Working with sound schemes of the card. How to make a sound scheme of a word? Sound analysis of words
Compilation of sound schemes for words.
We can also call this type of work sound-letter parsing of a word or phonetic parsing .
Remember: sounds can be heard or spoken. A letter is a sign for sound. The letter can be written, read, seen.
Phonetics is a section of the science of language, in which the sounds of the language, stress, syllable are studied.
The sounds that a person utters, we call the sounds of speech. The sounds of speech are formed in the speech apparatus when air is exhaled.
The speech apparatus is the larynx with the vocal cords, the oral and nasal cavities, the tongue, lips, teeth, palate. When drawing up sound schemes for words, it is necessary to be able to divide sounds into vowels and consonants.
Vowel sounds consist only of voice, exhaled air passes through the mouth freely, without encountering an obstacle. Vowel sounds can be pulled for a long time, chanted.Vowel sounds we will denote in red -
In russian language vowel sounds six: [a], [o], [y], [e], [s], [u]. Vowel sounds are percussive and unstressed.
When we say consonants , the air meets an obstacle (lips, teeth, tongue). Some consonants consist only of noise - these are voiceless consonants. Others are made of voice and noise. These are voiced consonants.
There are also hard and soft consonants.
Hard consonants denoted in blue -
soft- green-
How to get started?
Start with simple words - monosyllabic or disyllabic.Think about how to get the child interested.
Can you teach Masha doll or your beloved bunny to form words?Or will you guess riddles and make a diagram of the answer word?
Or maybe the word (card or picture) is hidden and you will play the game "cold-hot"?
It is very good if you come up with something interesting and there is an incentive to work.
Algorithm of work when drawing up a sound scheme of a word
1. I pronounce the word.
2. I count the number of sounds, mark the sound windows.
3. I listen to the sound, analyze it: vowel or consonant; if the consonant is hard or soft.
4.Choose the desired color.
5. I count: how many sounds are there in a word, how many vowels, how many consonants - how many of them are hard consonants, how many are soft.
Fragment of the lesson.
Guess a riddle.
Sitting grandfather dressed in a hundred fur coats.
Who undresses him
He sheds tears.
Let's figure out the word onion.
1. Divide the word into syllables.
We say with clap hands - bow. This word has 1 syllable.
2. What sounds does a syllable consist of?
We pronounce l-u-k.
The first sound is [l]. This is a solid consonant sound. Select the required hard consonant card (blue). The second sound is [y]. This is a vowel sound. Select the desired vowel card (red).The third sound [k] is a hard consonant. Choosing a card for a hard consonant (blue).
3. Let's designate sounds with letters. The sound [l] is denoted by the letter “el”. The sound [y] is the letter “y”. Sound [k] - with the letter "ka".
We do not put stress in monosyllabic words.
TAPE OF LETTERS.
To compose sound schemes of words, the following blanks are required:
Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words. Sign the letters you already know over the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Perform audio analysis on words. Sign the letters that you already know under the diagrams.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Color in pictures, perform sound analysis of words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Full name ____________________________________________
Read the words, divide the words into syllables. Mark the vowels in red. Put emphasis. Perform audio analysis on words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Read the words, divide the words into syllables. Mark the vowels in red. Put emphasis. Perform audio analysis on words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Read the words, divide the words into syllables. Mark the vowels in red. Put emphasis. Perform audio analysis on words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Read the words, divide the words into syllables. Mark the vowels in red. Put emphasis. Perform audio analysis on words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Read the words, divide the words into syllables. Mark the vowels in red. Put emphasis. Perform audio analysis on words.
Full name ____________________________________________
Full name __________________________________________
Full name ____________________________________________
Full name __________________________________________
Full name ____________________________________________
Full name __________________________________________
Sound-letter analysis is needed in order to train the child to first read the words as they are written, and then ask him to read orthoepic, that is, as usual in oral speech. The sooner you start these activities with your child, the better your preschoolers will have reading and spelling skills.
To do positional analysis of words and to convey this learning and skill to preschoolers, you need to do sound analysis. Determine where the sound is heard - at the beginning of a word, at the end or in the middle. The beginning of a word is the first sound, the end - the last. The middle of a word is not the first or the very last sound.
So that children can understand what such an analysis of a word consists in, you need to pronounce the word, highlighting, albeit slightly exaggerated, the sound we need. To make learning for preschoolers more understandable, we will give examples. In the word stork, we need to understand where the desired sound "a" is.
Sound analysis of words
Start to pronounce the word a-a-a-stork and you will understand that the sound is at the beginning of the word. In the word sha-a-a-arik, "a" is in the middle of the word. Such a scheme will be simple and logical, and it can help to carry out positional analysis of words and consolidate this skill in preschoolers.
Pictures and diagrams
It is very convenient to carry out sound analysis and teaching it with the help of diagrams and pictures for them. Before you start performing sound analysis, you need to understand that sounds are vowels, hard consonants and soft consonants.
In order for each child in the group of other children studying Russian to properly learn all the subtleties of analysis, it will be necessary to use pictures and diagrams. Usually this is a picture, under which there are empty cells, in which you need to schematically enter the alphanumeric analysis of the word. Often the preparatory group of the kindergarten uses colored tokens in such tasks, which mean certain sounds.
It is also permissible to use the same colored tokens in the senior group. Chips can be made in the form of circles, squares or magnets, the correct use of which indicates that the child can parse words by sound analysis. This skill is extremely important when teaching a child to read and write. Thanks to this, babies develop speech, they learn and understand Russian better.
Using a picture with parsing schemes can be used as a game, because learning to read and write should not be boring. The game can be competitive, or it can be used so that children simply hone their speech and learn Russian better. Sound synthesis is also very important as it is the process of combining sounds into words. Sound synthesis is at the heart of the reading process.
The order of parsing a word by sound
To analyze words by sound criterion, you will need to use approximately the same scheme that all teachers use when teaching literacy. To parse a word correctly and successfully, you need:
- The word selected for sound analysis must be pronounced aloud and using the correct stress. Without understanding the sound of a word by ear, you will not be able to characterize its phonetic side. Such pronunciation should happen like a game, you do not need to pronounce each letter separately, so only your speech will be distorted. Typically, children perceive this exercise as playful learning. Children are taught the ability to carry out sound synthesis, with pronunciation the Russian language is better mastered and literacy is taught.
- You need to write down phonetic transcription. Making out the graphic sounds of words, you will need to take into account some features of the sound of sounds. For example, the letters I, Yu, E, E do not have a separate sound. They are designated by two sounds, but in weak positions the iotated sound disappears.
- Each of the words will need to be divided by the available number of syllables. Keep in mind that the number of syllables in a word will be equal to the number of vowels. Syllabic analysis must be done using phonetic transcription.
- After highlighting the syllables, you will need to put stress. So it will be possible to determine the main ones in a weak and strong position. If the main one is in a strong position, then it contributes to the fact that the sound will be clearer and the speech will be beautiful.
- All sounds will need to be characterized. A vowel can be stressed and unstressed, a consonant can be soft, voiced, hard or voiceless.
- You will need to indicate the number of sounds and the number of letters. Their number is often not the same. For example, b and b are not formed with sounds, and letters such as I, U, E, E are usually denoted by two sounds.
Phonetic parsing
Children should know that in order for speech to be beautiful, it is necessary not only to learn spelling and literacy, but also to try to make phonetic syllabic analysis and sound synthesis. The language is quite complex and children are best suited to parsing syllables, synthesis and all kinds of rules in literacy, if they are presented as an educational game.
Sounds A, O, U, Y, E indicate a solid consonant sound. The soft consonant sound is indicated by I, E, Yu, I, E. Studying language, speech and phonetic synthesis, children should understand that such a learning process is a kind of game, where the language is first decomposed into components and its synthesis takes place. Sounds L, M, N, R, Y - unpaired calls consonant sounds. Х, Ц, Ч, Щ are soft consonants. B, C, D, D, F, Z - paired voiced consonants, P, F, K, T, Sh, S - paired voiceless consonants, F, Sh, Ts - hard, and Ch, Sh, Y - soft.
How to make a sound scheme of a word?
Dear parents, at the stage of teaching literacy, children learn to draw up a sound scheme or, in other words, a word model. Help your child figure out how to make a sound model of a word.
I will give examples of sound schemes for the School of Russia program. There, the designations of different sounds differ in color.
There are six vowels in Russian - [a], [o], [y], [s], [e], [and]
The consonants form pairs for hardness-softness, for deafness-voicedness.
There are unpaired consonants.
The soft sign and the hard sign do not denote sounds.
The letters I, E, Yu, E denote two sounds, if they stand at the beginning of a word or after a vowel sound, they denote one sound if they stand after a consonant. 
In the table we see a letter and under it the sound or sounds that are designated by this letter.
For example, the letter B denotes two sounds [b], [b "]. The letter Ж denotes one sound [g].
Let's analyze the compilation of the sound model of the word LETTER.
Divide the word into syllables: P-SMO (find out how many syllables (parts) are in a word by vowel sounds.As many vowels in a word, as many syllables).
The first syllable is PI. This is a merger. The vowel sound [and] denotes the softness of a consonant. The first sound [п "] is a soft consonant, the second sound [and] is a vowel.
The second syllable is SMO. The first sound [s "] is a soft consonant. Next comes the fusion - MO. The vowel sound [o] denotes the hardness of the consonant. The sound [m] is a hard consonant. The sound [o] is a vowel. We put stress.
As a result, we get the following scheme:
Then we do the transcription (as we hear the word).
We write down the word: letter.
The vowel sounds that are in the top row of the tablet - a, o, y, s, e denote the hardness of the consonant sound.
The vowels i, e, e, yu stand after the soft consonant, the sound [and] also denotes the softness of the consonant.
But it must be remembered that there are consonants that are always solid. They are indicated in the table only in blue: [w], [w], [c]. There are consonants that are always soft, they are indicated only in green: [h "], [u"], [th "].
Be careful when parsing words with iotated vowels.
Here is an example of parsing the word APPLE.
At the beginning of a word, the iotated vowels denote two sounds.
I hope this article has helped you to understand a little about the composition of the sound scheme of a word.
Dear parents, be sure to help your child if he fails. Praise your child for the smallest successes, even if it does not work out, praise for the fact that he correctly repeated after you and completed the task.
Dear parents, for the children who are going to grade 1, classes on drawing up the sound scheme of a word will be very useful.
Let's try to figure out how to correctly compose a sound scheme of a word or a sound model of a word. We can also call this type of work sound-letter parsing of a word or phonetic parsing.
Phonetics is a section of the science of language, in which the sounds of the language, stress, syllable are studied.
The sounds that a person utters, we call the sounds of speech. The sounds of speech are formed in the speech apparatus when air is exhaled. The speech apparatus is the larynx with the vocal cords, the oral and nasal cavities, tongue, lips, teeth, palate.
There are six vowel sounds in Russian: [a], [o], [y], [e], [s], [and]. Vowel sounds are percussive and unstressed.
We will designate vowel sounds in red (I took the symbols for sounds from the “School of Russia” program).
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When we pronounce consonants, the air meets an obstacle (lips, teeth, tongue). Some consonants consist only of noise - these are voiceless consonants. Others are made of voice and noise. These are voiced consonants.
There are also hard and soft consonants.
Hard consonants are indicated in blue, soft consonants in green.
According to the School of Russia program, we denote the fusion of a vowel sound with a consonant by a rectangle, divided obliquely by a straight line, where we paint over a consonant from below and a vowel from above.
Use colored cardstock or paper to use cards to form words. You will also need cards with an accent mark and a dividing line.
You can draw diagrams in a notebook in a large box. It is even better to combine both types of work.
Start with simple words - monosyllabic or disyllabic.
So, you've made your flashcards and are ready to start.
Think about how to get the child interested.
Can you teach Masha doll or your beloved bunny to form words?
Or will you guess riddles and make a diagram of the answer word?
Or maybe the word (card or picture) is hidden and you will play the game "cold-hot"?
It is very good if you come up with something interesting and there is an incentive to work.
Fragment of the lesson.
Guess a riddle.
Sitting grandfather dressed in a hundred fur coats.
Who undresses him
He sheds tears.
Let's figure out the word onion.
1. Divide the word into syllables.
We say with clap hands - bow. This word has 1 syllable.
2. What sounds does a syllable consist of?
We pronounce l-u-k.
The first sound is [l]. This is a hard consonant sound. The second sound is [y]. This is a vowel sound. The sounds [l], [y] merge together, resulting in merging [lu]. We choose the desired card - merging a solid consonant with a vowel sound.
The third sound [k] is a hard consonant. Choosing a card for a hard consonant.
3. Let's designate sounds with letters. The sound [l] is denoted by the letter “el”. The sound [y] is the letter “y”. Sound [k] - with the letter "ka".
We do not put stress in monosyllabic words. The word has one vowel sound, which means it is stressed.
According to the School of Russia program, there are no voiced or voiceless consonants. Therefore, you can show imagination and come up with your own designations for a voiced and voiceless consonant. For example, in the game “Recognize the Sound” I chose a bell to indicate a voiced consonant, and a smiley in headphones for a voiceless consonant. Pictures can be printed and used in the diagram.
You can practice characterizing the sound in the game.
A game
A tape of letters will help you characterize the sound.
The tape shows very clearly what sounds the letters represent.
For example, the letter “en” denotes two sounds - hard [n] and soft [n "]. Therefore, a rectangle of two colors - blue and green. These sounds are voiced, therefore there is a bell on top.
All sounds in the upper row are voiced, and in the lower row are deaf.
The letter "zhe" denotes one sound - a solid sound [w]. Therefore, the rectangle is completely blue. It is a ringing sound.
Particular attention should be paid to iotated vowels.
The letters i, e, yu, e can mean two sounds or one.
If they appear at the beginning of a word or after a vowel, they represent two sounds:
i [y "a], yo [y" o], y [y "y], e [y" e]
After a consonant sound, they denote one sound: i [a], yo [o], yu [y], e [e].
Let's outline Jan's word.
1. Divide the word into syllables.
There are two syllables in this word.
2. The first syllable is me. This is a fusion of two sounds - [th "], [a]. The sound [th"] is a soft consonant, the sound [a] is a vowel. Choosing a card - a fusion of a soft consonant and a vowel sound.
3. We put a dividing line after the first syllable.
3. The second syllable is on. This is a fusion of two sounds - [n], [a]. The sound [n] is a hard consonant, the sound [a] is a vowel. We choose a card - a fusion of a solid consonant and a vowel sound.
4. We put stress. We find the stressed syllable. We say the whole word, highlighting the stressed syllable. The stressed syllable is the first. In order for the child to understand that the stress is correct, try to stress the second syllable.
5. Let's designate sounds with letters.
The sounds [y "a] are denoted by one letter - the letter i.
The sound [n] is denoted by the letter “en”.
The sound [a] is denoted by the letter a.
All symbols of sounds in the article are taken from the "School of Russia" program. But for us the most important thing is that the child learns to characterize the sound, be able to work with models. If the child has learned to characterize the sound, then it will not be difficult to replace the designation.