Presentation on the theme of ancient Rome. History presentation on the topic "Ancient Rome". Development of Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome is one of the leading civilizations ancient world and antiquity, got its name from the main city (Roma), in turn named after the legendary founder - Romulus.
slide 2
The center of Rome was formed within the swampy plain, bounded by
- Capitol
- Palatine
- Quirinal.
slide 3
The official language of the ancient Roman state was Latin, religion for most of the period of existence was polytheistic
- Neptune (god of the seas)
- Hephaestus (god of fire)
slide 4
The unofficial coat of arms of the empire was a golden eagle.
slide 5
- fire brigades
- Central heating
- apartment buildings
- paved roads
- Christianity
- Hourglass
- Aqueduct
- Water wheel
slide 6
According to legend, the sons of Romulus and his twin brother Rem were born to the daughter of the Local King Rhea Silvia and the Roman god of war Mars.
Legend of the founding of Rome
Slide 7
The mother of Romulus and Remus, Rhea Sylvia, was the daughter of the legitimate king Numitor, deposed from the throne by his younger brother Amulius.
Slide 8
Amulius did not want the children of Numitor to interfere with his ambitious plans: Numitor's son disappeared during a hunt, and Rhea Silvia was forced to become a vestal, which doomed her to a 30-year vow of celibacy. In the fourth year of service, the god Mars appeared to her in the sacred grove, from whom Rhea Sylvia gave birth to two brothers.
Slide 9
The parental home of Remus and Romulus ...
Slide 10
Rubens "Romulus and Remus". She-wolf cave
Enraged, Amulius took her into custody, and ordered the babies to be put in a basket and thrown into the Tiber River. However, the basket was washed ashore at the foot of the Palatine Hill, where they were fed by a she-wolf.
slide 11
and the cares of the mother were replaced by the arriving woodpecker and lapwing. Subsequently, all these animals became sacred to Rome.
slide 12
The she-wolf who nursed Romulus and Remus….
slide 13
Slide 14
slide 15
slide 16
Then the brothers were picked up by the royal shepherd Faustulus. His wife, Akka Larentia, who had not yet consoled herself after the death of her child, took the twins into her care.
Slide 17
When Romulus and Remus grew up, they returned to Alba Longa, where they learned the secret of their origin.
They killed Amulius and restored their grandfather Numitor to the throne.
Slide 18
There is another version of this legend...
Romulus and Remus overthrew the criminal king and returned power over Alba to his grandfather. Themselves with their retinue moved to the banks of the Tiber - to those places where they were raised by a she-wolf.
Here they decided to lay new town, but they could not agree on who would reign in it, because the twins had no advantage over each other.
Slide 19
Finally, relying on the will of the gods, the brothers began to follow the heavenly signs (omens).
Rem, who was guessing on the Aventine Hill, was the first to see a good sign - six kites soaring in the sky.
Slide 20
Romulus, who was sitting on the Palatine, saw 12 birds a little later.
Each of the brothers interpreted the signs in his favor, a quarrel broke out between them, and Romulus, having rashly hit his brother, killed him on the spot.
slide 21
On the Palatine hill, where fraternal blood was shed, the first fortifications of the city, which received the name of its founder, were erected.
In honor of Romulus, he was named Roma.
slide 22
Foundation of Rome.
The legendary date of the founding of Rome is 753 BC
However, settlements on the site of Rome existed long before this date.
On the left bank of the Tiber, on elevated hills, there were settlements, which later united into one city.
- Quirinal
- Viminal
- Esquiline
- Caelius
- Aventine
- Palatine
- Capitol
slide 23
At first, the main concern of Romulus was to increase the population of the city. To this end, he granted the newcomers rights, freedoms and citizenship on a par with the first settlers. For them, he assigned the lands of Capitol Hill.
slide 24
Thanks to this, runaway slaves, exiles and just adventurers from other cities and countries began to flock to the city.
Citizens of ancient Rome
Slide 25
slide 26
The ancient Romans lived in primitive houses made of willow twigs coated with clay.
Nearby were a garden and a vegetable garden, and outside the city - fields and pastures.
As a result of constant wars with neighboring cities, the Romans expanded their subject territory.
In addition to the patricians, immigrants from the Latin settlements conquered by Rome, as well as from other regions of Italy, lived in the city.
They were called plebeians.
Only the patricians took part in the management of ancient Rome.
The elders of the clans sat in the council, which was called the Senate.
Slide 31
The king was elected by the people's assembly for life (until 510 BC)
The order of the formation of the Senate in ancient Rome
Common holidays, mutual assistance
People's Assembly
- A family
- A family
- A family
- A family
- A family
- Elder
- Elder
- Senate
One elder from each clan (300 clans)
slide 32
People's Assembly (composed of male patricians)
- declared war
- made peace
- Chose a king (for life)
- Senate
- Patrician families
View all slides
Topic: Ancient Rome. The Roman Empire"
General history, 10th grade.
Homework: Paragraph 7, summary in a notebook and oral answer on the item "Roman law". Plan:
- early empire. Principate;
- late empire. Dominat;
- The emergence of Christianity;
- Roman law.
Emperor Constantine the Great. Fragment of a mosaic. Cathedral of St. Sophia in Constantinople. End of the 10th century
Fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Western Empire was undermined from the inside by the movement of slaves and columns, and from the outside it was constantly disturbed by barbarian raids, which accelerated the process of disintegration. In 410 Rome was taken by the Visigoths. September 4, 476 The leader of the Germans, Odoacer, deposed the last Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus. Thus ended the 12-century dominion of Rome.
Romulus Augustus presents the crown to Odoacer
slide 1
ANCIENT ROME
MBOU "Lyceum No. 12", Novosibirsk teacher VKK Stadnichuk T.M.
slide 2
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
The most ambitious attempt in the history of the ancient world to create a vast, effectively governed empire was undertaken by Rome. According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC. three tribes of the Latins, who lived in the region of the Tiber River.
slide 3
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
Story ancient rome completes the era of the Ancient World, which lasted more than 13 centuries. Periodization of Roman history: 753 - 509 BC. - Royal Rome. 510 BC - With. 3rd century BC - Early Republic. With. 3rd century BC – 30 BC — Late Republic. 30 BC - 284 - Early empire. 284 - 456 - Late Empire.
slide 4
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
Initially, the social life of Rome, as in Athens, was built on the basis of tribal traditions. Senate - supreme body management, consisted of 100 people, the elders of the clans that founded the city. National Assembly - the election of the king, the most important issues. An oath solution. The king is chosen Supreme ruler, shall rule in accordance with tradition and the will of the senate.
slide 5
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
PATRICIA - descendants of the founders of Rome, they owned the lands adjacent to the city, which were cultivated by individual families.
PLEBEI - alien population, members of other tribes who settled in Rome. Were free, received a small allotment of land, but remained incomplete
slide 6
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, after him six more kings ruled in Rome. From 616 BC the kings were elected from the noble Etruscan family of Tarquinius, which indicates the dependence of Rome on the Etruscans.
In the middle of the VI century. Rome was ruled by Servius Tullius. He carried out reforms similar to those of Solon in Athens. They dealt a serious blow to the privileges of the tribal nobility. The plebeians got a part civil rights. The formation of the Roman city-state began - CIVITAS
Slide 7
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
The tyrannical nature of the reign of the new king Tarquinius the Proud, who canceled the reforms, angered the senate. In 509 BC he was expelled. A republic was established in Rome.
Slide 8
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
Republic (lat. "common cause") in ancient Rome - a form of government in which the free inhabitants of the city, constituting a civil community, elected the officials of the republic. Comitia - popular assemblies, the highest political power Senate - a council of elders, which included only representatives of 300 patrician families Two consuls - had the highest military and civil power, were elected for a year The dictator was elected in wartime (in emergency circumstances) for a limited term, had fullness two praetors had judicial power
ROMAN CONSUL
Slide 9
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
During this period, there was a fierce struggle of the plebeians for the fullness of civil rights. In the struggle with the patricians, they managed to achieve the right to elect people's tribunes, defending their interests before the senate. People's Tribunes - could impose a ban on the decisions of the Senate. Plebeians gained access to all magistracies. The decisions of the assembly of the plebs began to have the force of law.
Slide 10
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
fencing. Three times a month forced marches for 30 km - 6-8 km / h. Training in the construction and dismantling of a military camp. Physical punishment. Decimation - the execution of every 10th by lot. Reducing the diet for disobedience. The wealthy served in the cavalry, the poor in the infantry.
Organization of the army: Conscript - Roman 17 - 46 years old, owner of the property. Service life 20-25 years. Daily: swimming, running, jumping, dart throwing and
slide 11
THE FOUNDATION OF ROME
In 451-450 years. BC. in Rome for the first time uniform laws for all were adopted - the Laws of the XII Tables. From 445 BC e. marriages between patricians and plebeians were allowed. A century later, the plebeians were given access to elected positions, including consular posts.
The changes that took place meant that in the 5th c. BC. in Rome, as in Athens, there was new system public organization in which citizenship mattered more than tribal ties.
slide 12
The need for new territories: additional labor, processes of dispossession of peasants, population growth. Roman primacy was soon recognized Greek colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily. And by 265 BC. the entire Apennine Peninsula was in the hands of Rome.
slide 13
ESTABLISHING DOMINATION OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN
After the subjugation of the entire Apennine Peninsula, the Mediterranean became a zone of interests of the Roman state. Here it clashed with powerful Carthage, the Syrian kingdom, Macedonia and the Egyptian power of the Ptolemies.
264-146 AD BC e. - Punic Wars. Hannibal. 216 BC e. – Battle of Cannae 146 BC e. - Carthage is destroyed. Dominance in the Western Mediterranean.
Slide 14
ESTABLISHING DOMINATION OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN
The Romans turned their aspirations to the East. As a result of the Macedonian wars, by the middle of the 2nd century. BC e. Macedonia and Greece were annexed to Rome. In the middle of the 1st c. BC. Syria became a Roman province, and in 30 BC. The last Mediterranean country, Egypt, was conquered. the Mediterranean has become inland sea Rome.
slide 15
CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
The influx of wealth from the conquered lands, the growth of income from trade, the increase in the number of slaves - all this gave rise to many problems in Rome itself.
Ruin of holders of small land plots
The number of people called to military service decreased
Weakening of the army.
slide 16
CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
An attempt to overcome the crisis was a democratic reform movement, led by the Gracchi brothers, to establish a limit on the size of land holdings for the patricians, and to transfer the surplus on an equalizing basis to the poor. As a result, the reforms were defeated, and the impoverishment of the Roman peasantry continued.
Slide 17
CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
A serious problem was the significantly increased number of slaves. Some of them were used as servants in the families of noble Romans, but mostly the slaves were used on plantations, they were completely deprived of rights and were subjected to cruel treatment.
Slide 18
CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
In 136-132 years. BC. a powerful uprising of slaves took place in Sicily. The largest in the history of Rome was the uprising of slaves led by Spartacus (74-71 BC). Starting in a gladiator school near Capua, it soon spread to much of Italy. The Romans barely managed to defeat the army of slaves.
Slide 19
CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
To replenish the troops, the commanders had to hire the poor, who had not previously been accepted into military service. At the end of II - beginning of I century BC. e. the Roman army consisted mainly of mercenaries, ready to serve whoever paid them more generously.
Slide 20
CRISIS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
The conflict with the allied cities of Italy led in 90-88. BC. to civil war. Rome could not cope with the uprising, it had to make concessions. All inhabitants of Italian cities are Roman citizens. Continuous conquests enriched the ruling strata of Roman society, but led to the impoverishment of the provincials. The polis authorities proved to be unadapted to the new conditions. and the real power lies with the commanders, who seek sole leadership.
Events of the end of II - beginning of I century. BC. in Rome and its possessions = crisis of the Roman Republic.
slide 21
FORMATION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Only commanders who were popular among the army could claim the role of rulers of Rome. Attempts to establish dynastic rule were made repeatedly.
SULLA LUCIUS CORNELIUS
The first of the dictators in Rome was Sulla. After his death and civil strife, power passed into the hands of the triumvirate (60 BC) - Caesar, Pompey and Crassus.
slide 22
FORMATION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Guy Julius Caesar, became the governor of Gaul, which had yet to be conquered. Having shown himself to be a brilliant commander, he subjugated Britain. The Rhine became the border of the possessions of Rome in the north. In 49 BC Caesar captured Rome and won the civil war that began and was proclaimed dictator for life. But in 44 BC. he was killed by supporters of the republic.
slide 23
FORMATION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
The rivalry between them led to a new civil war. In 30 BC. new ruler of Rome
became Octavian. After the conquest of Egypt, he received from the Senate the honorary title of Augustus (divine), and full power for 44 years. Became emperor Caesar Augustus. The territory of the Roman state was called the Roman Empire.
slide 24
FORMATION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Formally, the republican order was preserved, but the functions of the Senate were increasingly limited to the head of the empire. The emperor - trailer - concentrated in his hands the highest civil and military power and ruled with the help of a bureaucratic apparatus subordinate to him.
Principate - a monarchy, which was given the appearance of a republic.
Slide 25
FORMATION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
During the reign of the heirs of Augustus, the pernicious aspects of autocracy were revealed - despotism, arbitrariness, bloody rivalry. The Roman Senate turned into a "body of conciliation", the Roman aristocracy preferred
idle leisure Public service, the main value in the eyes of society has become wealth. The worst times were considered the reign of Tiberius, Caligula, Nero.
NERO, ANCIENT ROMAN EMPEROR (54-68).
slide 26
FORMATION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Protests against tyranny took the only possible form of military coups. As a result, the most successful commanders came to power, striving to found their own dynasties.
slide 1
slide 2
Homework: Paragraph 7, summary in a notebook and oral answer on the item "Roman Law".
slide 3
Plan: Early empire. Principate; late empire. Dominat; The emergence of Christianity; Roman law.
slide 4
Principate and Dominate Find on p. 84 concept of “principate” Principate is a monarchy with the preservation of the outward signs of a republic. Find on p. 84 concept of "dominate" Dominate - the form of government established by Diocletian (284-305), includes a period of tetrarchy.
slide 5
Fill in the table: Form of government / dates of existence Politics Economy Culture Principate Dominat
slide 6
Check: Form of government/existing dates Politics Economy Culture Principate (1st century BC - 2nd century AD) Glavagos-va-emperor; A special role is the bureaucracy. The conquest of new territories, the spread of the Roman state, law, lifestyle. City building; Magnificent architectural structures (Flavian amphitheater, Pantheon temple); Poetry (Virgil's poem "Aeneid"); Writings of historians. Dominat
Slide 7
Check: Form of government/existing date Politics Economy Culture Principate (1st century BC - 2nd century AD) Dominate (284 - 305 AD) Rule of four - tetrarchy, emperor - "god and lord" . Reforms: administrative, state, municipal, military, judiciary, financial. Table of ranks (officials were divided into categories, which determined the status, payment, form of address). The process of attaching peasants to the land is the development of the colony. Large landowners appear - magnates.
Slide 8
Read the paragraph “The Rise of Christianity…”, p. 86-87, answer the questions: What is "Christianity"? When and where did it originate? Which organization played an important role in the development of Christianity? Who became followers of this religion? Who was at the head of the Christian communities? Who were their assistants? Who is a bishop? What does the term "clear" mean?
Slide 9
Christianity Christianity (from the Greek Χριστός - "anointed one", "Messiah") is a world religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ described in the New Testament. Christianity arose in the 1st century. in Palestine, which was at that time under the rule of the Roman Empire. Rome for 3 centuries persecuted Christians, they were persecuted throughout the empire, tortured, executed. But Christians, on the contrary, became more and more.
slide 10
Constantine I the Great (306 - 337) In 313, the Edict of Milan was issued, which allowed Christians to freely practice their religion. In 323 he became the sole ruler. In 325 - Council of Nicaea - Christianity becomes the state religion of the Roman Empire. In 330g. moved the capital of the state to Byzantium (Constantinople); 395 - division of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern. Emperor Constantine the Great. Fragment of a mosaic. Cathedral of St. Sophia in Constantinople. End of the 10th century
1 slide
2 slide
3 slide
Lesson outline LESSON OUTLINE: Periodization of Ancient Roman History Roman Civil Society and the Early Republic Rome's Rise to a World Power
4 slide
5 slide
Age of Kings: 753 BC-510 BC (from the founding of Rome to the expulsion of the last of the kings) Early Republic: 510 BC -mid 3rd c. BC. (from the expulsion of the kings to the Punic Wars) Late Republic, the formation of the Roman state: the middle of the 3rd century. BC. – 27 BC Early empire, principate: 27 BC - 3 in. AD Crisis - 3rd c. Late Empire, Dominant: 4th century AD - 476 (fall of the Western Roman Empire
6 slide
The basis of the Roman people - the Romans, Sabines, Etruscans Etruscans - a special influence on Roman history (borrowed: the practice of building cities, the architecture of temples, many crafts) Further development - the Romans, who subjugate the peoples of the surrounding regions, and then all of Italy. Language - Latin
7 slide
KING (ruler, judge, priest) People's assembly Senate Council of elders of clans (patricians only) Male patricians, later plebeians 510 BC. - Roman uprising, overthrow of the last king new form state structure R E S P U B L I C
8 slide
Plebeians - descendants of the indigenous people conquered by the Romans, aliens. Free people pay taxes, but do not have the right to serve in the army, participate in government. The main occupations are agriculture, craft, trade. Fight for civil rights. Patricians - at first a small group of men who came with Romulus, later formed the dominant group in Roman society, had full rights and obligations (landowners, service in the army, participation in government) Result of the struggle: Patrician + plebeian elite = nobility
9 slide
The main features of the Roman civil community The combination of collective and private land ownership, in the presence of the supreme property of the community The connection between the concepts of "citizen", "warrior", "farmer" Equality of political and legal rights of citizens The power of the people's assembly in all major issues dependent workers, and even more so slaves Acceleration of the transformation of foreigners into slaves
10 slide
11 slide
ROME - a world power 265 BC - the entire Apennine Peninsula was captured The struggle of Rome with Carthage - three Punic wars (264 - 146 BC) The winner Rome captured Spain and North Africa RESULT: CARTHAGE is destroyed by the redistribution of the world.
12 slide
SOLVING THE PROBLEM There is evidence that some rich Romans had up to 20,000 slaves at that time. So, the slave owner Crassus and Danetria had so many slaves that a whole army could be recruited from them. Pompey actually made a squadron of 300 of his shepherds, another slave owner had 8,000 thousand slaves. What conclusions can be drawn from these data?
13 slide
Sources of Slavery in Ancient Rome Sources of Slavery in Ancient Rome Piracy of children of slaves Captives for desertion for debts Sale of children into slavery major cities in the center of Rome on the island of Delos
14 slide
Military victories led to an unprecedented spread of slavery. A huge number of slaves captured in the war poured into Italy. Gangs also operated on the sea and on land, kidnapping people and selling them into slavery. The inhabitants of the Roman provinces, who did not pay taxes, also turned into slavery.
15 slide
Slave markets existed everywhere. The main one was in Rome itself in the Bullish Forum. Here the days of selling cattle and slaves alternated. Not only strong men were sold in the markets, but also old men, women and children. The sellers touted their goods, but on the chest of each sold there had to be a sign with a list of bodily defects.