur Upland has changed greatly. As a result, in the territory of the reserve, for example, almost no meadow steppes and steppe meadows have been preserved. Natural meadow vegetation is now preserved only on steep hills, in river floodplains and other places inaccessible for plowing.
Dense river network and difficult terrain The reserve creates favorable conditions for the species diversity of flora and fauna.
On the territory of the Manuylovsky Nature Reserve there are a number of plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia and the Novosibirsk region. 23 species of higher vascular plants from the flora of the reserve are on the verge of extinction, including: common lady's slipper, grandiflora lady's slipper, and Baltic palmetto.
There are many rare species of animals here. There are forest-steppe species, species characteristic of the Salair natural complex (marmots), and species characteristic of the Ob forests and forests of the north of the region (squirrel, capercaillie).
The Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region includes 6 species of animals of the reserve - bats: brown long-eared bat, northern bat, two-color bat, pond and water bat, and a representative of rodents - the gray marmot; many birds: black-throated loon, great spotted eagle, long-tailed owl, great gray owl, black crane, white owl, hoopoe. Some insects found in the reserve are listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Novosibirsk region: several species of bumblebees, a carpenter bee, an Apollo butterfly (also listed in the International Red Book).
A number of animals living in the reserve are of interest as hunting and commercial species. Accordingly, a system of security measures is provided for them. These are elk, roe deer, American mink, ermine, weasel, fox and some others. The reserve's lands play a large role in the reproduction of the elk and roe deer population in the Bolotninsky region. One of the main tasks Manuylovsky Nature Reserve - preservation and enhancement of colonial settlements of the gray marmot.
Student 6:
Kirzinsky federal reserve
The only natural reserve of federal subordination in the Novosibirsk region.
The state nature reserve of federal subordination "Kirzinsky" was created on September 12, 1958 by Order of the Main Directorate for Hunting and Reserves under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 214.
Location: Barabinsky and Chanovsky districts, in the central part of the Barabinsk forest-steppe. The territory of the reserve borders on agricultural land, and in the south - on the waters of Lake Chany. Part of the territory of the reserve is located within the wetland of international importance "Chanovskaya lake system" (Ramsar Convention).
Square 119,808 ha
On the territory of the reserve there are more than 50 lakes with a total area of 2,589 hectares, for example, Tabiss, Bolshaya Shchuchye, Peschanoye, not counting the lake system. Chans. The main hydrological object is Lake Chany. The largest borrowing area is a lake-borrowing complex of lands with steppe areas - the Pike Lakes wetlands, with an area of 7,500 hectares.
Goals of organizing the reserve:
5. Preservation of a typical forest-steppe landscape.
The relief is a gently undulating plain with absolute heights ranging from 100-115 meters. Characteristic feature The relief is an alternation of weakly expressed hills in the form of “manes”, stretching, as a rule, from east to west, with inter-ridge depressions occupied by moist swampy or saline steppe meadows, and in deeper basins – saucer-shaped lakes.
Climate
According to the agroclimatic zoning of the Novosibirsk region, the climate of the reserve belongs to a moderately cool humidified agroclimatic region with an average precipitation of 300-380 mm with an absolute maximum temperature of 35°C and an absolute minimum of -48°C. Fluctuations in the frost-free period range from 89 to 148 days, with a long-term average of 122 days. The average January temperature is -19-20°C, average temperature July +18.5°C. The predominant wind direction is from the southwest.
The soils in the elevated areas of the reserve (groves) are mainly represented by chernozem and gray solodized soils, as well as small areas of meadow-chernozem soils. In low places they are replaced by solonetzic-solonchak, gray solodized and a group of bog soils.
Hydrological network
There are more than 50 lakes with a total area of 2589 hectares on the territory of the reserve. The main ones are: Tabiss (539 hectares), B. Shchuchye (404 hectares), Peschanoye (178 hectares), Beloye (175 hectares), B. Ilgan (159 hectares), not counting the lake system. Chans. The shores of almost all lakes are flat, bordered by stripes of sedge or reed bogs. In shallow waters, aquatic vegetation is represented by comb pondweed and filamentous algae.
The main hydrological object is the lake. Chans. The largest loan is Pike Lakes with an area of 7.5 thousand hectares. The total area of wetlands is 35.3 thousand hectares.
Vegetation
The main area of the reserve is represented by forest-steppe plant formations typical of the central Baraba zone, with a mosaic alternation of birch-aspen groves, forb inter-spikes, steppe and saline meadows, grain, mainly wheat-oat fields and fallow lands. A large area is occupied by reed-alloy type borrowings. Forest cover is 13%.
Forest fund
Forest plantations of the first tier are represented by middle-aged and mature birch forests, as well as birch and aspen groves. The second tier is represented by bird cherry, hawthorn, viburnum, several types of willows and occasionally buckthorn. Rose hips, raspberries, black currants, and Tatarian turf grow in the third tier.
The reserve's lands are extremely favorable for many species of hunting and commercial wild animals, but especially for the protection of waterfowl and swamp game during the period of nesting, molting and rest during migrations.
The species composition of the animal world is typical for the Barabinsk forest-steppe. Many forest species live here - elk, roe deer, mountain hare, badger, fox, weasel, ermine, lynx and inhabitants of the steppe regions - corsac fox, light polecat, jerboa, etc. Among the birds, along with the ptarmigan and black grouse, there are birds characteristic of open spaces and semi-aquatic - numerous species of geese and ducks, waders, gulls, gray crane, gray heron, whooper swan, little swan, avocet, lapwing, quail.
The biological diversity is about 2,500 species, more than 90% of which are invertebrates. Of the main taxonomic groups, the reserve is home to about 250 species of birds, about 50 species of mammals, 7 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, and 11 species of fish. Mushrooms in different periods of summer are represented by: milk mushroom, white milk mushroom, russula, honey mushrooms, honey mushrooms, morels, porcini mushrooms, boletus, boletus, champignons, puffballs, fly agarics, etc.
Many animals noted in the Kirzinsky reserve are listed in the Red Books of the NSO: for example, the red-nosed duck, the little bittern. The following are listed in the Red Books of the NSO and the Russian Federation: lesser white-fronted swan, white-headed duck, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, avocet, black-headed gull, white owl, hoopoe.
Of the plants in the reserve, the large naiad is listed in the Red Book of the NSO, and Zalessky's feather grass is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the NSO.
Teacher:
In the Novosibirsk region, the total area occupied by reserves is 1,472,099.2 hectares. This territory is home to more than 170 protected species of animals and plants.
3. Consolidation of knowledge.
Quiz.
(For each correct answer, participants receive tokens; the one with the most tokens wins)
1.Name the reserves of the Novosibirsk region
(Suzunsky, “May Morning”, Chanovsky, Dovolensky, Manuylovsky, Kirzinsky).
2. Name the largest nature reserve in the Novosibirsk region
(“Suzunsky”).
3. Name the State Biological Reserve of regional significance
(“Suzunsky”).
4. What are the goals of establishing the Suzunsky reserve?
(Goals of the formation of the Suzunsky reserve: preservation of natural complexes of the Ob forests of Western Siberia; protection of wild animals (elk, roe deer, hares, river beaver, gray marmot, grouse birds, badger); maintaining ecological balance and stable functioning of ecosystems).
5.What is prohibited on the territory of the Suzunsky reserve?
(It is prohibited on the territory of the reserve: hunting, industrial fishing;
mining in wild animal rest areas; grazing, provision of non-arable land for development, gardening and summer cottage construction. It is also prohibited to build dams, dams and ponds here that would damage the natural habitats of wild animals; wash cars on the banks of reservoirs. In the Suzunsky Nature Reserve, the collection of rare species of plants, berries, and mushrooms in rest areas of wild animals is prohibited.
6. What is the uniqueness and ecological significance of the May Morning reserve?
(The main migration routes of many, including transcontinental, bird species run through the territory of the reserve. Reed fields stretch along the coastal edge of Lake Malye Chany, which are a mass nesting site for waterfowl and shorebirds and serve them for rest during annual seasonal migrations.).
7.What is the main body of water located on the territory of the Mayskoye Utro reserve?
(The main reservoir of the reserve is Lake Malye Chany).
8. Name the animals and birds living in the territory of the May Morning reserve, listed in the NSO Red Book?
(The following mammals are included in the NSO Red Book: long-eared hedgehog, large jerboa, steppe pied; four species of bats: pond bat, water bat, northern leather bat and two-colored leather bat; insects: extraordinary bumblebee, spotted-backed bumblebee, Apollo butterfly; birds: black-throated loon , great white heron, mute swan, snowy owl, scops owl, hawk owl, hoopoe, field pipit and others, such as Dalmatian pelican, lesser white-fronted white-fronted white-fronted white-fronted white-fronted duck, peregrine falcon, black-headed gull, blackeye).
9.Which nature reserve in the Novosibirsk region is landscape-biological? (State landscape and biological reserve “Chanovsky”).
10.What are the goals of creating the “Chanovsky” reserve?
(Goals of creating the reserve– protection and restoration of typical landscapes and ecosystems of the Barabinsk forest-steppe and its wetlands, which are of international importance as a habitat for waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds, including transcontinental species during periods of their seasonal migrations).
11. How many species of birds live on the territory of the Chanovsky reserve?
(250 species of birds, these are almost all the birds of the West Siberian forest-steppe).
12. Give examples of waterbirds in the Chanovsky Nature Reserve?
(The main water birds of the Chanovsky Nature Reserve: the red-necked grebe, the little bittern, the mute swan, the little crake).
13.Name the State Biological Reserve of the Novosibirsk Region of regional significance?
(State biological reserve of regional significance “Dovolensky”)
14.What are the goals of creating the “Dovolensky” reserve?
(Preservation of natural complexes of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in their natural state; reproduction and restoration of natural resources, enrichment of adjacent economically used lands. Protection of reproductive stations of elk, roe deer, hares, grouse birds, badger settlements, and other species of wild animals. Protection of habitats of rare and endangered animal species. Maintaining the necessary ecological balance and stability of ecosystem functioning).
15. How many species of animals and birds living on the territory of the Dovolensky reserve are taken under protection?
(14 species of animals and 56 species of birds are under protection).
16.Name the animals living on the territory of the “Manuylovsky” reserve, listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region.
(6 species of animals of the reserve are included in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region - bats: brown long-eared bat, northern leatherback, two-colored leatherback, pond and water bats, and a representative of rodents - the gray marmot; many birds: black-throated loon, great spotted eagle, long-tailed owl, great gray owl , black crane, white owl, hoopoe).
17.What is one of the main tasks of the Manuylovsky Nature Reserve?
(One of the main tasks Manuylovsky reserve - preservation and enhancement of colonial settlements of the gray marmot).
18.Name the only natural reserve in the Novosibirsk region, federally subordinated?
(Kirzinsky federal reserve is the only natural reserve of federal subordination in the Novosibirsk region).
19.Name the main hydrological object of the Kirzinsky reserve (Lake Chany).
20. How many lakes are located on the territory of the Kirzinsky reserve?
(On the territory of the reserve there are more than 50 lakes with a total area of 2,589 hectares, for example, Tabiss, Bolshaya Shchuchye, Peschanoye, not counting the Chany lake system).
21.Name the goals of creating the Kirzinsky reserve .
(Goals of organizing the reserve:
1. Ensuring the proper regime and protection of wetlands of international importance as habitats for waterfowl;
2. Preservation, restoration, reproduction of the main game species of animals, preservation of their habitat;
3. Protection of places of mass concentrations of waterfowl and swamp game and their migration routes;
4. Preservation, reproduction and restoration of rare and endangered species of animals;
5. Preservation of a typical forest-steppe landscape).
22.Give examples of plants listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region. (Common lady's slipper, grandiflora lady's slipper, Baltic palmetto, Zalessky's feather grass. Aquatic plants: large naiad and sea naiad).
23. Give examples of animals listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region. ( Animals: red-nosed pochard, little bittern, gray marmot, long-eared hedgehog, great jerboa, steppe pied .. The bats: pond bat, water bat, northern bat and two-color bat, brown long-eared bat).
24. Give examples of birds listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region.
(Birds: black-throated loon, great egret, mute swan, snowy owl, scops owl, hawk owl, field pipit, red-necked grebe, little bittern, little crake, great spotted eagle, long-tailed owl, great gray owl, black crane, lesser lesser white-fronted lesser white-fronted lesser swan, white-headed duck , peregrine falcon, avocet, black-headed gull, hoopoe, greater spotted eagle, white-tailed eagle, osprey, golden eagle)
25. Give examples of insects listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region. ( Insects: extraordinary bumblebee, spotted-backed bumblebee, Apollo butterfly, carpenter bee).
26.What insects living in the Novosibirsk region are included in the International Red Book?
(Carpenter bee, Apollo butterfly).
27.Which bird living in the Novosibirsk region is included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation?
(Savka).
28.Which bird living in the Novosibirsk region is listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature? (Snipe Godwit).
29.What birds living in the Novosibirsk region are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation?
(Colly-haired pelican, lesser white-fronted lesser white-fronted white-fronted duck, peregrine falcon, black-headed gull, blackheaded gull).
30.What birds living in the Novosibirsk region are listed in the International Red Book?
(Duck-headed duck and Asian black-tailed godwit).
Summing up the quiz. Winner's reward ceremony.
4. Summary of the lesson.
In the Novosibirsk region, more than 170 species of animals, plants, birds and insects are rare and need protection. On the territory of our region, nature reserves have been created in which conservation and restoration work is carried out. natural environment, protection of habitats of rare and endangered animal species, maintaining the necessary ecological balance and stability of ecosystem functioning.
Climatic characteristics
The climate of the Suzunsky district of the Novosibirsk region is continental with sharp changes in temperature, both between seasons and during the day. According to agroclimatic zoning, the territory of the Suzunsky district belongs to a moderately warm, insufficiently humidified agroclimatic subregion.
Winters are harsh and long with persistent snow cover and strong winds and snowstorms. Short-term thaws are possible. Due to the abundance of sunshine and heat, summers are hot but relatively short. The transition seasons (spring and autumn) are short and characterized by unstable weather - spring returns of cold weather, late spring and early autumn frosts. The last spring frosts are observed until May 26-29, and the first autumn frosts are observed on September 5-7.
Table 2.1.1. Basic climatic characteristics
|
Characteristic |
Meaning |
| Average annual air temperature | +1.5°С |
| Average long-term air temperature of the coldest month (January) | -24.5°C |
| Average long-term air temperature of the warmest (June) | +19.6°С |
| Duration of the growing season (T > 5°C) | 165 days |
| Average annual precipitation | 387 mm |
| Average number of days with precipitation per year | 111 days (55 with snow) |
| Average long-term evaporation | About 60% of precipitation |
| Duration of stable snow cover | 160 days (October 30 – April 11) |
| Average snow depth | 51 cm |
| Standard soil freezing depth | 180 cm |
| Maximum soil freezing depth | 286 cm |
| Prevailing wind direction | Southwestern |
| Average wind speed | 4.1 m/sec |
| Average of maximum wind speeds | 25 m/sec |
Abrupt weather changes and general climate instability are caused by the penetration of cold arctic as well as warm dry air masses from Kazakhstan and Central Asia.
Atmospheric droughts and hot winds are most likely in May and July. The intensity of droughts is usually weak or moderate, lasting 5-6 days, in some years up to 15 days. The amount of precipitation over the 4 winter months (December - March) is about 70mm, which during snowmelt ensures sufficient moisture replenishment of the soil.
Throughout the year, winds from the south-west prevail in the region, but in May and early June, north-east winds are frequent, causing frosts. The average wind speed is low (4.1 m/s), however, in some years in the spring, winds of 30-35 m/s are observed, which cause windfalls and windfalls (in pine and aspen forests).
Fogs are observed throughout the year, the average number of days per year with fog is 26. More than half of the fogs are observed in calm conditions, one third in light winds and 10% in wind speeds of 3-5 m/s.
A distinctive feature of the climate is the high frequency of inversions, the highest - 37-40%, observed in winter, in summer - 30%, in transition periods - 19-25%. The average thickness of surface inversions in the cold period is 0.5-0.9 km, in the warm period - 0.3-0.4 km. The inversion temperature gradient throughout the year varies from 10.6 degrees/100 m in December to 2.6 degrees/100 m in July. When there is calm, 27% of inversions are observed.
Hydrological and hydrogeological characteristicsSurface water
The hydrographic network in the Suzunsky district is created by the Ob River, which runs along the southwestern border of the region, and its tributaries. The area of the Ob basin is 2990 thousand km². According to this indicator, the river ranks first in Russia. The Ob is also the third most water-bearing river in Russia. The river flows into the Kara Sea, forming the Gulf of Ob (about 800 km long). Based on the nature of the river network, feeding conditions and formation of the water regime, the Ob is divided into 3 sections: upper, middle and lower. Suzunsky district is located in the upper reaches of the Ob.
The river is fed predominantly by snow. During the spring-summer flood period, the river brings the bulk of the annual flow. In the upper reaches, the flood begins in early April. The rise in levels begins even during freeze-up; When the river opens up as a result of congestion, intense short-term rises in levels occur. Because of this, some tributaries may experience a reversal of flow direction. The flood ends in July, the summer low water is unstable, and rain floods occur in September-October.
Table 2.2.1. Characteristics of the main water bodies of the Suzunsky district
|
Name of water body |
River confluence, km |
Length throughout the district, km |
Reservoir area, ha |
| R. Ob |
Kara Sea |
||
| R. Upper Suzun | |||
| R. Nizhny Suzun | |||
| R. Kamenka | |||
| R. Upper Karakan | |||
| R. Lower Karakan | |||
| R. Inya | |||
| lake Need | |||
| lake Kulikovo | |||
| lake Aspen | |||
| lake Dolgushevo | |||
| lake Nechunaevskoe | |||
| lake Karasevo | |||
| lake Maloe Medvezhye |
Valleys of rivers flowing into the river. Ob, weakly expressed. The rivers belong to hydrological region I. A characteristic feature of these rivers is low flow speed, slight slope (from 0.35%) and high tortuosity. All rivers have a muddy bottom and summer time heavily overgrown with herbaceous vegetation. The module of the average annual flow is 3 l/s per km 2 (Inya river). The water regime of rivers is characterized by spring floods and floods in warm weather. The summer-autumn low-water period, typical in July-October, is annually disrupted by the passage of rain floods. The average runoff modules of the summer-autumn low-water period range from 0.25 to 3.04 l/s per km 2. Winter low water is stable and low-water. Melted snow waters account for 79-87% of the rivers in the region, rain runoff - 3-4%, groundwater - 10-17%.
Most of the lakes are concentrated in the southern part of the region. The shores of the lakes are mostly peaty and marshy, and the water level is not constant. The area of lakes is decreasing, which is associated with intensive cutting of mature tree stands, which have the greatest water-regulating properties in forest areas adjacent to lakes. The lakes are practically not used for recreational purposes.
The swampiness of the territory is 9%. The district ranks second after Bolotnensky among the districts of the eastern zone of the Novosibirsk region. Most of the swamps are located between the ridges, i.e. along the interridge depressions and within the left bank of the Ob.
The protection of fish stocks in the area is carried out by the Suzunsky fish protection site of the Verkhneobsky territorial administration Federal agency on fisheries. The rivers and lakes of the region are the habitat of not only widespread fish species, but also rare ones, such as sturgeon, sterlet and nelma. Every year, from mid-April to mid-May, a ban on fishing is announced, measures are taken to protect aquatic biological resources, and explanatory work is carried out with the population through the media.
The groundwater
According to hydrogeological zoning, the territory of the Suzunsky district belongs to the Sayan-Altai hydrogeological folded region.
On a large area of the Sayan-Altai hydrogeological folded region, the only promising source for organizing drinking and domestic water supply is the aquifer zone of fracturing of Paleozoic rocks. In the extreme southern part, the horizon of the Bezmenovskaya Formation stands out.
The Jurassic formations that filled local depressions in the Paleozoic basement are also associated with the Jurassic aquifer complex, which is promising for water supply.
Engineering and construction conditions and mineral resourcesGeological and geomorphological characteristics
The geological structure of the territory of the Suzunsky region is characterized by significant complexity due to the fact that the junction of the West Siberian plate and the Altai-Sayan fold system passes through the southern part of the region. In the region from north to south there are 3 large tectonic structures, sharply different in time and conditions of formation: the Late Hercynian Kolyvan-Tomsk folded zone; Gorlovka Caledonian-Hercynian intermountain trough and folded structure of the Salair anticlinorium, formed during the Salair and Caledonian cycles of tectogenesis. They make up the Paleozoic foundation, which in the south is replaced by deposits of the Cenozoic era of the Biysk-Barnaul depression.
The following lithological and stratigraphic units participate in the geological structure of the Paleozoic basement:
The Upper Devonian is represented by deposits of the Frasnian and Fomenian stages of the Kolyvan-Tomsk folded zone. These are monolithic gray-colored sandstones, silts, and clayey shales of the Inskaya series, which combines the Pachina and Yurga formations. Their natural outcrops are found in the Ob and Ini valleys, sometimes in the valleys of small rivers, ravines, and lairs. The thickness of the sediments of the Pach formation is 600 m, and that of the Yurga formation is 1600 m.
Intrusive formations in the area are represented by granitoids, dolerites, and porphyrites. The gray, pinkish-gray granitoids are composed of feldspars, quartz, hornblende, and biotite.
Triassic dolerites and dolerite porphyrites cut through the sediments of the Pachinskaya and Yurga formations and are dykes of dark gray massive rocks made of gray and black pyroxene.
Intensely dislocated, in places metamorphosed deposits of the Inskaya series and intrusions breaking through them with weathering crust developed on them form a complex foundation of the territory. Its rocks are broken by ancient tectonic disturbances. The surface of the foundation has a rugged erosion-tectonic relief due to tectonic processes and intense weathering during the Mesozoic era.
Formations of the ancient weathering crust of Paleozoic rocks of Cretaceous-Paleogene and Neogene age lie on interfluves, slopes, and valley bottoms. The weathering crusts are composed of variegated silty-clayey rocks.
In elevated areas of the Paleozoic foundation of the right bank of the river. On the Ob River there are small fields composed of redeposited products of the weathering crust - silty clays of kaolinite-hydromica composition. The structural features of the foundation influenced the morphostructural elements of the cover deposits.
Almost throughout the entire territory, the foundation is covered by Lower-Middle Quaternary subaerial and subaqueous sediments. The river floodplains are covered with alluvial deposits.
Alluvial deposits are formed by river flows. These are fine polymictic sands, pebbles, and gravels. Subaquatic ones were formed in the aquatic environment of water areas; silty clays and loams predominate. Subaerial deposits are common in interfluves and slopes; these are loams and sandy loams with a silty composition.
The fourth floodplain terrace of the river. The Ob River consists of Middle Quaternary sediments. Bottom part- channel alluvium, upper - floodplain facies, composed of loams, sandy loams, overlain by loess-like loams and sandy loams or eal sands.
Upper Quaternary deposits of the third Ob terrace above the floodplain are deeply incised into the sedimentary cover. The lower part is sand with gravel and pebbles, the upper part is sandy loam and sand. The surface is covered with loess-like loams and sandy loams. Thickness 3-5 m. The third terrace of Ini is composed of silty loams and sandy loams up to 15 m thick, with channel sands below. The total thickness of the terrace deposits is 25-30 m.
Deposits of the II terrace of the river. The Ob is mainly of sandy composition. Terrace II Ini is composed of floodplain loams with interlayers of sandy loam. The thickness of the Ob terrace is 13-18 m, Ini – 11 m.
The Upper Quaternary deposits of the first floodplain terrace of the Ob River are represented by channel heterogeneous sands with pebbles, boulders and floodplain loams. Terrace r. Inya is composed of loams, less often sandy loams, the channel alluvium consists of fine sand with pebbles and gravel 3 m thick. Alluvial sediments of the terrace are covered from the surface with peat loams or humus-rich soil.
Most small rivers have a high floodplain in the middle and lower reaches, and are rarely flooded with flood waters. The height above the edge is 3-7 m, composed of loams and sandy loams with fragments of shells, in places interspersed with swampy loamy soil with a thickness of 3-8 m. Sediments of the low floodplain terrace are developed in the lower reaches of the rivers, their composition is similar to the high floodplain, with a thickness of 1-1.5 m.
Modern lake-bog deposits are silty loams, sandy loams, sands enriched with plant material, in places peaty rocks and peat layers up to 2 m thick.
Based on the characteristics of tectonics and geology, the region can be divided into two parts according to the latitude of the regional center. Two thirds of the area north of latitude district center, are located within the collapsed folded mountain zones that were part of the Altai-Sayan folded mountain system. Modern relief consists of alternating manes and inter-mane depressions - dens. The height of the manes and the depth of the dens are from 3 to 10 meters. They stretch from northeast to southwest. The length of the manes is 250 – 300 meters. Their absolute height ranges from 150 to 317 meters. The thickness of the sedimentary rocks is not great, so the hard crystalline rocks that make up the foundation protrude onto the surface at the highest points of the relief, along the slopes of ridges, ravines, and deeply incised river valleys.
To the south of the Suzun latitude, the territory of the region lies within the West Siberian plate, in its southeastern part - the Biysk-Barnaul depression. This territory is composed of thick layers of Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine and continental sediments, pebbles, sand, sandy loams, clays and other loose rocks. In this part of the region the terrain is flat and shallowly ridged. There are no outcrops of hard rocks on the surface.
The latitude of Suzun is the border of the West Siberian Plain and the Pre-Salair High Plain. Along this line, tectonic disturbances are hidden at great depth - the junction of the West Siberian plate and the Altai-Sayan folded system passes. Because of this, the Suzunsky district is in the zone of probable earthquakes with a magnitude of up to 7 points.
Physical and geological processes
There are various unfavorable natural processes in the area that complicate possible construction.
Karst-suffusion processes. They are common in places where the thickness of Quaternary deposits is insufficient to neutralize karst processes. Subsidence phenomena are characteristic of loess-like loams and sandy loams that make up cover deposits. The thickness of the subsidence strata under a load of 0.3 MPa ranges from 1 to 10 m, with the prevailing thickness being 5-7 m. The greatest subsidence is to a depth of 4-6 m.
Planar washout and linear erosion. They are common on the slopes of the erosion network; areas covered with loess-like loams are especially susceptible. When plowing or carrying out large-scale clear-cutting with the use of heavy equipment, slopes of other mechanical compositions are also subject to these processes, primarily those with a predominance of heavy soils.
Waterlogging. Occurs on ancient alluvial plains, in floodplains of rivers in inter-ridge depressions. The left bank of the river is especially susceptible. Ob.
Earthquakes. There is a high probability of earthquakes occurring at the junction of the West Siberian plate and the Altai-Sayan fold system.
Engineering and construction zoning
Based on engineering and construction conditions, the territory of the district is conventionally divided into three areas: relatively favorable for construction, favorable for construction and unfavorable for the development of the territory.
The main limitations of construction are erosion, waterlogging, and the likelihood of earthquakes.
Territories favorable for construction:
The river terraces are fairly well drained, composed of sandy and sandy loam soils;
Territory of the Biysk-Barnaul depression.
However, a negative factor is the spread of local waterlogging processes. When laying roads and constructing other infrastructure, the factor of local waterlogging must be taken into account.
Territories relatively favorable for construction:
Territory of the Kolyvan-Tomsk folded zone. The relief is represented by alternating manes and dens. Conditions are complicated by the heterogeneity of the terrain;
Areas with a high probability of earthquakes. Located on the border of the West Siberian Plain and the Pre-Salair Upland Plain;
Territories complicated by karst-suffusion processes. Subsidence and waterlogging processes may occur;
Territories complicated by local swamping. The territories are concentrated in the northern part of the region. The groundwater level is at a shallow depth. When carrying out construction work, it is recommended to install artificial drainage or waterproofing basements.
Territories unfavorable for construction:
Erosion network. These are growing ravines. Modern erosion manifests itself mainly in the deepening of ravines and their lateral growth. Significant slopes and dismemberment of the territory prevent its use in urban planning.
Swamps and peat bogs. In swamps, thick deposits of moisture-saturated peat are formed. Construction seems inappropriate.
Floodplains of large and valleys of small rivers. Territories in river floodplains may be subject to flooding during floods and floods with varying probability (depending on the floodplain level). This makes the construction of premises here dangerous, and appropriate measures must be taken when constructing infrastructure facilities. The rugged terrain in the valleys of small rivers and the prevalence of waterlogging processes in them also impede the development of these areas.
Mineral resources and soil coverThe territory of the Suzunsky district has an average mineral resource potential. Mineral resources are represented mainly by minerals used as building materials and raw materials for the production of building materials. The territory contains deposits of brick loams, construction sands, building stones, and sapropels.
The total amount of balance reserves of brick loams is 1,723 thousand m 3, there are 2 deposits in the region, 1 of which is in reserve (Lushnikovskoye, balance reserve - 880 thousand m 3) and one is being developed by Idea CJSC (average annual production is 14 thousand m 3).
Construction sands are represented by the Dukhovye deposit with total balance reserves of 5543 thousand m3. The “Chertovo Gorlo” subsoil plot of the Dukhovoy deposit is used by the West Siberian River Shipping Company CJSC (the annual production volume is 52 thousand m3).
Within the boundaries of the Suzunsky district there are 2 deposits of building stones (Bobrovskoye and Shaidurovskoye) with a total reserve of 14,178 thousand m3, the Shaidurovskoye deposit is developed by Novosibirsk Quarry Management OJSC (the annual production volume is 50–55 thousand m3), the Bobrovskoye deposit is in reserve .
There is 1 sapropel deposit (Osinovoye) with balance reserves of 2000 thousand tons. Currently it is in reserve.
On the territory of the Suzunsky district, four main types of soil are distinguished: in the south - soddy-slightly podzolic sandy (pine forest sands); in the central part there are leached chernozems; in the north there are podzolized chernozems and along the northwestern border there are gray forest soils. Due to the high swampiness of the area and the salinity of soil-forming rocks and groundwater, one can find soils of the saline range: meadow-chernozem, meadow, swamp, solonchak, solonetz and solod.
Soddy-slightly podzolic soils have an acidic reaction throughout the entire profile and high (20-70%) unsaturation with bases. The humus content can reach 5-7%, but the drop in its content with depth is very sharp, and fulvic acids predominate in the composition of humus. The upper horizons of soddy-podzolic soils are depleted in sesquioxides and enriched in silica.
The upper horizons of gray forest soils have a slightly acidic reaction (pHKCl 4.0-6.5). The degree of saturation with bases is 70-80% in the upper horizons and 90-95% in the lower ones. The humus content ranges from 4% to 7%.
Chernozem soils have high agrochemical indicators. The humus content in the upper 10 cm is 6-10%, the drop down the profile is gradual. In the composition of humus, humic acids predominate over fulvic acids. In the upper part of the humus horizon, the reaction of the environment is close to neutral or neutral and only lower limit humus horizon, its slight acidification occurs. The absorbing complex is almost completely saturated with bases. Chernozems have an optimal set of water-physical properties, in particular, a strong buffering of the soil profile against waterlogging. However, the atomization and lack of water resistance of the macrostructure of the arable layer determines their reduced water permeability. Therefore, when arable land is used for irrigation, irrigation erosion is often observed. Loess-like loams, the basis of many soils in the region, are poorly water-resistant, which, in combination with the dissected topography, contributes to water erosion.
Forest resources and wildlifeIn accordance with the “Forest Code of the Russian Federation” (as amended on July 18, 2011 No. 242-FZ), the main territorial management units in the field of use, protection, defense, and reproduction of forests are forest districts and forest parks (Article 23, paragraph 1).
The territory of the Suzunsky district belongs to the Suzunskoye forestry, which was formed in accordance with the Order of the Federal Forestry Agency dated December 23, 2008 No. 405 “On determining the number of forestries in the Novosibirsk region and establishing their boundaries.”
The forestry of the forestry belongs to the plains and is located on the right bank of the upper part of the Ob River, the main forest area is concentrated in the south of the region. The main soils in the forestry area are soddy-slightly podzolic. As a rule, pure pine plantations of quality classes Ia-II are confined to these soils.
The total area of the Suzun forestry territory as of January 1, 2010 is 218,674 hectares. The current forest cover of the forestry area is 70%.
On the territory of the administrative district, in addition to the forests of the Suzun forestry, there are forests of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation with an area of 19084 hectares and a total reserve of 2662.5 thousand m 3, forests of collective farms with an area of 30599 hectares and a total reserve of 4321.9 thousand m 3, and forests of other ministries and departments with a total area of 5334 hectares and a total reserve of 353 thousand m 3. These forests are represented mainly by small tracts with a predominance of birch plantations. The forest cover of the Suzunsky district as a whole is about 35%.
According to forestry zoning, the territory of the district is classified as the West Siberian subtaiga-forest-steppe region, forest-steppe zone (Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated February 4, 2009 No. 37 “On approval of the list of forest vegetation zones and forest areas of the Russian Federation”).
Pine forests – pine forests – are widespread throughout the region. Along the western edge of the region on the border with the Ordynsky district there is a strip of the eastern part of the Karakansky forest. In the east and southeast is Suzunsky Bor. The main forest-forming species, pine, is mixed with spruce and larch in a number of damp places. Birch and aspen grow in the second tier. In the undergrowth - viburnum, rowan, bird cherry, willow, acacia, hawthorn, rose hip. Large clearing areas are occupied by young pine.
Between the Karakansky and Suzunsky forests there is a forest-steppe. In the forest-steppe, plowed areas alternate with sparse aspen-birch forests.
In accordance with the Forest Code of the Russian Federation dated December 4, 2006 No. 200-FZ, Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 No. 143-FZ “On Amendments to the Forest Code of the Russian Federation”, Federal Law dated December 4, 2006 No. 201 -FZ “On the entry into force of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation”, forests in the Suzunskoye forestry are divided into protective and operational according to their intended purpose.
The total area of protective forests is 149.9 thousand hectares. Protective forests include:
Forests that perform the functions of protecting natural and other objects (protective forest strips located along public railway tracks, federal highways public roads, public roads owned by constituent entities of the Russian Federation; green areas);
Valuable forests (forests located in desert, semi-desert, forest-steppe, forest-tundra zones, steppes, mountains; forbidden strips located along water bodies; spawning protection strips; strip burs).
The use of protective forests provides for sustainable forest management, conservation of forest biological diversity, increasing their potential, preserving the environment-forming, water-protective, protective, sanitary-hygienic, health-improving and other useful functions of forests, with the simultaneous use of forests, provided that this use is compatible with the intended purpose of the forests and the intended purpose of the forests. their useful functions.
Production forests occupy 68.7 thousand hectares. The use of exploitation forests involves obtaining timber and other forest resources. The types of permitted use of forests of the Suzunsky forestry are regulated by Article 25 of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation.
Suzunsky district has significant species composition animal world. Due to the widespread reduction and deterioration of habitats, poaching, predatory behavior towards animals and other anthropogenic activities, there is a significant decline in the numbers of many animal species: birds, beneficial pollinating insects, ungulates. Spring agricultural fires and forest fires, in which clutches of birds and young mammals die, have a negative impact.
There are three hunting and fishing farms in the region: Kargapolovskoye, Suzunskoye and Meretskoye.
The main commercial species are: elk, roe deer, fox, weasel, ermine, lynx, wolverine, wolf, hares (hares and hare), polecat, weasel, squirrel. Among the birds that are constantly inhabited are capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse, white and gray partridge, and quail.
The migratory routes of birds run through the area, so there are many ducks, geese, and waders on spring and autumn migrations. Swans rest on the reservoirs of the area during their migrations. In summer there is a lot of waterfowl: mallard, teal, pintail, blue duck, grebe and others. In the area there are birds listed in the Red Book: Black Stork (Suzunsky Sanctuary, floodplain of the Ob River), White-tailed Eagle (Suzunsky Sanctuary).
Specially protected natural areasAccording to the Federal Law of March 14, 1995 No. 33-FZ “On Specially Protected Natural Territories,” specially protected natural territories (hereinafter referred to as SPNA) are areas of land, water surface and air space above them, where natural complexes and objects that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health value, which are withdrawn by decisions of state authorities in whole or in part from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established.
Issues of the formation and functioning of protected areas in the Novosibirsk region at the regional level are regulated by the Federal Law of March 14, 1995 No. 33-FZ “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”, the Law of the Novosibirsk Region of September 26, 2005 No. 325-OZ “On Specially Protected Natural Areas” territories in the Novosibirsk region", as well as regulatory legal acts of the Governor and the administration of the Novosibirsk region.
The formation and improvement of the system of specially protected natural areas is carried out in accordance with the “Scheme for the development and placement of a network of specially protected natural areas in the Novosibirsk region”, approved by the decision of the Novosibirsk Regional Council of Deputies in 1996.
Features of the use, protection, protection, reproduction of forests located in protected areas are determined by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated July 16, 2007 No. 181 “Peculiarities of use, protection, protection, reproduction of forests located in specially protected natural areas.”
For each protected area, in accordance with its status and type, a special protection regime is established in the regulatory documents on the creation of protected areas.
In order to preserve unique natural complexes and individual natural monuments for the provision of scientific institutions, government regulations have designated specially protected natural areas in the Suzunsky district (Table 2.6.1.)
In addition, the territorial planning scheme of the Novosibirsk region recommends the creation of a network of protected areas. It is planned to organize the Ordynsky natural park, which will include part of the territory of the Suzunsky district (along the western border).
It is recommended to develop passports for all protected areas located in the district.
Table 2.6.1. List of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of the Suzunsky district of the Novosibirsk region
|
Name of the protected area |
Location |
creation |
Legal basis functioning |
|||
| "Lake Splavnoe" | monument | Suzunsky district, 14 km northeast of the village. die | Habitats and habitats of valuable, relict, small, rare and endangered species of animals and plants; Scenic areas. The profile is complex. |
1998 | 100 | |
| "Ob sandy steppe" | monument nature of regional significance |
Suzunsky district, near the village. die | Natural monument categories: Places where valuable, relict, small, rare and endangered plant species grow; Natural objects, playing an important role in maintaining the hydrological regime; Unique landforms and associated landscapes. The profile is complex. |
1998 | 36,15 | Formed by the Decision of the Novosibirsk Regional Council of Deputies dated December 11, 1997 (first convocation, 37th session); Decree of the Administration of the Novosibirsk Region No. 176-pa dated November 16, 2007 “On approval of the boundaries and Regulations on the regime of special protection of the territory of a natural monument” |
| "Sharcha steppe" | monument nature of regional significance |
1300 m downstream of the Upper Karakan River from the village of Sharchino | Natural monument categories: Places of growth and habitat of valuable, relict, small, rare and endangered species of plants and animals; Scenic areas; Natural objects that play an important role in maintaining the hydrological regime. The profile is complex. |
1998 | 31,89 | Formed by the Decision of the Novosibirsk Regional Council of Deputies dated December 11, 1997 (first convocation, 37th session); Decree of the Administration of the Novosibirsk Region No. 176-pa dated November 16, 2007 “On approval of the boundaries and Regulations on the regime of special protection of the territory of a natural monument” |
| "Suzunsky" | Biological reserve of regional significance | south-eastern part of the Suzunsky district of the Novosibirsk region | Profile - Biological. Created for: conservation of natural complexes (objects) of the Ob forests of Western Siberia; conservation, reproduction and restoration of natural resources, enrichment of adjacent economically used lands; protection of reproductive sites of elk, roe deer, hares, river beaver, gray marmot, grouse birds, badger settlements and other species of wild animals; protection of winter camps for elk and roe deer; protection of habitats of rare and endangered species of animals; maintaining the necessary ecological balance and stability of ecosystem functioning. |
1967 | 128 500 | Established by decision of the Novosibirsk Regional Council of People's Deputies dated 04.08.67 No. 508, by decision of 27.08.79 No. 593 the validity of the reserve was extended until 1990. |
I. Suzunsky district on the map of the Novosibirsk region: geographical outline.
The district is located in the extreme southeast of the Novosibirsk region and occupies the territory 4746 square kilometers, borders in the northwest with Ordynsky, in the north with Iskitimsky, in the east with Cherepanovsky districts of the Novosibirsk region, and in the south with Altai Territory.
Lives in Suzunsky district 33510 people (as of January 1, 2010), of which in the regional center - the urban-type settlement of Suzun - 14716 people (2010).
The village was founded in 1764. The status of a workers' settlement was assigned in 1939.
Suzun is one of the largest urban settlements in Russia. In 2010, Suzun in terms of population was in 68th place out of 1,348 villages in Russia and in 4th place in the Novosibirsk region after Linevo, Krasnoobsk and Kochenevo.
Population density - 7 people per 1 square kilometer .
Suzunsky district is one of 30 districts of the Novosibirsk region, on the territory of which there are 14 rural and 1 village council, 42 settlements.
The main industrial enterprises of the region are: OJSC PKF "Effect", Suzunsky PPO "Khlebokombinat", CJSC "Idea", CJSC PFK "Obnovlenie", OJSC "Suzunsky Repair and Technical Enterprise", CJSC "Suzunsky" Creamery Plant, LLC "Boltovsky Creamery and Cheese Plant".
Agricultural production is carried out by 13 joint-stock companies, 115 peasant farms and personal subsidiary plots of the population. IN agriculture 32.5% of all workers are employed. The main specialization of agricultural enterprises is the production of grain, meat and milk.
The Karasuk-Altaiskaya railway line of the West Siberian Railway runs through the region. The length of highways is 340.5 km, of which 309.6 km are paved.
Many villages in the Suzunsky district were founded by Russian settlers back in the 16th-17th centuries.
The district was formed in 1925 as part of the Kamensky Okrug of the Siberian Territory, since 1930 as part of the West Siberian Territory. On March 2, 1932, the Suzunsky and Bitkovsky districts were united into one Lushnikovsky district with a regional center in the village of Lushniki, and on December 10 of the same year the Suzunsky district with its center in the village of Zavod-Suzun was restored again. In 1937, the area was included in the newly formed Novosibirsk region.
The territory of the district includes the right bank part of the Priobsky plateau with a maximum height in the west of 298 meters. The nature is extremely diverse, especially along the banks and valleys of rivers, which attract with their incredible Siberian beauty at any time of the year. There are many wonderful places for relaxing, swimming, hunting and fishing, picking berries and mushrooms.
The old landscape, although in a modified form, is still preserved. This includes the soft smoothness of the relief, the abundance of lakes and swamps, the sandy banks of the Ob, and the diversity of vegetation. It is no coincidence that in the Suzunsky district there are 3 natural monuments of regional significance and the Suzunsky biological reserve, with an area of 80,000 hectares, which occupies almost the entire territory of the Suzunsky Bor - the largest forest in the south of the Novosibirsk region. Here there are adjacent areas of pure, even-aged pine forests of high quality with areas of different-aged trees of various small-leaved species with traditional undergrowth. “Whole tracts of pine trees have notches on their trunks in the form of a lowered arrow. Valuable industrial raw materials – resin (a resinous substance used in medicine) – are mined here. In terms of extraction of this product, Suzunsky Bor is one of the most productive pine forests in Russia.
In order to preserve rare types of steppe areas for the Novosibirsk region and associated ecosystems, preserve populations of rare and needing protection species of animals and plants, including those listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, 3 state natural monuments were created in the Suzunsky region:
1. “Sharchinskaya steppe” (67.87 hectares, part of the Upper Karakan River valley, west of the village of Sharchino).
2. “Ob sandy steppe” (76.48 hectares, the territory between the Kamyshinka-Meret highway, in the floodplain of the right bank of the Ob).
3. “Lake Splavnoe” (100 hectares, in the south of the Suzunsky forest).
The Ob River flows through the southwestern part of the region for almost 100 km. The movement of its waters is powerful, but in appearance it is smooth, calm, and majestic. Here, along a complex channel, the border of the Suzunsky district of the Novosibirsk region and the Shelabolikha district of the Altai Territory passes. Along the course of the Ob, it’s as if someone had scattered a lot of islands and, while playing around, drew many bends various configurations. But “not anyone,” but she, the Ob River, did all this, and to this day she reshapes, makes and remakes, moves islands from place to place, and washes away others completely. The “arts” of the Ob are visible both on the left bank meadow side and on the right bank raised side. There are so many oxbow lakes and channels here that even Suzun land managers seem to be already confused about their outlines and names. Yes, islands and channels! From time immemorial, the village of Kamyshinka stood out in the middle of vast meadows, on the shore of the lake of the same name, and in the 80s of the 20th century, it found itself on the very banks of the Ob.
The rivers of the Suzunsky region flowing into the Ob flow through loose sedimentary rocks and easily erode them, forming deeply incised channels with steep banks, reminiscent of miniature canyons (30-40 meters).
People have been living on the fertile land of Suzun for several thousand years. So, 1.5 km southeast of the village of Krotovo (Meret River basin), archaeologists discovered a settlement from the mid-2nd millennium BC. e. Crucibles, bronze awls, knives, and pendants were found in the settlement. Scientists suggest that during the Krotovo culture there was a large metallurgical center in Western Siberia. Here, ores from the Sayan-Altai Highlands were used, from which unique objects were cast, including weapons. In total, 66 archaeological sites and monuments from different eras have been identified in the region.
The territory of the Suzunsky district began to be developed by Russian people in the 17th century. By this time, almost all of Siberia had been conquered, it was possible to organize its own bread production, peaceful relations were being established with the aborigines, economic development of the region was underway by industrialists, artisans and traders, and ore miners were sent to the mountainous regions of Salair and Altai.
II. Suzunsky copper smelter and Suzunsky mint.
Historical reference.
Among the historical cultural heritage In the urban-type settlement of Suzun, the surviving remains of the Suzunsky (Nizhnesuzunsky) copper smelter with the only Mint in Siberia deserve special attention. The history of the first industrial enterprise in non-ferrous metallurgy is quite simple.
Firstly, Russian empire by the end of the 18th century it came to Pacific Ocean, established trade relations with China (the Qing Empire) and other Asian countries, and it was expensive to transport copper money thousands of miles.
Secondly, in Western Altai, the Kolyvan-Voznesensk factories smelted copper from local ore, and it became possible to mint coins beyond the Urals, that is, in Siberia.
On November 7, 1763, Empress Catherine II of All Russia issued a decree on the minting of Siberian coins.
Already on January 18, 1764, the head of the Kolyvan-Voznesensky factories in Altai, A.I. Poroshin, signed an order to determine the location for the construction of a copper smelter and a mint on the Nizhny Suzun River, where there was enough water, forest and limestone.
Construction of the mining complex began in 1764. The most ambitious structure was the dam on the Nizhny Suzun River, necessary for the functioning of water-filling wheels and many other mechanisms of the copper smelter. It was an advanced hydraulic structure of the 18th century.
Traveler P. S. Pallas (1741-1811), who visited Suzun, wrote: “... I was surprised by the dense pine forest, through which it was pleasant to drive... I was amazed by the dam 110 fathoms wide and 12 fathoms high...”.
The construction of the dam was supervised by the dam masters - Ryabikov and Latnikov. Nikita Bakharev was appointed as the main “caretaker and organizer” by order of the Chancellery (one of the streets in the urban-type settlement Suzun was named after him). About a thousand people took part in the construction.
In the spring of 1964, the spring flood washed away the dam, and only in the fall of 2008 the reconstruction of this structure took place.
The building of the stone crusher also remains from the Suzun copper smelter. This is one of the production workshops of the plant, where limestone from a local deposit, necessary for smelting copper, was crushed. The walls of the towbar, 1 meter thick, taking into account the cold Siberian winters, are made of characteristic brick with the marks of the masters, the window openings and the entrance on the facade are beautifully laid out in the form of arches and semi-arches. The building is awaiting its restoration.
The government apartment building and the office for the manager of the copper smelter and mint were built in the last quarter of the 18th century. Then it was called the “Commander’s House”. This is one of the first houses in the village that has survived to this day. Since 1989, the historical building, which is included in the unified state register of objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, has been occupied by the Suzunsky Museum of Local Lore, located on Lenin Street, 15.
Thanks to the copper smelter and mint, on the territory of the modern Novosibirsk region there was a large industrial enterprise non-ferrous metallurgy. Here, for the first time, engineering technologies and regular layouts in construction began to be introduced, mining workers and technical intelligentsia appeared, and the first hospital and vocational school in our region were built.
Let's go back to official history the first plant in the Novosibirsk region. By the middle of the 18th century, the Russian Empire had grown greatly in territorial terms, and transporting copper money thousands of miles was too expensive. In addition, copper was already smelted from local ore at the Kolyvano-Voznesensky plants in Altai. However, copper ore contained other precious metals, and smelting technology was imperfect. The office of the mining district reported to the Cabinet of Ministers: “... the ore contains a considerable amount of silver and even a notable particle of gold.” After the calculations were made, they decided to mint from each pood of Kolyvan copper not 16 rubles of coins, as throughout the country, but 25 rubles at once. The Suzun coin of the same denomination as in Moscow weighed much less, although it was circulated only in Siberia.
The opening of the mint in Suzun had two goals: to stop the annual import of money from Yekaterinburg for the maintenance of factories in the Altai Mountain District (the total weight of money was 120 tons!) and to use copper locally, the sale of which was unprofitable not in products. From 1766 to 1781, according to various sources, 3.5-3.8 million rubles were minted in Suzun, which went from the Urals to Kamchatka, and were also used for trade with China and the countries of Central Asia.
The Siberian copper coin came in different denominations: polushka (quarter of a kopeck), denga (half a kopeck), kopeck, two kopecks, five kopecks and ten kopecks.
On one side the coin depicted a coat of arms - two sables near a shield; the value, year of issue and a circular inscription: “Siberian coin” are indicated. On the other side of the coin is the monogram of Catherine II, crowned with a crown and framed by laurel and palm branches.
Over the years of its existence, the Suzun Mint has produced more than 300 types of copper coins. Few collectors can boast of a complete collection of coins from the Suzunsky court: it is presented quite fully in the Novosibirsk Regional Museum of Local Lore.
After 15 years of minting Siberian coins (1766-1781), the Suzunsky Mint began to issue an ordinary all-Russian coin.
On the night of December 7-8, 1847, the Suzun Mint burned down as a result of a strong fire. Here is a document of that time from the Altai archive: “To the mining chief, Colonel Sokolovsky. Sim is forced to notify the high nobility that on December 7–8, 1847, at 2 a.m., a fire broke out in the mint casing. The extinguishing measures taken did not produce any results. All departments of the mint, such as the printing, flattening, slotting, gurtile, forging, turning, counting room, search hut at the access gate and part of the fortress fence - burned to the ground. The fight against fire is ongoing..."
And now under Nicholas I, after the fire, they decided not to restore the mint, and the minting of money was moved to Yekaterinburg. In 1876, the mint was closed there too, leaving the right to produce money exclusively with the capital of Russia. In 1915, copper smelting was also stopped in Suzun.
Today, on the territory of the almost destroyed plant, the crusher (the production facility where limestone was crushed, which served as a catalyst for copper smelting) has been well preserved. The dam has been restored, the foundation of the copper smelter remains, the bridge has been repaired, and the pond has been cleaned. A wooden building of a food warehouse with outbuildings remained; a major chest was discovered during excavations; Memorial plaque on the crushing building. The design of an industrial museum, an open-air archaeological museum and other infrastructure facilities of a tourist complex designed to receive 50,000 visitors per year is underway.
III. Pride, honor and heritage of the Suzun land.
Selected biographies.
Frolov Pyotr Kozmich (1775-183...) was born in the Zmeinogorsk fortress, in the family of the outstanding inventor and hydraulic engineer K. D. Frolov. After graduating from the St. Petersburg Mining School (1793), P.K. Frolov served in Zmeinogorsk and other Altai mines.
Since 1797, he worked at the Suzunsky copper smelter to inspect the factory’s “smelting and outbuilding” work, and also “received” ores brought from the mines “and other factory supplies.” At this time, he made a graphic drawing of the pristine Suzun, when there were no photographs yet (a copy of the drawing is kept in the Suzun Local History Museum).
In 1811, P.K. Frolov was transferred to St. Petersburg as the head of the drawing expedition of mining and salt affairs, and in 1817 he was appointed head of the Kolyvan-Voznesensk factories. Under him, significant work was carried out to mechanize a number of mines and factories, silver smelting stabilized, lead production increased, the minting of copper coins increased, the first paper mill and printing house in Western Siberia were built, and meteorological and magnetic stations were founded. On the initiative of P.K. Frolov, construction of a hospital, an almshouse with a church, a mining school with an orphanage department and an obelisk in honor of the 100th anniversary of mining in Altai began in Barnaul. P.K. Frolov, together with Dr. F.V. Gebler, founded the museum, combining existing museum collections and placing them in one building (1823).
In 1830, at the age of 55, he retired and left Altai. Died in St. Petersburg.
Strizhkov Philip Vasilievich (1769-1811) was born into the family of a craftsman at the Suzunsky factory. He began his service in 1784 as a washerman at the Zmeinogorsk mine. He graduated from school there and was assigned as an apprentice to master stone cutter Baklanov at the grinding mill at the Loktevsky plant. A talented and diligent student, Strizhkov replaced him after Baklanov’s death (1791). In 1793, F.V. Strizhkov invented a “drilling machine,” which significantly reduced the processing time of stone products.
In 1800-1802, the Kolyvan grinding factory was built according to his design, which he directed until the end of his life. F.V. Strizhkov equipped the factory with high-performance equipment of his own invention: machines for simultaneous grinding and polishing of the internal and external surfaces of stone products, for turning oval shapes, and replaced imported emery with local abrasive material. The factory's products were known far beyond Russia.
Laulin Mikhail Sergeevich (1775-1835), mining specialist, son of a soldier. Graduated from the Barnaul Mining School (1790). While working at the Suzunsky plant, he built an original installation for pouring copper into molds from furnaces using cranes.
M. S. Laulin built one of the first cast-iron rail roads in Russia between the Zmeinogorsk mines and the Zmeevsky silver smelting plant, designed by P. K. Frolov (1806-1808), designed and built the building of the smelting factory (instead of the burnt one) of the Barnaul silver smelting plant (1809- 1811).
From 1811 until the end of his life, M. S. Laulin was the manager of the Kolyvan grinding factory. Under his leadership, Kolyvan craftsmen made numerous highly artistic products - a series of medallions about Patriotic War 1812, jasper bowls and columns.
Under him, the processing of a huge monolith of green-wavy jasper from the Revnenskaya quarry began, which became the world famous “Queen of Vases,” weighing 19 tons.
M. S. Laulin was buried in the village of Kolyvan, Altai Territory. His grave with a massive granite slab, hewn by Kolyvan stone cutters, has survived to this day.
Tistrov Vasily Ivanovich (1799 - after 1845), born into a family of “glass masters”. After graduating from the mining corps in St. Petersburg, V.I. Tistrov went to Altai. The service began in Barnaul, where he was appointed “bailiff of the smelting production of the Barnaul plant.”
In 1823, V. I. Tistrov was sent to the Urals “to provide comments on the discovery and development of gold-bearing sands at the Ekaterinburg factories...” the knowledge and experience acquired in the Urals made V. I. Tistrov the largest specialist in the Kolyvan-Voznesensk district.
During his years of work in Barnaul, he was a caretaker of the mining museum, a teacher at a mining school, and was in charge of a paper mill. In the 30s, V.I. Tistrov was the manager of factories and mines of the Salair district. Since 1840, V.I. Tistrov was appointed manager of the Suzunsky copper smelter and the Mint.
Due to illness, on November 17, 1845, V.I. Tistrov received his resignation from service with the rank of lieutenant colonel in the corps of mining engineers.
Cherkasov Alexander Alexandrovich (1834-1895) - mining engineer, manager of the Suzunsky copper smelter (1872-1883), writer and naturalist. Born into the family of a mining engineer. In 1855 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of the Corps of Mining Engineers and, at his own request, was sent to Transbaikalia (Nerchinsk Mining District), where he served until 1871. He was awarded three orders and, with the rank of major, was transferred to the Altai Mining District to the position of head of the Salair mines. In 1872, A. A. Cherkasov was appointed Manager of the Suzunsky Copper Smelter.
In 1883, A. A. Cherkasov retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel and moved to Barnaul, where he lived for seven years, of which five years he was the mayor.
During his years of service in Transbaikalia, A. A. Cherkasov traveled all over Dauria, where he became addicted to “writing.” A. A. Cherkasov’s debut as a writer took place under the auspices of N. A. Nekrasov. In 1886, the Sovremennik magazine, edited by N. A. Nekrasov, published “Notes of a Hunter of Eastern Siberia.” A separate book"Notes..." came out on German(1886), twice on French(1886, 1899), and in Russia the book was published 6 times, four times during the Soviet period. The essays “Broken Bipod”, “Gloomy”, “Kultuma” were published in the Moscow magazine “Nature and Hunting”, and in 1893 the novel “In Altai”.
Books by A. A. Cherkasov are not only about animals, birds and methods of hunting them. The works contain rich information about the past of Transbaikalia, Altai, the culture, life and customs of the local population.
Pirozhkov Pyotr Filippovich (1908-1979), Suzun chronicler, local historian, naturalist. Born in the village of Zorino, Suzunsky district. Pyotr Filippovich devoted more than half a century of his life to local history. He was interested in everything: history, culture, economics, Live nature, the fate of people. Over the years, he never parted with his notebook and camera.
P. F. Pirozhkov was the ideological organizer of the Suzun Museum of Local Lore, actively participated in the district and regional press, and ran the “Local History Chronicle of Suzun” column in the regional newspaper “New Life.”
Pyotr Filippovich created the “Dictionary of the Siberian Old-Timers”, which contains about 400 unique words. The West Siberian book publishing house published his book “Suzun Colorful Colors”.
A street in the Southwestern residential area of Suzuna, which is under construction, is named after P.F. Pirozhkov.
Forest bonitet (German Bonität, from Latin bonitas - good quality), an indicator of forest productivity, depending on soil, ground and climatic conditions (habitat). It is determined by the average height of the trees of the dominant species of the plantation, taking into account its age. According to the grading scale, plantings are divided into 5 quality classes, designated by Roman numerals. Class I includes the most productive plantings, class V – the least productive. Often the number of forest quality classes is increased, for example, the sign Ia denotes stands with productivity above class I and the sign Va - below class V. A common grading scale has been adopted for all tree species. Special scales have been established for seed and coppice plantings.