Physics
The Strizhenovs' eldest daughter celebrates a linen wedding with her family in Turkey. Principles of raising girls and traditions in the Strizhenov family

The Strizhenovs' eldest daughter celebrates a linen wedding with her family in Turkey. Principles of raising girls and traditions in the Strizhenov family

Oleg Strizhak You are already familiar with the task of this message We see it as providing details about the reasons and reasons for the official awarding of Heroes that did not take place, as well as details of the biographies of the persons mentioned in the book.

Perhaps one of the most acute and most dramatic episodes in the life of Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko, the crew of the submarine "L-3", as in the life of everyone, is betrayal...

"Secrets of the Baltic submarine.""The fleet command has a reliable, united, heroic crew. One of the best in the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 15 people are holders of the Order of Lenin. The commander of the boat is represented by the submarine brigade to the rank of Hero Soviet Union. The ship "L-3" and its crew were enlisted in the Fleet Guard by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy. Any smart command will take care of such a crew for future battles. Instead, literally in three or four days the command staff of the boat is “dispatched”, and the party organizer (unchanged for 8 years) and the acoustician are removed.
Only two young officers remained on the L-3 - an assistant miner and a military paramedic. A correspondent, a participant in the campaign, a “feather” of the KBF PU, is transferred to another fleet. And the boat commissar is completely written off from the fleet... A military man, having familiarized himself with such facts, will say: this happens if an unheard-of emergency took place on the ship.
And this emergency was much larger than that of Travkin on the Shch-303 in May 1943, when during a military campaign the traitor surfaced the boat and ran over to the enemy with everyone secret documents, which were available at the central post. Travkin was forgiven. Travkin was given a promotion. Travkin received a Hero.
Historian K. Golovanov, in his book about Rall, points out: the initiator of the large staff research game was the Chief of Staff of the Fleet, Vice Admiral Yuri Fedorovich Rall. And the opponent of the game was the commander of the fleet, Vice Admiral Tributs (and his two commissars, Smirnov and Verbitsky, agreed with Tributs). It was this trio that signed the destructive (and deceitful) combat description of Rall, which concluded that Vice Admiral Rall was not suitable for the position of chief of staff of the fleet. K. Golovanov writes: “...What happened in the highest echelon of the command of the Baltic Fleet if they did not disdain methods similar to those used by intriguers to resolve the conflict? Most likely, the point was that Yuri Fedorovich considered attempts to break through submarines disastrous and senseless to the Baltic in 1943 through the clogged Gulf of Finland."
Rall was removed from his post as chief of naval staff on February 15, 1943. On the same day, the commander of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarine brigade, Stetsenko, was removed from his post (I think that Rear Admiral Stetsenko shared the point of view of Vice Admiral Rall). The head of the operational department of the headquarters, Captain 1st Rank A. N. Petrov, assumed the position of Chief of the Fleet Staff. Petrov carried out the staff game planned by Rall.
And then (March 15 or 16) Tributs forever (until the end of the war!) removes Grishchenko from the submarine. And then they disperse the entire command staff of the guards submarine "L-3".
Apparently, Grishchenko’s two “guilts” are intertwined here:
1) the commissioner’s conspiracy and the commissar’s denunciations against Grishchenko.
2) honest, principled position of Grishchenko (the only boat commander in the fleet with an academic education) in analyzing the results of the headquarters game.
I see sophistication in the appointment: so that captain 2nd rank submariner Grishchenko would talk less about the German anti-submarine barrier, Tributs appointed him to command the non-existent anti-submarine forces of the Baltic Fleet."

Commissioner "Methodius"
Thanks to the meticulous research of Oleg Strizhak, the name of the traitor is now known, so Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko was wise and perspicacious when back in 1979, in the memoirs of the submariner “Salt of Service,” he indicated that Zonin, Kron and Azarov were photographed on the deck of “L-3” by his commissar , senior political instructor Mikhail Fedorovich Dolmatov, thereby “declassified the name of the commissioner - withdrawn, erased from the history of the Baltic Fleet. Why did Grishchenko do this? I think, to introduce the name of Dolmatov into historical circulation. If there is a name, then there is a subject of conversation.” The following is an example of how pseudo-heroes create “legends” about Heroes.

“Dolmatov came to the commander and expressed his opinion:
- This is a good thing. Not only torpedo operators, but also to us, commanders, need to think about it. Not a single torpedo for nothing. And sometimes we shoot two at the same target.
Having remained silent about the consumption of torpedoes, the L-3 commander pretended to agree with everything.
It took Pyotr Denisovich two days to colorfully show on the sheets the firing in one salvo - two or three torpedoes.
I pulled out from the safe the recordings of Professor Tomashevich's lectures on methods of firing torpedoes in a fan and with a time interval.
In order not to offend Dolmatov, he invited senior mate Konovalov along with him to the central post. He talked about torpedo firing, showing sheets with diagrams, showing notes and calculations in notebooks.
They both listened in silence. Dolmatov looked somewhat incredulously and from under his brows. He understood that the commander had started a “lecture” for him. But Konovalov wrote something down, then said loudly:
- Everything is correct. If we shoot at one torpedo the first, second, and third time, then we may miss all three times. But if there are two, then perhaps we’ll hit two times out of three, and three times will guarantee a one hundred percent hit.
Konovalov raised his face from his notebook and looked at Grishchenko. Dolmatov looked incredulously at Konovalov’s notes. After this impromptu lecture, he asked for diagrams and sat over them in his cabin for more than one hour.
“Whether he was convinced that Konovalov was right or not, I don’t know,” Pyotr Denisovich told me, “but the question of saving torpedoes was no longer raised.”
Such a school helped: a common opinion was developed, accepted correct solution, every communist worked more actively. Although sometimes complete agreement was not achieved.
After the war, archive workers showed Pyotr Denisovich a report dated 1942, which read: “Compiled by Dolmatov.” Grishchenko remembered the text of the report, and in fact the denunciation, down to the comma: “The commander behaved very carefully at sea, to say the least, cowardly. If he had fired not in salvos, but one torpedo at a time, we would have destroyed not five, but twelve enemy ships. And this became possible only thanks to the courage of the crew and well-organized party political work..."

Commissioner "Bakanov".
And here are the details of the image of another political worker. Bakanov Alexander Ivanovich - first commissioner of the L-3 boat. “Bakanov is Grishchenko’s true fighting friend,” writes O. Strizhak. Although Pyotr Denisovich himself reported on the cost of the mutual understanding reached in the end: “On August 9, 1942, the Frunzevets headed from Kronstadt to the western tip of the island of Bornholm. Ships going on missions were ordered to cross the river within 24 hours on the surface Gulf of Finland. However, taking into account the sad experience of the boats from the first echelon, I decided to go underwater. As soon as the command to dive sounded, Commissioner A. Bakanov grabbed me by the sleeve:
- What are you talking about, commander? Don’t you know the order!..
- I know everything. But I won’t risk it in vain, let’s go underwater,” I said and justified my decision.
Instead of a day, this transition took us five days. I understood that I had violated the order, but the submarine remained unharmed, having passed through the most difficult obstacles. Subsequently, this provision was canceled, but the command’s mistake was paid at a high price - several boats that followed us on the surface were lost" - "Combat tacks of the Frunzevets." Retired captain 1st rank P. Grishchenko, commander of the submarine L-3. - "Sea collection" No. 4, 1989

“Taking advantage of the silence and the fact that the L-3 was on a retreat course, Bakanov went through the compartments to talk to people. This is the duty of the political officer.” - P. Grishchenko. Our rudders have been tested by war... - From the Abyss of Waters: The Chronicle of the Russian Submarine Fleet in the Memoirs of Submariners. - M.: Sovremennik, 1990.

“Subsequently, I had to hear this ominous grinding more than once. Only on the campaign that I am writing about now, we crossed minefields nine times. But, to be honest, the first one left the deepest notch in my memory.
When the grinding stopped and the minefield was left behind, our commissar Alexander Ivanovich Bakanov turned to the commander:
- Perhaps I should go through the compartments?
“Yes, of course,” Yaroshevich supported him. - Talk to people.
The commander and the commissar understood each other perfectly: it was necessary to remove nervous tension, which undoubtedly still owned people.
And Bakanov could joke apt word, advice to distract a person from gloomy thoughts, to cheer him up. In my opinion, he fully possessed the qualities inherent in a real Commissioner, a Commissioner with a capital “C”.
To be first, to be in the thick of things, among people, is the motto of a political worker. It is impossible to imagine him as a recluse, cut off from people, from living affairs. After all, the essence and purpose of political work is to instill in people communist conviction, class consciousness, and communist morality. I want to emphasize that working with people is the most difficult thing you can imagine. In different life situations, a political worker has to be a teacher, a psychologist, and politician, and a philosopher. And besides, you must have excellent command of words.
All these wonderful qualities were inherent in our commissioner. I have already said that he went through a lot of life school. He began his service as an ordinary sailor. He was trained in the battles of the Civil War and enjoyed enormous authority. And most importantly, Alexander Ivanovich had a rare gift of finding emotional contact with people. And although the boat was divided into compartments and we were separated from each other by waterproof steel bulkheads, thanks to Bakanov, our crew was a single, cohesive team..."

Addition. Provided by Vyacheslav Grishchenko on March 30, 2009, for which the blog authors express their gratitude to him.

“Alexander Ivanovich Bakanov was not a friend of P.D. Grishchenko.
From the “Report to the GPU of the Navy and the CP of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on the BPL of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet” dated June 2, 1942:
“We consider it necessary for drunkenness, weakening of party-political work with personnel, unwillingness to establish normal relations with the commander of the submarine, battalion commissar Comrade Bakanov, to be brought to party responsibility and warned that if he short term does not correct his major mistakes, the question of his removal from the post of military commissar of PL L-3 will be raised.
VC BPL KBF regimental commissar Ryvchin
NPO BPL KBF battalion commissar Medveditsky."

Officers of the Baltic Fleet. Rall Yu.F., Tomashevich A.V., Stetsenko A.M., Verkhovsky S.B.
Now about those who, at the risk of death from “their own,” managed to prevent the final defeat of the submarine forces of the Baltic Fleet, the authors and “co-authors” of the letter, thanks to which Stalin forbade naval commander Tributs to “destroy our boats on the German barrier.”

Specialist in the field of submarine tactics, teacher, Doctor of Naval Sciences (1944), professor (1944), rear admiral (1944), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1952). In 1917 he graduated from Separate Midshipman classes, in 1918 - Mine Officer Class, in 1922 - Naval Academy. Member of the First World War and Civil War. In 1918 he took part in the Ice Campaign of the Baltic Fleet. In 1918-1920 - flagship miner of the division destroyers Baltic Fleet. Since 1922 - teacher and then head of training at the School of Underwater Diving, flagship miner of the Baltic Fleet submarine brigade. In 1926-1933 was in reserve, repressed. In 1933 he was reinstated in the Navy, and in 1935 he was rehabilitated. Since 1933 - teacher of the Submarine Training Unit, since 1934 - teacher of the newly formed department of submarine tactics and anti-submarine defense at the Naval Academy. Since 1937 - senior lecturer of the department. In 1939 he was awarded the academic title of associate professor of the department. In 1940-1956. - Head of the Department of Submarine Tactics at the Naval Academy. In 1941, for the first time at the department, he defended a dissertation for the academic degree of Candidate of Naval Sciences, and in 1944, a dissertation for the academic degree of Doctor of Naval Sciences. In the same year he was awarded military rank rear admiral and the academic title of professor of the department. He developed and put into practice a new method of torpedo firing, and summarized the combat experience of 21 months of war. In 1952, he was awarded the Stalin Prize for his works “The Use of High-Speed Submarines” and “The Fight against High-Speed Submarines.” Retired since 1956. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Orders of the Red Banner, Red Banner of Labor, Red Star, medals, personalized weapons. He died in Leningrad and was buried at the Serafimovskoye cemetery.

Stetsenko Andrey Mitrofanovich, commander of the BPL (4.3.1942 - 15.2.1943).. (Vyacheslav Grishchenko corrected the name and patronymic of Stetsenko, for which many thanks to him. - Ed.).

True, there is a point of view according to which Stetsenko played a negative role in the fate of both Marinesko, who, like Grishchenko, was accused of “indecision,” and Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko. - Reflections after the film: Vasilenko | Marine documentary video studio. The veteran cites two “nuances” from the lives of the Heroes, of which each “had more than enough, when the fate of the heroes was decided by scoundrels.” If without emotions, then “careerists”. We would like orders, what about the Motherland..."

On July 6, 1909, Sergei Borisovich Verkhovsky, rear admiral (1944), was born. A native of the Vitebsk region. Since 1943, he was the commander of a submarine brigade of the Baltic Fleet, which during three months of 1944 made 22 combat cruises and sank 33 enemy ships. Died in 1963.

Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Ivan Stepanovich Isakov.
Finally, the one who could call Stalin did. Here is a fragment of the article “Son of the Navy” by V. Arsenyev, published in “Maritime Collection” No. 10, 1989 (Upon request and the specified email address, those interested can receive its full text.)

Address to graduates of Nakhimov schools.

Veryuzhsky Nikolay Aleksandrovich (VNA), Gorlov Oleg Aleksandrovich (OAS), Maksimov Valentin Vladimirovich (MVV), KSV.

198188. St. Petersburg, st. Marshala Govorova, building 11/3, apt. 70. Karasev Sergey Vladimirovich, archivist. [email protected]

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pDYO YЪ BDNYTBMPCH-RPCHPDOYLPCH RPUME CHEMYLPK pFEYUEFCHOOOPK CHPKOSH ЪBOYNBMUS CHPRTPUBNY PUOBEEOOYS RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL LTHROPLBMYVETOPK BTFYMMETYEK. OBRYUBM OBH FENKH DYUUETFBGYA Y RTYUMBM EE ABOUT PFЪSCCH L zTYEEOLP. l FPNH CHTENEY REFT DEOOUPCHYU HTSE YNEM HYUEOKHA UFEREOSH LBOYDBFB CHPEOOP-NPTULYI OBHL. h DYUUETFBGYY RTPCHPDYMBUSH YDES YYTPLLPZP YURPMSHЪPCHBOYS BTFYMMETYY RPDCHPDOSCHNY MPDLBNY.

OE OBBM S, CHURPNIOBEF REFT DEOUPCHYU, YuFP LFH, U RPЪCHPMEOYS ULBUBFSH, "OPCHYOLKH" RPDDETSYCHBMY OELPFPTSHCHE NPTULYE OBYUBMSHOYL. OP DBCE EUMY VSC COMB... UBN WITH UYFBM LFP OEMERPUFSH. OH, Y "TBBDTBLPOM" UPYULBFEMS CH RHI Y RTBI. UFPYMP NOE LFP CHRPUMEDUFCHYY OBKHYUOPK LBTSHETSH. th ChPF RPYENH,

URKHUFS OELPFPTPPE CHTENS OBDP CE FBLLPNH VSHMP UMHYUIFSHUS OBYUBMSHOILPN HYUMYEB, ZHE S CHPZMBCHMSM LBZHEDTKH, OBYUMY YNEOOP LFPZP LPOFT-BDNYTBMB UPYUL BFEMS. BY DPMTSEO VSHM ЪBNEOIFSH KHIPDSEEZP OBUMSHOILB. fPF-FP NOE Y TBUULBBM P RETEDBYUE DEM. CHOPCHSH RTYVSHCHYIK, KHOOBCH, YuFP PDOKH YЪ LBZHEDT CHPZMBCHMSEF zTYEEOLP, OENEDMEOOOP ЪBSCHYM: “fPZP S VSHCHUFTP CHSHCHRTKH PFUADB!”

DKHNBA, YuFP LFP OE HDBUFUS, RBTYTPCHBM VSHCHYYK OBUMSHOIL HYUMYEB.

rPYENH? KHYCHYMUS LPOFT-BDNYTBM.

rPFPNH YuFP LBZHEDTTB zTYEEOLP PDOB YUBNSCHI MKHYYI CH HYUMYEE.

oh, bfp oe DPCHPD! rHUFSLY! uDEMBFSH VHDEF PUEOSH RTPUFP! hShchMEFYF zTYEEOLP, LBL RTPVLB YЪ VHFSHCHMLY YBNRBOULPZP.

y CHULPTE REFT DEOOUPCHYU VSHM CHSHCHDCHYOKHF ABOUT DPMTSOPUFSH ЪBNEUFFEMS OBYUBMSHOILB HYUMYEB. oP... Ch DTHZPK ZPTPD. ChPF HC RPYUFYOE: OE NSCHFSHEN, FBL LBFBOSHEN... rTYYMPUSH TBUUFBFSHUS U OBKHYUOPK TBVPFPK Y RETEKFY L BDNYOUFTBFYCHOPK, L LPFPTPK X zTYEEOLP OYLPZDB OE METSBMB DKHYB.

pDOBLP CHULPTE HYUMYEE, ZDE RTPIPDIYM UMHTSVH REFT DEOUPCHYU, RPRBMP RPD UPLTBEEOYE. prsfsh OPChPE OBYUEOYE chchuuyeee CHPEOOP-NPTULPE HYUMMYEE TBDYPMELFTPOYY YNEOY m.u. rPRRPCHB, OBYUBMSHOILPN PDOPZP YЪ ZHBLKHMSHFEFPCH.

rTPDPMTSBAFUS RPYULY NBFETYBMPCH CH BTIYCHBI, NSHUMY RPUFPSOOP ЪBOSFSH RTPVMENBNY YURPMSHЪPCHBOYS RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL. x zTYEEOLP PRHVMYLPCHBOSHCH HCE DEUSFLY UFBFEK, LOYZ. according to PDYO YBCHFPTPCH LBRYFBMSHOPZP FTEIFPNOPZP FTHDB “vPTSHVB ЪB UPCHEFULHA rTYVBMFYLH”. yuBUFP CHSHCHUFKHRBEF REFT DEOUPCHYU RETED NPMPDETSHA, ABOUT ZHMPFBI, DEMYFUS U OINY PECHSHCHN, UMKHTSEVOSCHN Y TSYFEKULIN PRSHFPN. OP CHUE YUBEE Y YUBEE ON CHURPNYOBEF UMChB ZhBDEECHB, OE TB RPCHPTSCHYEZP, YuFP GEOOPUFSH PRSHCHFB FPMSHLP CH OBREYUBFBOOPN: “nPTsOP CHSHCHUFKHRBFSH Y VPMFBFSH, ULPMSHLP KHZPDOP, NPTsOP DBCE LHCHSTLBFSHUS ABOUT PTBFPTULPK FTYVHOE, OP ZMBCHOPE CH MYFETBFHTE FP, YuFP OBRYUBOP RETPN Y OBREYUBFBOP. ..”

h FFP CHTENS ZPFPCHYFUS TPNBO "dPN Y LPTBVMSH" RETCHPE LTHROPE IHDPCEUFCHEOOPE RTPY'CHEDEOYE P RPDCHPDOILBI. bChFPT TPNBOB bMELUBODT lTPO, IPTPYP OBCHYYK zTYEEOLP, PFDBEF ENKH LBL UREGYBMYUFH-RPDCHPDOILH THLPRYUSH ABOUT TEGEOYA. ULPMSHLP OBLPNSHI MYG NOPZYI ZETPECH TPNBOB OE PFMYYUYYSH PF MADEK U "m-3". u TBOOEZP KhFTB DP ZMKHVPLPK OPYUY TBVPFBEF REFT DEOUPCHYU OBD THLPRYUSHA. chURPNYOBS PV LFPN, PO TBUULBSHCHBEF, YuFP VKhDFP VSCH UOPChB RPVShchBM ABOUT TPDOPC “m-3”. b. lTPO U VMBZPDBTOPUFSHA PFOEUUS LP CHUEN OBNEYUBOYSN Y RPTsEMBOYSN zTYEEOLP.

h 1965 ZPDH ABOUT YUFBFEMSHULPK LPOZHETEOGYY CH CHCHUYEN CHPEOOP-NPTULPN HYUMYEE TBDIPMELFTPOYY YNEOY b. u. rPRCHB b. b. lTPO RTYOBMUS: "h TPNBOE "dPN Y LPTBVMSH" TBUULBYSCHCHBEFUS P TsYOY Y VPECHSHCHI DEMBY VBMFYKULYI RPDCHPDOYLPCH H ZPDSH CHPKOSHCH. PUOPCHOSCHE UPVSHCHFYS RTPYUIPDSF CH RETYPD VMPLBDSCH MEOYOZTBDB. h GEOFTE RPCHEUFCHPCHBOYS LPNBODYT RPDCHPDOPK MPDLY LBRYFBO-MEKFEOBOF zPTVHOPCH, UNEMSHK, CHPMECHPK PZHYGET. rTPFPFYRBNY ZETPECH TPNBOB SCHMSAFUS MADI U RPTPUMBCHMEOOOPK RPDCHPDOPK MPDL "m-3" Y ITS LPNBODYT r. d. zTYEEOLP.”

lPOYUOP, MYFETBFKHTOSHK ZETPK OE LPOLTEFOBS MYUOPUFSH, OP SDTPN EZP CHUEZDB SCHMSEFUS FPF YMY YOPK TEBMSHOSCHK YUEMPCHEL. hCE RPFPN ON LBL MYFETBFHTOSHK RETUPOBC "PVTBUFBEF" TBOSCHNYYUETFBNY, IBTBLFETPN, CHOEYOPUFSH. MYFETBFKHTOSHK ZETPK CHUEZDB PVPVEEOYE OBYVPMEE FYRYUOPZP CH UPCHTENOOYLE. lFP, LBL ZPCHPTYFUS, “OBLPNSCHK OEOBLPNEG.”

eUFSH EEE IHDPCEUFCHOOPE RTPY'CHEDEOYE, CH LPFPTPN PVTB PDOPZP YI ZMBCHOSCHI ZETPECH "MERYMUS" U zTYEEOLP. fFP "pLEBO" yFEKOB. bChFPT TBUULBBSCHBM: “... fBLYE rMBFPOPCHSH EUFSH, OP OE FBL KhTs YI NOPZP, OE VKhDEN RTEKHCHEMYUYCHBFSH.

with DPMZP YULBM LFPZP YuEMPCHELB... OEF, rMBFPOPCH VShchM Y OENOPTSLP zTYEEOLP, OENOPTSLP zPMPCHLP... Y OENOPTSLP OBTPDOSCHK BTFYUF uuut lYTYMM mbChTPCH VSCHCHYYK NBFTPU fYIPP LEBOULZP ZHMPFB.”

YuEN CE RTYFSZBFEMEO zTYEEOLP DMS RYUBFEMEC? rTETSDE CHUEZP CHTPTSDEOOOSCHN, PTZBOYUEULYN OERTYSFYEN RTYURPUPVMEOYUEUFCHB. according to PFCHETZBM CHUEZDB Y PFCHETZBEF OSHOE RTYOGYR TSYOY: “RPUSCHFOEE EUFSH Y RPNSZYUE URBFSH.” YuFP DKHNBM, FP Y ZPCHPTYM. Refinery VShchFSH TEILINE, RTSNPMYOEKOSCHN. b PFUADB Y FENRETBNEOFOSCH "OEF", Y URPLKOPE, OP FCHETDPE "DB". rTEDUFBCHMSMPUSH, YuFP X OEZP OEF RPMKHFPOPCH. th CHUE TSE LFP OE UPCHUEN FBL. rTBCHDH, RTSNPFKH CH UKhTsDEOOY zTYEEOLP UFBCHYM ABOUT RETCHPE NEUFP, OP PO KHNEM FBLCE RPTBUUKHTSDBFSH, RPZHYMPUPZHUFCHBFSH, YUFPVSH DPVTBFSHUS DP YUFYOSCH.

pDOBTDSCH CH TBZPCHPTE P IBTBLFETE YUEMPCHELB S TBUULBBM REFTH DEOUPCHYUKH, YUFP SWORD fPMUFPK BYUBM P FPN, LBL LBTSDPE KhFTP OBUYOBM VPTSHVH UP UCHPYNY OEDPUFBFLBNY. yI VSHMP FTY: MEOSH, TBDTTBTSYFEMSHOPUFSH YUEUFPMAVYE. rTPDPMTSBS BFKH FENKH, S URTPUYM, LBLPCHP PFOPYEOYE REFTB DEOOUPCHYUB L FYN RPTPLBN.

s, LPOYUOP, OE SWORD fPMUFPK, OP U MEOSHA FPCE VPTAUSH, U KHMSHVLPK PFCHEFYM zTYEEOLP. rPUETSHEECH, RTDPDPMTSBM: oBUYUEF TBBDTBTSYFEMSHOPUFY NPTsOP RPURPTYFSH: MEOSH, TH UCHPS, TH YUKHTSBS, OBRTYNET, NEOS CHUEZDB TBBDTBTSBMB. dMS VPTSHVSH U OEA "MELBTUFChP" RTPUFPE: LBTSDSCHK DEOSH UFBTBAUSH RYUBFSH IPFS VSC YUEFCHETFKHYLKH, CHPUSHNKHYLKH VKHNBZY. p RTPYEDYEN DOE, LBLPN-FP CHBTsOPN UPVSHCHFYY. b LFP OERTPUFP, RTYIPDIFUS YYCHYMYOSCH OBRTSZBFSH. rPFPNH MEOSH UBNB UPVPK YUYUE'BEF, BUNESMUS REFT DEOYUPCHYU. Y DPVBCHIM: RETHPF URPUPV PF PF UBNEUBFEMSHOPZP UPCHEFULPZP Ryubfems-nbtyufb Mepopmodb UPVPMECHB, LPZDB according to the UFBCITPCHBMUS about "D-5", the site with the LDMM LPNBODITPN.

REFT DEOOUPCHYU! oh, YuFP MEOSH OEDPUFBFPL IBTBLFETB, LFP, OCHETOPE, CHUE RPOINBAF, B CHPF YuFP ChSCH P YUEUFPMAVIY ULBTSEFE?

zTYEEOLP OEOBDPMZP ЪBDХНБМУС:

TB SWORD fPMUFPK UYUYFBM YUEUFPMAVYE OEDPUFBFLPN, OE UFBOKH URPTYFSH U ZEOYEN, RPRShchFBMUS PFYKhFYFSHUS PO.

b CHUE-FBLY? RTDDPMTsBM WITH OBUFBYCHBFSH.

zTYEEOLP CHOINBFEMSHOP RPUNPFTEM ABOUT NEOS Y KHCE CHRPMOE UETSHOP ULBUBM, YUFP OE UYYFBEF YUEUFPMAVYE VPMSHYYN ZTEIPN. with VSHM OUEULPMSHLP KhDYCHMEO. according to LFP RPYUKHCHUFCHPCHBM Y OBYUBM TBUUHTSDBFSH P YUEUFY NPTULPZP PZHYGETB, P EZP DPMZE RETED TPDYOPK. pDOYN UMPCHPN, LBBBMPUSH, KHYEM PF LPOLTEFOPK FENSH OBEZP TBZPCHPTB. oP LFP VSHMP OE FBL.

dHNBA, YuFP FEEUMBCHYE ZPTBJDP VPMSHYYK ZTEI, YUEN YUEUFPMAVYE. iPFS OELPFPTSHN LBCEFUS, YuFP POY UFPSF ZDE-FP TSDPN. chDKHNBKFEUSH CH YЪOBYUBMSHOSHCHK UNSHUM LFYI UMCH: "FEEFOBS UMBCHB" Y "MAVPCHSH YUEUFY". fEEUMBCHOSCHK YUEMPCHEL LFP YUEMPCHEL, TsBDOP YEHAKE UMBCHSHCH, UFTENSEIKUS L RPICHBME. h LFPC UCHSY Y YUEUFPMAVEG LBL YULBFEMSH MYYSH RPYUEFB RTYFPN YULMAYUYFEMSHOP UCHPENKH “S” ЪBUMHTSYCHBEF PUKHTSDEOYS. OP EUMY CH IBTBLFETE YUEMPCHELB OEF UFTENMEOYS VPPTPFSHUS ЪB UCHPE NOEOYE, ЪB UCHPA YUEUFSH, B BFP, VEKHUMPCHOP, CH LBLPK-FP NETE YuEUFPMAVICHBS YETFPYULB MYUOPUFY, FP NOPZP ZP CH TSYOY OE UDEMBEYSH.

b CHPPVEE-FP, DKHNBEFUS, EUMY EUFSH CH IBTBLFETE YuEMPCHELB YuEUFPMAVICHBS YuETFB CH IPTPYEN UNSHUME UMPOB, BOE CH LZPYUFYUEULPN, LFP UPCHUEN OERMPIP. nPTsOP OBCHBFSH FBLPE YUEUFPMAVYE Y RP-DTHZPNH FSZPK L UBNPKHFCHETTSDEOYA, YMY, YuFP RPYUFY PDOP Y FP TSE, RTPSCHMEOYEN MYUOPUFY. TBCHE LFP RMPIP? hPF FBL! ЪБХМШЧВБМУС Reft DeОУПЧУ. th RTDDPMCYM:

oh, B YUFP LBUBEFUS UTBCHOYFEMSHOSHCHI PGEOPL UEVS Y DTHZYI, FP PF LFPZP OE HKFY. CHUE UTBCHOYCHBAF. fPMSHLP ChPRTPU: VHI SUEZP? noe, OBRTYNET, LPZDB RPSCHMSMYUSH OPCHSH DBOOSH P ZYVEMY CHTBTSEULYI UHDPC ABOUT NYOBI "m-3", VSHMP PUEOSH RTYSFOP UTBCHOYCHBFSH KHUREY "ZhTHOYECHGB" U DTHZYNY LPTBVMSNY. ъOBYUIF, OE IHTSE DTHZYI CHPECHBM. NOPZP HCE RTPTSYFP, RPFPNH CHPMEK-OECHPMEK DKHNBEYSH, UTBCHOYCHBEYSH UEWS U PLTHTSBAEYNY, U VSHCHYYNY PDOPLBIOILBNY, UP UCHPYNY HYUEOILBNY. noe LBCEPHUS LFP LBCDSCHK DEMBEF. UP NOPK KHYYMYUSH NOPZYE FPCHBTYEY, LPFPTSCHE VMBZPDBTS UCHPENKH FTKHDPMAVYA, URPUPVOPUFSN CHCHDCHYOHMYUSH Y ЪBOSMY VPMSHYE RPUFSHCH CH PEOOP-nPTULPN ZHMPFE. YULTEOOE ULBTSKH, S PFOPIKHUSH LOYN U VPMSHYYN KHCHBTSEOYEN. YURSHCHFSHCHBM ЪB YI KHUREY LBLPE-FP CHOKHFTEOOEE KHDPCHMEFCHPTEOYE, DBTSE TBDPUFSH. CHADSH LFP MADY NPEZP RPLPMEOYS!

zPTTSKHUSH S Y UCHPYNY HYUEOILBNY YMY, EUMY IPFYFE, VSHCHYYYYYY RPDYYOOOSCHNYY. nOPZP UTEDY OYI YNEO Y'CHEUFOSHI, YuFP, LPOYUOP, RTYSFOP. zETPY UPCHEFULPZP UPAЪB, BDNYTBMSCH... oEPTSYDBOOP REFT DEOOUPCHYU, LBL VKhDFP URPICHBFYCHYYUSH, YuFP OE FP ULBUBM, PVPTChBM ZhTBKH. dBCE RPLTBOOEM Y BNEFYM YYCHYOYFEMSHOSCHN FPOPN:

oEIPTPYP, OEUULTPNOSHCHK TBUULB RPMKHYUMUS. CHUE S, DB S: “with ZPTTSKHUSH”, “NOE RTYSFOP”...

bFB VUEEDB U zTYEEOLP, EZP NOOOYE P UTTBHOYFEMSHOSCHI PGEOLBI DEKUFCHYK RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL, YI LPNBODITPCH OBRPNOYMBUSHNOE EEE Y RPFPNKH, SFP UBNB FENB YNEMB RTDDPMTSEOYE.

lBL-FP CH PDOPN YOBKHYUOP-YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULYYOUFYFHFPCH NOE RPYUBUFMYCHYMPUSH CHUFTEFYFSHUS Y RPZPCHPTYFSH U VSHCHYYN LPNBODHAEIN lTBUOPOBNEOOOSCHN vBMFYKULYN ZhMP FPN DPLFPTPPN YUFPTYYUEULYI OBHL chMBDYNYTPN zHYMYRRRPCHYUEN fTYVHGEN.

vUEEDB RPMHYUMBUSH YOFETEUOPK. zPChPTS P NOPZYI RTPVMENBI CHPEOOP-NPTULLPZP YULHUUFCHB, fTYVHG PUPVP CHSHCHDEMYM VPECHSHDE DEKUFCHYS RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL ABOUT vBMFILE CH CHEMILHA pFEYUEFCHEOKHA CHPKOKH. x NEOS VSHMP OENBMP CHPRTPUPCH L BDNYTBMH. y UTEDY OYI FBLYE, LPFPTSCHE OERPUTEDUFCHOOOP PFOPUYMYUSH L zTYEEOLP.

RETCHSHCHK: RPYUENKH DCHB UBNSCHI TEKHMSHFBFYCHOSHI LPNBODITB RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL b. y. nBTYOEULP Y r. d.

chFPTK: RPYUENH CH LOYSE "rPDCHPDOILY vBMFYLY BFBLHAF" OYUEZP OE OBRYUBOP P OELPFPTSCHI ZETPSI UPCHEFULPZP UPAUB? OBRTYNET, P RPNPEOILE zTYEEOLP. uENSH NEUSGECH RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN chMBDYNYTB lPOUFBOFYOPCHYUB lPOPCHBMPCHB CHEMB VPECHSHCHE DEKUFCHYS “m-3”, DPCHEDS UUEF RPVED DP DCHBDGBFY CHPUSHNY! yЪ OYI DEUSFSH RTYIPDIFUS ABOUT RETYPD LPNBODPCHBOYS lPOPCHBMPCHB. EH ZTYEEOLP RPNPZ UFBFSH OBUFPSAIN RPDCHPDOILPN. хЛБЪПН rТеЪЪДИХНБ chЭППЧОПЗП УПЧЭФБ уууту PF 8 YAMS 1945 ZPDB tsp. lPOPCHBMPCHH RTYUCHPEOP ЪChBOYE zETPS UPCHEFULLPZP UPAЪB.

CHCHUMKHYBCH NEOS, BDNYTBM ЪBNEFYM:

ChSH OE PTYZIOBMSHOSCH, LFP "DETSKHTOSHCH" CHPRPTUSCH, LPFPTSCHE ЪBDBEF NOE RTY RETCHPK CHUFTEYUE LBTSDSCHK, OBAYK P VPECHSHI DEKUFCHYSI ABOUT VBMFILE. PFCHEYUKH ABOUT CHBY CHPRPTUSCH LBL YUFPTYL, RTDDPMTsBM fTYVHG. h IPDE VPECHSHI DEKUFCHYK Y UTBH RP PPLPOYUBOY CHEMYLPK pFEYUEUFCHEOOPK CHPKOSCH OE CHUE RPVEDSCH RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL VSHMY DPUFPCHETOP YYCHEUFOSCH. bFP RPFPN HCE OBYMYUSH YUFPYUOILY, LPFPTSCHE RPDFCHETDYMYY VPECHSHE DEMB nBTYOEULP Y zTYEEOLP. with HCE RYUBM, YuFP FPMSHLP YuETE DCHBDGBFSH MEF CHSHCHSUOYMPUSH: “m-3” RP PVYAENH RPFPRMEOOOPZP ЪB CHTENS CHPKOSH FPOOBTSB PRETEDYMB ABOUT ZHMPFE CHUEI, LTPNE MPDPL, LPFPTSHNY LPNBODPCHBM b. y. nBTYOEULP YNEAFUS CH CHYDH "n-96" Y "u-13". iPFS OBDP ЪBNEFYFSH: RP FPOOBTSKH, OP OE RP LPMYUEUFCHH LPTBVMEK FHF RBMSHNB RETCHOUFCHB RTYOBDMETSYF “m-3”.

noe UFBMP SUOP, PFLKHDB RPSCHYMBUSH LFB "ZTBDBGYS": RPDCHPDOYLY No. 1 Y 2. with OEFETREMYCHP RPMAVPRSHFUFCHPCHBM:

oh, B UP ЪChBOYEN zETPS uPCHEFULPZP uPAЪB? bDNYTBM fTYVHG RPNEDMYM. YuKHCHUFChPCHBMPUSH, ENKH OE IPUEFUS PV LFPN ZPCHPTYFSH. OP CHUE CE PFCHEFIM:

h UMKHYUBE U nBTYOEULP PFTYGBFEMSHOPE CHMYSOYE PLBBBMP EZP OEVMBZPCHYDOPE RPCHEDEOYE ABOUT VETEZKH, B ZTYEEOLP, LBL OH UFTBOOP, OILFP YJ EZP RTSSNSHHI OBUMSHOYLPCH Y OE RTE DUFBCHMSM L LFPNH ЪChBOYA. YuFP LBUBEFUS KHRPNYOBOIK CH NPEK LOYZE ZHBNYMYK RPDCHPDOYLPCH, FP SING CHUE, VEUURPTOP, ЪBUMHTSYCHBAF LFZP. b CHPF TBULTSHCHFSH LPNBODITULYE LBUEUFCHB S UYUYFBM OEPVIPDYNSCHN FPMSHLP KH FAIRIES, LFP VSHM OBYVPMEE STLYN RTEDUFBCHYFEMEN “YLPMSCH VBMFYKGECH”. fairies, X LPZP HYUMMYUSH DTHZYE LPNBODYTSCH RETED RPIPDPN, LFP PFMYUBMUS UCHPYN “RPYUETLPN”. rPIPDSH LFYI LPNBODYTPCH ЪBUMHTSYCHBAF OE FPMSHLP BOBMYBB...

h FBLYI RPIPDBI LBTSDSCHE UHFLY PUPVSHCHK HTPL. chPF PV LFPN S Y RYUBM CH UCHPYI LOIZBI, LPZDB CHSHCHDEMSM FPF YMY YOPK RPIPD, FH YMY YOHA ZHBNYMYA. rПФПНХ Х NPEC LOYSE "rPDCHPDOILY vBMFYLY BFBLHAF" LPNBODITH "m-3" REFTKH DEOOUPCHYUKH zTYEEOLP S KHDEMYM VPMSHYE CHAINBOYS, YUEN DTHZYN LPNBODITBN. x OEZP VSHMP Y EUFSH YUENH RPHYUIFSHUS MAVPNH RPDCHPDOILH, CH FPN YUYUME Y lPOPCHBMPCHH.

rPTsBMHK, CHSHUPPLBS PGEOLB reftb deoyupchyuub ztyeeolp Vshchchyyn LPNBODHAYN ZHMPFPN ch. fTYVHGEN PE NOPZPN PVYASUOSEF, RPYUENH URKHUFS 45 MEF Y VPMEE RPUME CHPKOSH RP-RTETSOENH ABOUT ZHMPFBI, CH MYFETBFHTE BOBMYYTHAF “RPYUTL” zTYEEOLP.

3 PLFSVTS 1972 ZPDB ZBJEFB “uFTBC vBMFYLY” RYUBMB: “ch. lPOPCHBMPCH OBUFPKYUYCHP HYUMUS YULHUUFCHH VSHUFTPZP Y FPYuOPZP NBOECHTTB, NBUFETUFCHH NEFLPZP FPTREDOPZP ЪBMRB KH LPNBODITB MPDLY r. zTHYEEOLP.”

h 1975 ZPDH RYUBFEMSH-NBTYOYUF boBFPMYK EMLYO PFNEFIM CH PUETLE (TSKHTOBM “nPULCHB”): “...VYPZTBZHYS EZP, r. d. zTYEEOLP, UFBMB UFPMSHLP TSE YUFPTYEK ZHMPFB, ULPMSHLP Y YUFPTYEK UPCHEFULPK MYFETBFHTSCH.”

th DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, UMHTSVB ABOUT “rBOFET”, ABOUT RETCHEOGBI UPCHEFULPZP RPDCHPDOPZP LPTBVMEUFTPEOYS “DELBVTYUFBI”, ZETPYUEULYE RPIPDSCH CH ZPDSH CHPKOSHCH, RPMHYYCHYYE CHCHUPLHA PGEOLH L PNBODPCHBOYS Y YYTPL PUCHEEEBCHYYEUS UPCHEFULYNY RYUBFEMSNY, UPVUFCHEOOSCH OBKHYUSCH FTHDSCH zTYEEOLP, EZP LOYZY P DTHЪSHSI-RPDCHPDOILBI CHUE LFP CHYMP CH YUFPTYA ZHMPFB Y OBUKH MYFETBFHTH.

ch 80-I ZPDBI RYUBFEMY b. lTPO, n. lPTUKHOULYK CHOPCHSH PVTBEBAFUS L NBUFETUFCHH LPNBODITB “m-3” zTYEEOLP.

rPUME FPZP, PDYO YUBNSHI KHCHBTSBENSHHI LPMMELFYCHPCH UPCHEF CHEFETBOPC DCHBTDSCH lTBUOPOBNEOOOPZP vBMFYKULPZP ZHMPFB UYEM OEPVIPDYNSCHN CH UCHSY U 40-MEFYEN rPVEDSH OBD ZHBUYU FULPK ZETNBOYEK RTEDUFBCHYFSH REFTB DEOUPCHYUB L ЪChBOYA ZETPS UPCHEFULPZP UPAЪB. l UPTsBMEOYA, LFP RTEDUFBCHMEOYE OE VSHMP TEBMYPCHBOP. b CHEDSH OBUFKHRYMB RPTB CHAINBOYS L NOEOYA LPMMELFYCHB. FEN VPMEE UFP EEE H 1968 ZPDH zTYEEOLP RTEDUFBCHMSMUS L ЪChBOYA zETPS UPCHEFULPZP UPAЪB PDOYN OBKHYUOP-YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULYI YOUFYFHFPCH ZPTPDB MEOYOZTBDB, ZDE REF T DEOYUPCHYU RTPTBVPFBM, VHDHYUY ABOUT REOUYY, VPMEE 15 METHODS. yOUFYFHF RPMKHYUM PFTYGBFEMSHOSHCHK PFCHEF LBDTPCHPZP PTZBOB UP UUSCHMLPK ABOUT TEYOYE chPEOOOPZP UPCHEFB chPEOOP-nPTULPZP zMPFB, IPFS UPCHEF Y OE TBUUNBFTYCHBM LFPF CHPRT PU.

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USSR

Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko(July, 12 [ ], village of Golta, Ananyevsky district, Kherson province, Russian Empire - January 14, Moscow), Soviet military leader, teacher, researcher, historian and memoirist, captain 1st rank, during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people 1941-1945 . - commander of the submarine L-3 "Frunzevets" (until 1943), then - head of the anti-submarine defense of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet of the Workers' and Peasants' Navy of the USSR. Author of books and sections of books about Baltic submariners during the Great Patriotic War and the book of memoirs “Battle Underwater.”

Biography

Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko was born on July 12, 1908 in the village of Golta (in 1919, the district town of Bogopol, the village of Golta and the provincial town of Olviopol were united into the district center of the Odessa province - the city of Pervomaisk - however, the actual unification occurred only in 1920), in the family of Dionysius Andreevich and Ekaterina Petrovna Grishchenko. Peter was the third child in the family. After his father's death from typhus in 1916, he was raised by his maternal grandfather. In his book “The Salt of Service” Grishchenko described this period as follows:

There was nothing to pay for the apartment, and we moved to my grandfather - my mother's father. Grandfather was a hardworking man, very pious - which, however, did not prevent him from having a tough character. He interfered in our upbringing more with a whip and shouting. Mother could not protect us, because he subjugated her to his will.

He studied at the parish school, and then at the railway school. As a boy, he cleaned the boilers of steamships docked in the port of Odessa. He suffered from tuberculosis. Graduated in 1931. For some time he served on the submarine Panther under the command of L. M. Reisner.

Personal life

Was married twice. The first wife is Grishchenko Zinaida Samuilovna, the second is Grishchenko Lyudmila Nikolaevna.

Bibliography

Grishchenko P. D. Combat activity submarines of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on the Baltic Sea in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 - Leningrad: Publishing house Naval Order Lenin Academy. K. E. Voroshilova, 1952
Grishchenko P. D. My friends are submariners. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1966
Grishchenko P. D. On the fairways of the Baltic // Deep Watch. - M.: Young Guard, 1978. - P. 94-112.
Grishchenko P. D. Salt of service. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1979
Grishchenko P.D. On the L-3 minelayer. - M., 1981
Grishchenko P. D. Fight under water. - M.: Young Guard, 1983

Ratings and opinions

Commander of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet in 1939-1946 Admiral Vladimir Tributs:

Now, 20 years later, it turned out that the L-3, in terms of tonnage sunk during the war, was ahead of everyone in the fleet except the boat commanded by A. I. Marinesko. And in the art of navigation and in the use of weapons, in tactics - in a word, in all combat indicators - the L-3 had no equal.

Memory

Captain Grishchenko Street in St. Petersburg was named in memory of Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko.

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Notes

Excerpt characterizing Grishchenko, Pyotr Denisovich

“They told me it was dangerous from the enemy.” Darling, I can’t do anything, I don’t understand anything, there’s no one with me. I definitely want to go at night or early tomorrow morning. – The drone was silent. He glanced at Princess Marya from under his brows.
“There are no horses,” he said, “I told Yakov Alpatych too.”
- Why not? - said the princess.
“It’s all from God’s punishment,” said Dron. “Which horses there were were dismantled for use by the troops, and which ones died, what year it is today.” It’s not like feeding the horses, but making sure we don’t die of hunger ourselves! And they sit like that for three days without eating. There is nothing, they are completely ruined.
Princess Marya listened carefully to what he told her.
- Are the men ruined? Do they have no bread? – she asked.
“They’re dying of starvation,” said Dron, “not like the carts...”
- Why didn’t you tell me, Dronushka? Can't you help? I will do everything I can... - It was strange for Princess Marya to think that now, at such a moment, when such grief filled her soul, there could be rich and poor people and that the rich could not help the poor. She vaguely knew and heard that there was master's bread and that it was given to the peasants. She also knew that neither her brother nor her father would refuse the needs of the peasants; she was only afraid of somehow making a mistake in her words about this distribution of bread to the peasants, which she wanted to dispose of. She was glad that she was presented with an excuse for concern, one for which she was not ashamed to forget her grief. She began asking Dronushka for details about the needs of the men and about what was lordly in Bogucharovo.
– After all, we have the master’s bread, brother? – she asked.
“The master’s bread is all intact,” Dron said proudly, “our prince did not order it to be sold.”
“Give him to the peasants, give him everything they need: I give you permission in the name of my brother,” said Princess Marya.
The drone said nothing and took a deep breath.
“You give them this bread if it is enough for them.” Give everything away. I command you in the name of my brother, and tell them: what is ours is also theirs. We will spare nothing for them. So tell me.
The drone looked intently at the princess while she spoke.
“Dismiss me, mother, for God’s sake, tell me to accept the keys,” he said. “I served for twenty-three years, I didn’t do anything bad; leave me alone, for God's sake.
Princess Marya did not understand what he wanted from her and why he asked to dismiss himself. She answered him that she never doubted his devotion and that she was ready to do everything for him and for the men.

An hour after this, Dunyasha came to the princess with the news that Dron had arrived and all the men, by order of the princess, gathered at the barn, wanting to talk with the mistress.
“Yes, I never called them,” said Princess Marya, “I only told Dronushka to give them bread.”
“Only for God’s sake, Princess Mother, order them away and don’t go to them.” It’s all just a lie,” Dunyasha said, “and Yakov Alpatych will come and we’ll go... and if you please...
- What kind of deception? – the princess asked in surprise
- Yes, I know, just listen to me, for God’s sake. Just ask the nanny. They say they do not agree to leave on your orders.
- You're saying something wrong. Yes, I never ordered to leave... - said Princess Marya. - Call Dronushka.
The arriving Dron confirmed Dunyasha’s words: the men came on the orders of the princess.
“Yes, I never called them,” said the princess. “You probably didn’t convey it to them correctly.” I just told you to give them the bread.
The drone sighed without answering.
“If you order, they will leave,” he said.
“No, no, I’ll go to them,” said Princess Marya
Despite the dissuading of Dunyasha and the nanny, Princess Marya went out onto the porch. Dron, Dunyasha, the nanny and Mikhail Ivanovich followed her. “They probably think that I am offering them bread so that they will remain in their places, and I will leave myself, abandoning them to the mercy of the French,” thought Princess Marya. – I will promise them a month in an apartment near Moscow; I’m sure Andre would have done even more in my place,” she thought, approaching the crowd standing in the pasture near the barn in the twilight.
The crowd, crowded, began to stir, and their hats quickly came off. Princess Marya, with her eyes downcast and her feet tangling in her dress, came close to them. So many different eyes, old and young, were fixed on her and there were so many different persons that Princess Marya had not seen a single face and, feeling the need to suddenly talk to everyone, did not know what to do. But again the consciousness that she was the representative of her father and brother gave her strength, and she boldly began her speech.
“I’m very glad that you came,” Princess Marya began, without raising her eyes and feeling how quickly and strongly her heart was beating. “Dronushka told me that you were ruined by the war.” This is ours common grief, and I will spare nothing to help you. I’m going myself, because it’s already dangerous here and the enemy is close... because... I give you everything, my friends, and I ask you to take everything, all our bread, so that you don’t have any need. And if they told you that I am giving you bread so that you can stay here, then this is not true. On the contrary, I ask you to leave with all your property to our Moscow region, and there I take it upon myself and promise you that you will not be in need. They will give you houses and bread. - The princess stopped. Only sighs were heard in the crowd.
“I’m not doing this on my own,” the princess continued, “I’m doing this in the name of my late father, who was a good master to you, and for my brother and his son.”
She stopped again. No one interrupted her silence.
- Our grief is common, and we will divide everything in half. “Everything that is mine is yours,” she said, looking around at the faces standing in front of her.
All eyes looked at her with the same expression, the meaning of which she could not understand. Whether it was curiosity, devotion, gratitude, or fear and distrust, the expression on all faces was the same.
“Many are pleased with your mercy, but we don’t have to take the master’s bread,” said a voice from behind.
- Why not? - said the princess.
No one answered, and Princess Marya, looking around the crowd, noticed that now all the eyes she met immediately dropped.
- Why don’t you want to? – she asked again.
Nobody answered.
Princess Marya felt heavy from this silence; she tried to catch someone's gaze.
- Why don’t you talk? - the princess turned to the old man, who, leaning on a stick, stood in front of her. - Tell me if you think anything else is needed. “I’ll do everything,” she said, catching his gaze. But he, as if angry at this, lowered his head completely and said:
- Why agree, we don’t need bread.
- Well, should we give it all up? Do not agree. We don’t agree... We don’t agree. We feel sorry for you, but we do not agree. Go on your own, alone...” was heard in the crowd from different directions. And again the same expression appeared on all the faces of this crowd, and now it was probably no longer an expression of curiosity and gratitude, but an expression of embittered determination.
“You didn’t understand, right,” said Princess Marya with a sad smile. - Why don’t you want to go? I promise to house you and feed you. And here the enemy will ruin you...
But her voice was drowned out by the voices of the crowd.
“We don’t have our consent, let him ruin it!” We don’t take your bread, we don’t have our consent!
Princess Marya again tried to catch someone's gaze from the crowd, but not a single glance was directed at her; the eyes obviously avoided her. She felt strange and awkward.
- See, she taught me cleverly, follow her to the fortress! Destroy your home and go into bondage and go. Why! I'll give you the bread, they say! – voices were heard in the crowd.
Princess Marya, lowering her head, left the circle and went into the house. Having repeated the order to Drona that there should be horses for departure tomorrow, she went to her room and was left alone with her thoughts.

For a long time that night, Princess Marya sat at the open window in her room, listening to the sounds of men talking coming from the village, but she did not think about them. She felt that no matter how much she thought about them, she could not understand them. She kept thinking about one thing - about her grief, which now, after the break caused by worries about the present, had already become past for her. She could now remember, she could cry and she could pray. As the sun set, the wind died down. The night was quiet and fresh. At twelve o'clock the voices began to fade, the rooster crowed, and people began to emerge from behind the linden trees. full moon, rose fresh, white fog dew, and silence reigned over the village and over the house.
One after another, pictures of the near past appeared to her - illness and last minutes father. And with sad joy she now dwelled on these images, driving away from herself with horror only one last image of his death, which - she felt - she was unable to contemplate even in her imagination at this quiet and mysterious hour of the night. And these pictures appeared to her with such clarity and with such detail that they seemed to her now like reality, now the past, now the future.

After completing the second year of electrical engineering college, he was drafted into the navy. Graduate of VMU named after. Frunze in 1931, after which he was assigned to the Bars-class submarine "B-2", first as an assistant to the watch commander, then as the VRID commander. In 1932, he studied in the mine class of Special Courses command staff Red Army Navy. Since June 1933, the commander of the warhead-3 on the submarine "D-2" ("Narodovolets"), and since April 1934 - the assistant commander of the "D-1" ("Decembrist").

In 1935, a graduate of the Submarine Training Unit named after. Kirov, after which he was appointed assistant commander and then commander of the submarine "D-5" ("Spartakovets") (until February 1938).

Graduate of the Naval Academy named after. Voroshilov (1940). In July 1940, he took command of the L-3, where, with the rank of captain 3rd rank, he met the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

Under the command of Grishchenko, "L-3" made 4 military cruises with a total duration of 81 days, in which it carried out 5 torpedo attacks with the release of 10 torpedoes, as a result of which 1 Swedish ship with a displacement of 5.513 brt was sunk. In addition, "L-3" under the command of Grishchenko carried out 7 mine laying (80 mines were set), the effectiveness of which is estimated at 8 ships (14.347 or 14.282 GRT). In March 1943, his submarine was awarded the Guards rank.

In February 1943, Grishchenko, having handed over command of the L-3, was transferred to the underwater navigation department, and from September 1943 to the intelligence department of the Baltic Fleet headquarters.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, in June 1945 he was appointed commander of a submarine division, but already in April 1946 Grishchenko was again on staff work: senior officer, then head of the combat training department of the fleet headquarters.

Since December 1946, Grishchenko has been teaching at VVMU, adjunct at the Naval Academy named after. Voroshilov.

Awarded 8 orders and medals. He was repeatedly nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but never received it.

Buried in Moscow.

The famous Leningrad poetess Olga Berggolts dedicated to Pyotr Denisovich

a wonderful but little-known poem.

The submarine goes on a voyage

To foreign seas and bays.

She is seen off by Kronstadt and Kronshlot

And they wish you a happy meeting.

Last greetings from the combat boats,

And now you can’t see them.

And we are far from our native shores

And close to glory and death.

There are few of us, we are a handful of Russian people

In an underwater iron shell.

We are alone here among the minefields

In an insidious and disastrous abyss.

And here comes a caravan above the submarine,

Loaded with damned weapons.

You're lying! Neither your destroyers nor the fog

They won't save you from retribution.

It's time - torpedoists! And right at point blank range

Our torpedoes are hitting.

Republic, your sentence is fulfilled

In the name of the coming victory.

The submarine is hurrying back,

The Baltic has kept its word.

You won’t forget her for a long time, fascist,

And soon you will feel it again.

Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko(July 12, 1908 [specify], the village of Golta, Ananyevsky district, Kherson province, Russian empire- January 14, 1991, Moscow), Soviet military leader, teacher, researcher, historian and memoirist, captain 1st rank, during the Great Patriotic War Soviet people 1941-1945 - commander of the submarine L-3 "Frunzevets" (until 1943), then - head of the anti-submarine defense of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet of the Workers' and Peasants' Navy of the USSR. Author of books and sections of books about Baltic submariners during the Great Patriotic War and the book of memoirs “Battle Underwater.”

Biography

There was nothing to pay for the apartment, and we moved to my grandfather - my mother's father. Grandfather was a hardworking man, very pious - which, however, did not prevent him from having a tough character. He interfered in our upbringing more with a whip and shouting. Mother could not protect us, because he subjugated her to his will.

He studied at the parish school, and then at the railway school. As a boy, he cleaned the boilers of steamships docked in the port of Odessa. He suffered from tuberculosis. Graduated in 1931 Naval Academy named after M.V. Frunze. For some time he served on the Panther submarine under the command of L. M. Reisner.

After graduating in 1940 from the Naval Academy of the Workers' and Peasants' Navy named after. K.E. Voroshilov spent two months seeking appointment to a warship, despite the high staff position he was offered.

Since 1940 - on the submarine L-3. This is how Grishchenko himself recalled his appointment to the boat in his book “My Submariner Friends”:

I came to the submarine “Frunzevets” (L-3) in 1940, when it had already sailed tens of thousands of miles under water over many years. The time had come for modernization: a significant part of the outdated equipment had to be dismantled and replaced with new, more advanced ones.

Met the Great Patriotic War in naval base Libava. Under the command of Pyotr Grishchenko, L-3 made a number of successful torpedo attacks and minelaying.

Grishchenko was the only submarine commander in the Baltic with an academic education and repeatedly pointed out to the command of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet the operationally and tactically illiterate use of fleet submarines in the current difficult circumstances. When this became known to Headquarters in a roundabout way Supreme High Command and I.V. Stalin personally forbade the fleet commander, Vice Admiral (later Admiral) Vladimir Tributs, from sending submarines essentially “to slaughter.” Tributs took revenge on Grishchenko in a peculiar way, appointing him in March 1943 to the post of chief of the fleet’s anti-submarine defense - and this while the fact that both the Germans and the Finns at that time did not even think about introducing their submarines into the Gulf of Finland.

In 1947, having received unequivocal hints from his superiors about the impossibility of further promotion, he was forced to switch to teaching and research work at the Naval Academy, where he defended his dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Naval Sciences on the topic “Use Analysis submarines in the Great Patriotic War."

In 1952, Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko published the work “Combat activities of submarines of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet in the Baltic Sea in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”

Since 1964 - in reserve.

About the life of Pyotr Denisovich Grishchenko in 2010 was released documentary"Intrepid. The underwater war of Peter Grishchenko."

Awards

Awarded 9 orders, including:

Two Orders of Lenin (1942; ??);
Two Orders of the Red Banner;
Three Orders of the Patriotic War: two - 1st degree (1942, 1985) and one - 2nd degree (1944);
Two Orders of the Red Star (1941, 1944);

as well as medals.