How many people were in the Volga squad? Expressive means for describing the images of heroes
OPTION 1
- What is the name of a work of oral folk poetry about Russian heroes and folk heroes?
- How many people were in Volga's squad?
- Who did Volga meet on his way?
- What atrocities did Mikula Selyaninovich tell Volga about?
- Who pulled the plow out of the ground?
7. In what city does the epic “Sadko” take place?
8. Who did Sadko meet on Lake Ilmen?
9. What did Sadko want to buy in order to win the dispute with the Novgorod abbots?
10. What did Sadko build after his return from the bottom of the sea with his countless gold treasury?
11. How do you understand the meaning of the words below? Write their explanation.
Oratay-
Omeshiki-
Prisoshnichek
Obzhi-
12. To which of the heroes of the epic “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber” do these words belong?
You, remote, portly, kind fellow,
Oh, you glorious hero and Holy Russian!
The straight path is blocked,
The path was blocked up and walled up.
TEST WORK ON THE TOPIC “Epics”
OPTION 2
- Name the musical instrument that accompanied the epic songs.
- How many days did Volga’s squad travel to Oratai?
- What was the name of Volga Svyatoslavovich’s uncle?
- Why did Mikula Selyaninovich want to return back to the field?
- How does Volga address Mikula Selyaninovich?
- Read an excerpt from the epic “Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich.” Find epithets in it and write them down.
How Volga began to grow and swear here,
Volga wanted a lot of wisdom:
He walks like a pike fish in the deep seas,
Fly like a falcon bird under his covers,
Gray wolf scour the open fields.
All the fish left for the blue sea,
All the birds flew away for the shells,
All the animals galloped away into the dark forest.
How Volga began to grow and mature here,
I gathered myself a good squad:
Thirty fellows, but without a single one,
And Volga himself was in the thirties.
- Who was the rich merchant Sadko before?
- What did Sadko argue with the Novgorod merchants about?
- What did Sadko do at the request of the king at the bottom of the sea?
- Why and why did the king of the sea want to greet Sadko?
- How do you understand the meaning of the words below? Write their explanation.
Grow-mature-
Name-
Guzhiki-
Slightly
- To which of the heroes of the epic “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” do these words belong?
Hey guys, you are from Chernigov!
I am not coming to you as a commander in Chernigov.
Show me the straight path,
I'm going straight to the capital Kyiv-grad.
When the red sun rose
Whether it’s in the sky or in the clear,
Then young Volga was born,
Young Volga Svyatoslavovich.
Volga wanted a lot of wisdom:
He walks like a pike fish in the deep seas,
Fly like a falcon bird under his covers,
Like a gray wolf, roam the clear fields.
All the fish left in the blue sea,
All the birds flew away for the shells,
All the animals galloped away into the dark forest.
How Volga began to grow and mature here,
I gathered myself a good squad:
Thirty fellows and without a single one,
And Volga himself was in the thirties.
I collected dark brown stallions for myself,
Dark brown stallions are not light.
Here we are mounted on good horses, let's go,
Let's go to the cities and get some pay.
We drove to Razdolitsa, an open field,
We heard shouting in the open field.
Oratai's bipod creaks,
The little guys are scratching the pebbles.
We drove all day from morning to evening,
We couldn’t get to Oratai
They were traveling and it was another day.
Another day is from morning to evening,
We couldn’t get to Oratai.
How Oratay yells and whistles in the field,
And the little guys are scratching the pebbles.
They rode here for the third day,
And the third day is still before the swan day.
And we came across an open field in Oratay.
How Oratay yells and whistles in the field,
And he marks the furrows,
And the singing roots turn out,
And large stones are thrown into the furrow.
Oratay has a nightingale mare,
She has silken little buns,
Orata's bipod is maple,
The damask boots on the bipod,
The bipod's snout is silver,
And the horn of the bipod is red and gold.
And Oratai’s curls are swaying,
Are the pearls scattered,
The screaming eyes and clear eyes of a falcon,
And his eyebrows are black sable.
Oratai's boots are green morocco
Here are the awls of the heels, sharp noses,
A sparrow will fly under your heel,
At least roll an egg near your nose.
The orata has a downy hat,
And his caftan is black velvet.
Volga says these words:
- God help you, oratay-oratayushko!
Yell, plow, and become peasants,
And you should mark the furrows,
And pull out the stumps and roots,
And throw big stones into the furrow!
Oratai says these words:
- Come on, Volga Svyatoslavovich!
I need God’s help for the peasantry.
Where are you, Volga, going, where are you going?
- How my dear uncle treated me,
Dear uncle and godfather,
Affectionate Vladimir Stolno-Kyiv,
Are there three cities with peasants:
The first city was Kurtsovets,
Another city Orekhovets,
The third city is Krestyanovets.
Now I’m going to the cities and getting my pay.
There live little peasants and all the robbers,
They will chop down the viburnum slugs
May they drown you in the river and in Smorodino!
I was recently there in the city, the third day,
I bought three whole furs of salt,
Each fur was worth a hundred pounds...
And then the peasants began to ask me for pennies,
I started dividing them pennies,
And the pennies became scarce,
There are more men being hired.
Then I started pushing them away,
He started pushing me away and threatening me with his fist.
I put them here, up to a thousand:
He who stands standing sits sitting,
The one who sits while sitting, lies down.
Here Volga Svyatoslavovich spoke:
You will go with me as comrades.
Is Oratay-Oratayushko here?
He quilted the silk goose bumps,
He turned the mare out of the bipod.
They mounted good horses and rode off.
And her mane is curly.
But Volgin’s horse remains.
Oratai says these words:
– I left the bipod in the groove
Not for the sake of the passer-by:
A low-powered one will run over - there’s nothing to take,
But if a rich man comes, he won’t be covetous, -
And for the sake of the peasant and the hillbilly,
As if to pull the bipod out of the land,
I'd like to shake the land out of the Americans
Yes
Volga Svyatoslavovich is here
He sends a good squad,
As if a bipod had been pulled out of the ground,
A good squad is coming,
Five fellows, but mighty ones,
To that maple bipod.
But they can’t lift the bipod out of the ground,
Throw the bipod behind the willow bush.
Here is young Volga Svyatoslavovich
Sends from a good squad
He's a whole dozen.
They twirl the bipod around,
But they can’t pull the bipod out of the ground,
Shake out the land from the omeshas,
Throw the bipod behind the willow bush.
And here is Volga Svyatoslavovich
Sends all his good squad,
To pull the bipod out of the ground,
The land was shaken out of the Omeshians,
They would throw a bipod behind a willow bush.
They twirl the bipod around,
But they can’t pull the bipod out of the ground,
Shake out the land from the omeshas,
Throw the bipod behind the willow bush.
Here we are shouting-oratayushko
On your little nightingale mare
I came to the maple bipod.
He took the bipod with one hand,
He pulled the bipod out of the ground,
He shook out the land from the Omeshians,
He threw the bipod behind the willow bush.
And then we mounted our good horses and rode off,
How her tail spreads out,
And her mane is curly.
The screaming mare started walking,
And Volgin’s horse is galloping.
The screaming mare began to breastfeed,
But Volgin’s horse remains.
Then Volga began to shout,
He started waving his cap:
“Wait a minute, you little bastard!”
They would give five hundred for this mare.
Here the oratay-oratayushko spoke:
- Oh, you’re stupid, Volga Svyatoslavovich!
I bought this mare as a foal
As a foal and from under his mother,
He paid five hundred rubles for the mare.
If only this mare were a skate,
There would be no price for this mare!
Here Volga Svyatoslavovich spoke:
- Oh, you, oratay-oratayushko,
Somehow they call you by your name,
Do they call you after your fatherland? -
Here the oratay-oratayushko spoke:
- Oh, Volga Svyatoslavovich!
I’ll plow up like rye and put it in stacks,
I’ll put them in stacks and drag them home,
I’ll drag you home and thrash you at home,
And I’ll make beer and give the peasants a drink,
And then the men will begin to praise me:
“Young Mikula Selyaninovich!”...
Volga Svyatoslavovich - hero, hero folk epics. One of the epics tells about his meeting with Mikula Selyaninovich. Volga is an unusual hero. He understands the language of animals and birds. This is not an ordinary man, he is the son of the serpent and the earthly woman Martha.
Volga can also transform into various animals. In general, transformation into animals, or if an ancestor is an animal, according to ancient epics, was a gift from above to a sorcerer or great hunter. Earlier, before Volga’s meeting with Mikula, the hero went on a long campaign against the Indian kingdom. There's his skill
Transforming and transforming others into various birds and animals was very useful. And here is the continuation of the stories about the daring brave Volga - an epic about how he met a man great strength and mind.
The epic begins with a description of how Volga Svyatoslavovich assembles a squad, he selects thirty young and strong men. He wants to go on a hike to learn a lot of new things and test his strength. A city awaits him ahead, and tribute will need to be collected from the city. Having gathered a squad of brown-eyed fellows, they go out into an open field.
Along the way, in the distance they hear a man plowing the land. At the same time he whistles and creaks
His plow. But the squad drives for an hour, two, a day, then another, they hear whistling and creaking, like pebbles striking against pebbles, but there is still no sign of the plowman. And finally they saw him: a large man plowing in the field. Everything about that man was unusual: a mare, silk tugs, a plow made of silver, gold, damask stones and made of maple. The plowman himself stands before them, handsome, stately, curly-haired and well dressed: boots made of green morocco, a feather hat and a caftan made of black velvet. Seeing the army, the plowman asked where they were going.
Volga said that Prince Vladimir, his godfather, his uncle, gave him three cities, where they were heading. The names of the cities are: Orekhovets, Krestyanovets and Kurtsovets. Then the man warned Volga that bandits and robbers lived in those cities, and that he needed to be very careful in dealing with them. He told his squad how not long ago he went to the city to buy salt, he bought three bags of it, one hundred poods each, but then he had to fight back so that he could carry his feet and not part with the salt. He said that on that day he killed about a thousand robbers.
Then Volga thought that the man might be useful to him if in the future he collected tribute from the cities, he invited him to the city with him. We got on our horses and rode off. After some time, the plowman suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to throw his plow behind the broom bush. He assumed that the poor man might not take it, but the rich man would covet it and steal it. Then Volga sent five of his fellows from the squad, but they could not even pull the plow out of the ground, but twisted it back and forth, it was so heavy. Then Volga sent a dozen more daredevils, but they could not help, and only suffered.
Everyone had to return, and the plowman, sitting on his mare, took his plow out of the ground with only one hand, shook out the stones from the bags, threw them behind a bush, and was gone. The plowman's mare is strong and moves ahead of the horses. The squad was surprised by the strength of the man and the strength of his mare, and Volga asked the name of his friend. The plowman answered that his name was Mikula Selyaninovich. Mikula's strength amazes Volga Svyatoslavovich. He tells him that if his mare were a horse, they would give five hundred rubles for her. Then Orotai answered him that he bought the mare as a foal for five hundred rubles, and if she had been a horse, then there would simply be no price for her.
They mount their horses again and ride into an open field. Soon they arrive at big city Kurtsevets, they are moving in. The city men look at them with interest, but soon recognize in Mikula the same plowman who alone defeated them just recently. Then they begin to approach the man, speak to him with respect, and apologize. Other people walk and talk and talk about how Mikula beat men a few days ago.
Volga Svyatoslavovich saw this and exclaimed with joy that he was granting all three cities to the plowman, with all the peasants in addition, to the one who had conquered him with his strength and wisdom. Now Mikula Selyaninovich had three cities, and now he had to collect tribute.
After meeting with Mikula the plowman, Volga abandoned his reign and began to practice pure witchcraft. That's what people said.
Epics are ancient tales passed down from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. To make them easy to remember, they were written in the style of tonic verse and recited in a chant. They tell about many heroes of the folk epic; epics about Volga Svyatoslavovich have three plots. The first is a tale about his birth, the second is about a great campaign against Turkey or India (there are two different interpretations), the third is about his meeting with Mikula Selyaninovich.
Some historians identify Volga with Prince Oleg the Prophet. It is believed that every epic hero had to have a prototype. Some historians do not agree with this version and consider the origin of the epic characters to be mythology.
“Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich” is a magnificent epic, a Russian work in the folklore genre, which was written by the people. Let's consider the main points that play an important role in the perception of the text. The characterization of Volga Svyatoslavovich in the epic is also of no small importance.
Volga Svyatoslavovich in the epic went on a campaign with his fellows in order to collect tribute from people living in three cities. They heard the sound of a bipod and rushed towards it to understand where the sound was coming from. Volga Svyatoslavovich rode for a long time with his squad and finally reached his goal. He sees: standing in front of him is a fine fellow, a peasant, he is dressed in a velvet robe, and in his hands is a bipod. The young man is described in all his glory. Seeing Volga Svyatoslavovich, the fellow is interested in where the squad is heading. The prince answers him, to which he receives a warning. In the cities where they gathered, robbers live, so Volga Svyatoslavovich should be more attentive and careful with the good fellows. After this, the prince decides to take the plowman with him. He agrees. Young people gallop on their horses, but soon the peasant remembers that he forgot to throw the bipod behind a bush, leaving it in the same place. The prince sent his squad to carry out the assignment, but they did not have enough strength. As a result, Oratai returns, easily taking the bipod out of the ground and throwing it behind a broom bush. Surprised by the power of the young man, the epic hero Volga Svyatoslavovich asks what the plowman’s name is. He answers that Mikula Selyaninovich. Arriving in the city, the men recognize Mikula. They apologize to him and to Volga Svyatoslavovich. Seeing how Mikula is respected here, the prince gives him three cities.
The main characters of the epic
The main characters of the epic "Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich" are Prince Volga Svyatoslavovich and the plowman Mikula Selyaninovich. Both characters are described as majestic fellows. Despite the fact that the peasants were dressed quite simply, Mikula Selyaninovich is presented in a beautiful velvet robe, a feather headdress and bright high-heeled boots. When describing, folk language is used, which adds expressiveness to the work. Such a simple household item as a bipod is described using various means of expression, many epithets and metaphors, thanks to which the image of the plow is revealed in the most detail. The technique of contrast and antithesis was used to describe the images of Mikula Selyaninovich and Volga Svyatoslavovich. The activity of a plowman and his work rise above the military occupation of Volga Svyatoslavovich. The narrator also uses such a technique as hyperbole - exaggeration, when describing Mikula's strength, which is characteristic of the Russian epic genre. The whole squad could not cope with the work that Mikula Selyaninovich performs daily and with ease. The attitude towards the peasant is respectful, this is also expressed through the use of diminutive adjectives. But nevertheless, it is worth noting that the narrator pays less attention to the characterization of Volga Svyatoslavovich.
Expressive means for describing the images of heroes
The narrator uses a variety of expressive means to describe the images of Volga Svyatoslavovich and Mikula Selyaninovich. The use of folk words and expressions adds color to the work. A large number of epithets and metaphors when describing the images of the plowman and Volga Svyatoslavovich present to the reader in more detail the appearance and character of the main characters.
The origin of the image of Volga Svyatoslavovich
The hero Volga Svyatoslavovich is a real historical character who existed during the Kievan Rus. It represents the prince of Kievan Rus Oleg Svyatoslavovich. His grandfather was Yaroslav the Wise himself, and Vladimir Monomakh was the prince's cousin. Oleg Svyatoslavovich was born in 1073 and was the fourth child of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. His image is also mentioned in the work “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”
Characteristics of one of the main characters - Volga Svyatoslavovich
Volga Svyatoslavovich is strong, his gait is especially heavy, which emphasizes his power and greatness. It's like he's part of nature. Volga Svyatoslavovich is so close to nature, to nature, that he can turn into a bird and fly away. His closeness to nature characterizes him as an attentive person who knows how to peer, peer, and appreciates beauty and art. This means that the prince is not only physically developed, but is also the owner of a rich inner world. He also has authority among people. Volga Svyatoslavovich managed to gather young men for the campaign, creating a powerful squad. One of the main characters has respect and knows how to properly organize such an important event as a hike. All these qualities of Volga Svyatoslavovich characterize him as an organized, strong, powerful person close to nature. He is a typical hero of folklore works.
The prince is dressed in Russian clothes, characteristic of people of his class. Unlike the description of Mikula Selyaninovich’s clothes, the narrator does not attach such importance to the characterization of Volga Svyatoslavovich, and especially to what the hero appears in. The storyteller especially highlights his main qualities, such as readiness for battle, the ability to assemble a powerful squad, to be part of nature, merging with it, making up one whole. He has natural wisdom, dedication and courage. But his image pales in comparison to the image of Mikula Selyaninovich, since the narrator pays less attention to the description of Volga Svyatoslavovich. He shows that a simple Russian peasant surpasses in his qualities even such a great man as Prince Volga Svyatoslavovich. Mikula stands out for her mighty strength, the beauty of her attire and respect among the people.
Conclusion
“Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich” is a great work of Russian folklore, telling about the meeting of Mikula Selyaninovich with Prince Volga Svyatoslavovich. Despite all the greatness of the prince, the plowman surpasses the description of Volga Svyatoslavovich in terms of characteristics due to his strength and beauty. The images of the characters are described very accurately and in detail using a variety of artistic and expressive means.
In ancient times, the Russian land was ruled by the princes of Kyiv. They collected tribute from the people: they took furs, canvas, fish, money, and honey. They sent their trusted servants around the villages for all this.
And one day young Volga Svyatoslavovich went for tribute on the prince’s order with his army. They drive through an open field. They see: a peasant is plowing the land - a good fellow, of immeasurable strength: wherever he goes with a plow, he knocks huge stones into a heap, turns stumps and roots out of the ground. Volga looks and admires. The plowman also looked at Volga:
-Where are you going, Prince Volga? Is it for tribute? So know this: the road ahead is turbulent, and you won’t meet any robbers along the way.
Volga was scared. He began to ask the heroic plowman:
- Come with me, good fellow! You will be my assistant, comrade! 
The plowman-hero agreed. He unharnessed his filly from the plow and sat astride. The filly galloped briskly, and the prince's horse could barely keep up with her.
They drove far from the arable land. And the plowman says to the prince:
- I threw my bipod on the field. But it may still be useful to people, our farmers. It would be necessary to pull it out of the ground and tidy it up under a bush.
Volga sent five of his warriors to pull the bipod out of the ground and hide the bush under the willow trees. The warriors pulled the plow, they pulled - they didn’t have enough strength, they couldn’t pull it out! Volga sent five more - and they failed. The plowman had a heavy bipod!
And Volga sent his entire squad at once - to pull the peasant plow out of the ground. But the entire prince's squad could not cope with the plow.
Then the plowman turned his filly and galloped on it to the plow. He drove up, got off the filly, grabbed the plow with one hand - and at once pulled it out of the furrow. Volga was amazed and asked:
- Who are you, good young man? What is your name, hero, by name, what is your patronymic?
And the plowman answered Volga:
- I am a simple peasant, prince. I plow the land. I feed Rus' with bread. And my name is Mikula Selyaninovich.