Physics ent preparation. Methodological recommendations for preparing for the UNT and CTA in the subject “Physics. View the contents of the document “How to prepare students to successfully pass the UNT in Physics”
“The path to good knowledge never lies
along the silken grass dotted with lilies;
a person always has to climb bare rocks.”
John Ruskin
Preparing for the UNT is serious work not only for the graduate, but also for the teacher. Bring all the material studied on the subject into unified system, which will help the student restore knowledge from the very basics, show ways to solve them as quickly as possible, develop methods for working with similar tasks, etc...
One of the main difficulties of UNT is that you need to quickly switch attention from one subject to another, from the humanitarian direction to the technical direction and vice versa. And here logic, that is, the “art of reasoning,” comes to the rescue. After allYou can’t know everything, it’s enough to understand the essence and resourcefulness will overcome any adversity...
The teacher’s task, regardless of the subject, is to teach the child to reason and draw conclusions. After all, as practice shows, “excellent students” rarely achieve success in life. Life does not give clear answers and two and two are not always four.
«
Believe in your success. Believe in it firmly, and then you will do what is necessary to achieve success."
Dale Carnegie
In the learning process and when passing exams, an important role is played by:
Firstly, knowledge or, more precisely, understanding of what needs to be done;
Secondly, the ability to do it.
Therefore, teachers should actively introduce test technologies into the educational system from the 8th grade. It’s not for nothing that they say that you can’t learn to swim while standing on the shore. Such exercises to perform test tasks will allow students to actually improve their test scores. Knowing the standard designs of test tasks, the student will spend virtually no time following the instructions during the exam. During such training, appropriate psychotechnical skills of self-regulation and self-control are formed..
Approximate calendar and thematic plan
preparation work for the UNT in physics
lesson
subject
date
literature
exercise
Mechanics
Directories
notes
Tests
Directories
notes
Tests
Directories
notes
Tests
Relativity of motion
(formulas without output)
Directories
notes
Tests
Movement of a body at an angle to the horizontal
Directories
notes
Tests
Dynamics
Forces in nature
Newton's laws
Directories
notes
Tests
Body weight. Law of Gravity
Directories
notes
Tests
Archimedes' force
Directories
notes
Tests
Pressure
(formulas without output)
Directories
notes
Tests
Law of conservation of momentum
Directories
notes
Test
Law of energy conservation
Directories
notes
Tests
Job. Power
Directories
notes
Tests
Basic MKT equation
Directories
Notes
Tests
Equation of state of an ideal gas.
Gas laws
Directories
Notes
Tests
Thermodynamics
Ways to change internal energy
Directories
Notes
Tests
First law of thermodynamics
Directories
Notes
Tests
Efficiency
(formulas without output)
Directories
notes
Tests
Oscillations
(mechanical, electromagnetic)
Directories
notes
Tests
Waves
Directories
notes
Tests
Electrification. Coulomb's law. Tension. Electrical capacity. Work and energy electric field
Directories
notes
Tests
DC laws
Directories
notes
Tests
Connection of conductors
(individual training)
Directories
notes
Tests
(Ampere and Lorentz forces,
radius - curvature)
Directories
notes
Tests
Directories
notes
Tests
Optics
Laws of Light Propagation
Directories
notes
Tests
Lenses
Directories
notes
Tests
Theory of relativity
(working on math skills)
Directories
notes
Tests
Atomic physics
Directories
notes
Tests
Directories
notes
Tests
Practicing math skills
Directories
notes
Tests
Practicing equation problems
Directories
notes
Tests
Practicing formula conversions
Directories
notes
Tests
Combined tasks
Directories
notes
Tests
Control testing
Directories
notes
Tests
Monitoring forms
Analysis of test No.__________________
Item_____________________________________________________
Teacher _______________________________________________
The date of the _____________________________________________
Class
Quantity _________________________________________________
% of progress ______________________________________________
% quality of knowledge _____________________________________________________
Average score ________________________________________________
Average score (grade) _____________________________________________
Typical mistakes:
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Conduct analysis typical mistakes in the appropriate lesson.
For independent theoretical work, we recommend the following paragraphs from the textbook ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When preparing students for the UNT, attention should be paid to the following aspects:
save as much time as possible when writing a solution;
be able to identify the main word in a problem, which will tell you on what topic this problem can be solved;
be able to use mathematical methods, simplifying the solution as much as possible (for example: proportions);
save time as much as possible when converting units to the SI system;
be able to select a ready-made formula based on the data values in the problem.
Planning work to prepare for the UNT:
1 lesson : Explain the rules for working with convertible attachments.
T tera 10 12 d deci 10 -1
G giga 10 9 s centi 10 -2
M mega 10 6 m milli 10 -3
to kilo 10 3 μ micro 10 -6
g hecto 10 2 n nano 10 -9
d deck 10 1 p picot 10 -12
12 cm 2 = 0.0012 m 2
13.6 mm 3 = 0.0000000136 m 3
12cm 2 = 12 x (10 -2) 2 m 2 = 12x10 -4 m 2
13.6 mm 3 = 13.6 x (10 -3) 3 m 3 = 13.6 x 10 -9 m 3
The table shows that the use of prefixes saves time for converting units and reduces recording.
Lesson 2 :
1) Help the children write out their notebooks to prepare for the UNT.
values most frequently encountered in tests for better
memorization.
Example : km/h x10 = m/s 18 km/h = 5 m/s 72 km/h = 20 m/s
36 km/h = 10 m/s 90 km/h = 25 m/s
54 km/h = 15 m/s 108 km/h = 30 m/s
π = 3.14 rad π 2 = 9.8 rad 2 (~ 10)
Write everything down on the cover of your notebook constants and the most common table values.
g = 9.8 N/kg; m/s 2 - acceleration of gravity
G = 6.67*10 -11 N*m 2 /kg 2 - gravitational constant
Mz = 6*10 24 kg- mass of the Earth
R z = 64*10 5 m- radius of the Earth
R = 8.31 J/mol*K– gas constant
k = 1.38*10 -23 J/kg - Boltzmann constant
N a = 6,022*10 23 mole -1 – Avogadro's constant
k = 9*10 9 N*m 2 /Cl 2 – proportionality coefficient in Coulomb’s law
q = 1.6*10 -19 Cl - elementary charge
εо = 8.85*10 -12 Cl 2 /N*m 2 – electrical constant
me = 9,1*10 -31 kg- electron mass
mp = mn = 1,67*10 -27 kg- mass of proton and neutron
h = 6,63*10 -34 J*s– Planck's constant
c = 3*10 8 m/s- speed of light in vacuum
m p = 1.00728 amu
m n = 1.00866 amu
m e = 0.00055 amu
υ sound = 340 m/s– speed of sound in air
υ = 30 km/s– speed of rotation of the Earth around the Sun
n = 1,33 – refractive index of water
n = 1,6 – refractive index of glass
ρ = 1000 kg/m 3 – density of water
Beginning with third lesson , it is advisable to conduct thematic lessons. At each lesson, consider one section or several quantities united by general laws. After short summary on the topic, offer students assignments from tests from previous years. From the first 15 options, the teacher selects tasks on this topic and works through them with the children. The remaining 10 options are given to independent work students, in order to teach them how to correctly select tasks related to a given topic.
After thematic assignments It is advisable to carry out the following tasks:
Read the assignments and convert all units to the SI system
Read the task and name the topic on which this task is being solved;
Choose tasks according to the law...
Complete tasks on all types of graphs
Complete tasks on all types of equations
Write down all the formulas that allow you to calculate....
(example: F = mg = - kx = - μmg = μN = ma = mυ 2 /2 S = m(υ-υ o)/ t = mυ 2 / R= Gm 1 m 2 / R 2 = kq 1 q 2 / R 2 = Eq = A/ S = N/υ …)
ANNUAL WORK PLAN IN PHYSICS
in preparation for the UNT
2014-2015 SCHOOL YEAR
Contenders for “Altyn Belgi”
Topic: Ways to calculate the solution complex tasks
Subject
date
MECHANICS
Kinematics
1
1.4. Movement of a body thrown at an angle to the horizontal
1.7. Motion of a point in a circle
2
Problem solving
3
Dynamics. Newton's laws
4
2.6. Law universal gravity
5
Problem solving
6
Testing.
MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Fundamentals of molecular kinetic theory
7
4.1. Basic provisions of the molecular kinetic theory and its experimental confirmation.
4.2. Mass and size of molecules.
4.5. Ideal gas. Basic equation of molecular kinetic theory
8
Problem solving
9
4.6. Mendeleev - Clapeyron equation. Problem solving
10
Problem solving
11
Testing.
Electrostatics
12
8.2. Coulomb's law
8.3. Electric field
Electric field lines
13
Problem solving
14
Testing
15
8.6. Work of electric field forces
8.7. Electric field potential
8.9. Dielectrics in an electric field
8.10. Electric capacity.
16
Testing
Direct electric current
17
9.3. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit.
9.4. Serial and parallel connection of conductors in electricity. chains
9.5. Ohm's law for a complete circuit
18
Problem solving
19
9.7. Work and current power
9.8. Thermal effect of electric current. Joule-Lenz law.
20
Problem solving
21
Testing
Electromagnetic induction
22
11.1. Law of Electromagnetic Induction
11.4. Work of the Lorentz force.
11.6. Self-induction phenomenon
23
Problem solving
24
Electricity in various environments
25
Testing. Preparation for UNT.
ELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS
26
§ 1.1. Electromagnetic oscillations in an oscillatory circuit
§ 1.2. Equation of the free electromagnetic vibrations
27
§ 2.2. Active resistance in the AC circuit
§ 2.3. Capacitance in an AC circuit
§ 2.4. Inductor in an AC circuit
§ 2.7. AC power
§ 2.8. Alternator
Problem solving.
28
Testing. Preparation for UNT.
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND
PHYSICAL BASICS RADIO ENGINEERS
29
§ 3.2. Electromagnetic waves
§ 3.3. Emission of electromagnetic waves. Hertz's experiments
§ 3.4. Electromagnetic wave energy
Problem solving. Preparation for UNT.
30
Testing.
WAVE OPTICS
31
§ 4.3. Interference of light § 4.4. Diffraction of light
§ 4.5. Diffraction grating § 4.6. Light dispersion
§ 4.11. Lenses. Thin lens formula § 4.12. Optical instruments
Problem solving
32
Testing. Preparation for UNT.
33
§ 8.7. Nuclear reactions. Artificial radioactivity
§ 8.8. Division heavy nuclei
§ 8.9. Nuclear chain reactions
§ 8.10. Nuclear reactor. Nuclear energy § 9.2. Nuclear forces.
34
Problem solving. Testing. Preparation for UNT
Executor. Radionova E. Ya.
UNT preparation system
in physics
KSU “School-gymnasium No. 11” of the Akimat of Ust-Kamenogorsk
Physics teacher Titova Tatyana Yurievna
Unified National Testing (UNT) is a serious test for school graduates, their parents and teachers. The problems and prospects of UNT have been actively discussed since it first entered the school life.
In the eleventh grade, on the one hand, the problem of choosing a profession and building future educational plans, on the other hand, there are problems associated with preparing for the UNT itself. These problems turn out to be so significant that sometimes, especially in recent months schooling, overshadow everything else.
the main problem when taking the UNT, how to ensure that every student in every school gets a good result.
In order for the results to be high, it takes many years of systems approach to prepare students. How can this be achieved?
So, let's look at who influences the successful passing of the UNT.
(I talk about each one)
What should a teacher do?
In order to achieve high results, you need to start preparing for the UNT from 7th grade:
1) When studying new material, focus on theoretical material, found in tests (notation!).
2) Practice problem solving various types:
For example, in class 7, when studying the topic: “Pressure,” consider solving the problem of finding the average force of pressure on a side face:
The aquarium is filled to the top with water. The average force of water pressure on the wall of an aquarium 50 cm long and 30 cm high (g = 10 N/kg, ρ = 1000 kg/m 3)____
3) Pay great attention to working with charts:
Example: 9th grade Topic: “Equally variable motion.”
Using the graph, determine the path and acceleration of the body.
4) Conduct physical dictations, oral tests
5) Introduce a test form of control of students’ knowledge of learning:
"Thermodynamics"
1 option
1. In an ideal heat engine, the temperature of the heater is 420 K and the refrigerator is 280 K. Find the work done by the machine if 10 5 kJ of heat is taken from the heater.
A) 61 MJ; B) 41 MJ; C) 21 MJ; D) 33 MJ; E) 51 MJ.
2. An ideal heat engine receives 7 MJ from the heater and transfers 4.2 MJ to the refrigerator. Engine efficiency
A) 20%; B) 22%; C) 40%; D) 9%; E) 25%.
3. The relationship between the released amount of heat Q and the work A performed on an ideal gas during an isothermal process has the form
A) Q = -A; B) Q =0; AD) Q A; E) Q =0; A0.
4. Monatomic ideal gas the amount of heat Q was transferred. When this gas was heated isobarically, a part of Q equal to
A) 0.6 Q; B) 0.5 Q; C) 0.8Q; D) 0.4 Q; E) 0.2 Q.
5. The first law of thermodynamics for isothermal process
A) ΔU =Q; B) ΔU = A +Q; C) ΔU = A; D) ΔU = A+A / ; E) Q = A / .
Option 2
1. In an ideal heat engine, in one cycle the gas receives 75 kJ of heat from the heater. The absolute temperature of the heater is three times the absolute temperature of the refrigerator. The heat engine does work
A) 30 kJ; B) 50 kJ; C) 55 kJ; D) 25 kJ; E) 20 kJ.
2. A heat engine with an efficiency of 60% receives 100 J from the heater per cycle. Useful work which the machine completes per cycle is equal to
A) 600 J; B) 100 J; C) 160 J; D) 40 J; E) 60 J.
3. In a certain process, the gas performed work equal to 2 MJ, and its internal energy decreased by 3 MJ compared to the initial state. In this case, the gas transferred to the environment an amount of heat equal to
A) 2 MJ; B) 1 MJ; C) 3 MJ; D) 4 MJ; E) 5 MJ.
4. When isobarically heating an ideal monatomic gas at 1 K he needed to impart 10 J of heat. The same gas, when heated isochorically by 1 K, will need to be informed
A) 60 J; B) 6 J; C) 6·10 2 J; D) 6·10 3 J; E) 0.6 J.
5. An adiabatic process is a process in which the system
A) comes to thermal equilibrium with environment; C) does not change its parameters; C) gives off heat; D) receives heat; E) does not receive or give off heat.
6) Solving test tasks at the consolidation stage:
For example, in 11th grade on the topic “EMV”
How will the oscillation frequency of the radiation change when the wave passes into a denser medium? ( Will not change)
Arrange electromagnetic waves in order of increasing wavelength:
Visible light;
X-ray radiation;
Radio waves;
Gamma rays.
A) 1,3,4,2; B) 4,3,2,1; C) 4,2,1,3; D) 2,3,1,4; E) 1,3,4,2
7) Interdisciplinary communication: cooperation with mathematics teachers
Collaboration with mathematics teachers;
Techniques for quick calculations without a calculator;
* Conversion of speed units:
* Memorization:
* Meaning trigonometric functions
The value of sinα, сosα at α =0,
…………….
The current strength in the circuit changes over time according to the law i= sin15,7 t .
Find the value of the current at time t = 0.1s.
i= sin 15.7 t =sin5πt=sin5π∙0.1=sinπ/2=1A
From 10th grade
1) increase the quantity verification work in test form;
2) solving tasks according to the UNT collection
Preparing students in 11th grade.
1) Selection of tasks from collections of tests in preparation for the UNT on the topics being studied (lesson stage - consolidation, repetition, Homework);
2) Solving a collection of tests to prepare for the UNT (2 options per week) and conducting additional classes to analyze unsolved problems;
3) 1-2 quarter – repetition of topics for grades 7-10:
The material is repeated in blocks with a selection of open and (or) closed tests;
3-4 quarter – solving UNT trial options
4) individual consultation with low-performing students;
5) individual work with students applying for the Honors Certificate
6) Analysis of the results of trial testing, conducting thematic analysis in order to identify gaps in students’ knowledge;
7) Monitoring for each class and each student;
monitoring
8) Individual conversations with parents on the issue of preparation for the UNT;
9) To eliminate cheating and fear of mistakes, do not put grades for tests in the journal;
10) Teach choose an individual testing strategy: in each trial UNT, think in advance about the order of completing tasks in subjects, record the result, change the order and choose the optimal one by trial.
11) Learn to follow instructions:
Before entering your answer, make sure that you correctly understand what is required of you.
Read the task to the end! Don’t try to complete the ending of the task based on the first words.
Start easy.
Skip difficult tasks.
Eliminate answers that are clearly inappropriate.
Plan two stages: first the easy tasks, then the ones you missed.
Leave time for checking!
Psychological preparation of students is important at all stages. I try to instill in graduates self-confidence, a firm belief that all they have to do is want it, and they will succeed.
Thus, the integrated use of all forms of work, bringing them into the system, will allow achieving high results.
- Self-oscillations - free undamped oscillations
- Longitudinal mechanical waves distributed in all environments
- The volume of a sound is determined by the amplitude
- The operation of the sound amplifier is based on influence magnetic field per charge
- Optical range: (0.4 - 0.8)⋅10 -6 m
- The radio receiver is based on the phenomenon of resonance
- The most energy-intensive radiation is gamma rays
- An atom can remain as long as desired only in ground condition
- Electric current carriers in gases - ions of both signs and electrons
- Observation of small objects in a microscope is limited by the phenomenon of light diffraction
- The transfer of matter occurs when electric current passes through electrolyte solutions and gases
- The magnetic field exerts on the current-carrying frame mechanical action
- Thermonuclear reactions - exothermic reactions of fusion of light nuclei
- The study of the phenomenon of e/m induction served as the basis for the creation electric current generator
- The magnetic properties of a substance are characterized by magnetic permeability of the medium
- In an electrophore machine the transformation takes place mechanical energy into electrical
- The diverging lens gives virtual, reduced, direct image
- Energy from the Sun is transferred to Earth by radiation
- Ratio of atomic radius to nuclear radius: 100,000
- The charge imparted to the conductor is distributed only on the surface of the conductor
- The operation of an electric motor is based on action of a magnetic field on a conductor carrying electric current
- Faraday discovered the occurrence of a current in a closed coil when a magnet is lowered into it
- TO transverse waves can be attributed ultraviolet radiation
- Dispersion of light - dependence of the refractive index of light on frequency
- Heat rays are infrared rays
- Material transfer occurs by convection
- If the sum of all forces acting on a body is zero, then its speed can be any constant or equal to zero
- In a self-oscillating system, the transistor plays the role of a valve
- The electric motor operates due to the action of magnetic forces
- Electrodes - charged metal bodies
- Electromagnetic waves are transverse
- Electromagnetic waves differ from sound waves by polarization
- The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by A. Becquerel
- The nuclear model of the structure of the atom was proposed by E. Rutherford
- If the field lines are closed, then the field is vortex
- If an iron rod is inserted into the coil, the frequency of electromagnetic oscillations in the oscillatory circuit will decrease
- Basics p-n property transition – one-way conduction
- During radio reception in the circuit containing the detector: high-frequency modulated oscillations are converted into audio frequency oscillations
- The number of protons in the nucleus is number of electrons in the shell of a neutral atom
- The phase difference between the two interfering beams is π/2. The minimum path difference between these rays is ⅄/4
- The operating principle of a hydraulic machine is based on on Pascal's law
- Young's modulus unit: Pa
- Regulating the fission rate of heavy atom nuclei in nuclear reactors nuclear power plants carried out at the expense of absorption of neutrons when introducing rods with an absorber
- Pascal's law states that liquid and gas transmit the pressure exerted on them in all directions equally
- Potential energy can be called energy of an elastically deformed body
- By using a hammer to excite vibrations in one tuning fork, the sound of another similar tuning fork is observed. Observed phenomenon – resonance
- The ratio of the mass of an atom to its mass atomic nucleus approximately equal to 1
- When a permanent magnet is moved into the coil, a induced current. This phenomenon is electromagnetic induction
- The main current carriers in p-type semiconductors are holes
- The low compressibility of liquids is explained by the fact that that the distances between the centers of molecules are comparable to their sizes