One of the most sparsely populated, mysterious and unexplored regions in the Russian Federation is Chukotka. And really, what do we know about her? Many people don’t even imagine exactly where this peninsula is located. What can we say about other geographical, natural and cultural features of this distant land.

Our article will tell you about the geographical location, climate and nature of Chukotka, and will also introduce the reader to the indigenous inhabitants of this peninsula - the Chukchi.

End of the earth...

These are the words that can describe the geographical location of Chukotka. It really is located on the very edge of Eurasia. The easternmost point of the continent is located here - Cape Dezhnev.

The tiny territory of the Chukotka Peninsula (total area is only 58,000 sq. km.) is located in two hemispheres of the Earth - Western and Eastern. This, by the way, is the only part of continental Asia that has western longitude in its coordinate system.

By the way, residents of the peninsula are very lucky: they have the right to enter neighboring Alaska without a visa. And this is perhaps one of the most pleasant features geographical location Chukotka. The American coast from here is only 86 kilometers across the Bering Strait.

It is important to separate the peninsula itself and Chukotka autonomous region, which is one of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Chukotka, in administrative terms, is just two districts within the mentioned region - Chukotsky and Providensky.

Relief and minerals of Chukotka

Most of the Chukotka Peninsula is occupied by a low highland of the same name with average absolute heights of 600-1000 meters. Its surface is highly dissected and represented by individual peaks and lonely hills. The Chukotka Plateau acts as the main watershed of the peninsula. One part of the rivers flows from it into the Chukchi Sea, and the other into the Bering Sea.

The highest point of the Chukotka Peninsula is located near Provideniya Bay. This is the Source Mountain (1194 meters). The edge of the highlands here drops steeply to the ocean, forming a series of steep rocky ledges.

The subsoil of Chukotka is quite rich in minerals. Deposits of placer gold, mercury, tin, polymetallic ores, and coal have been explored here. The peninsula has huge reserves of construction raw materials: limestone, sand, gravel and marble.

Climate of Chukotka

Chukotka - region permafrost, a harsh but beautiful peninsula in its own way. Winter here seems to last forever. At this time, the peninsula turns into an icy and lifeless desert. But when the short summer comes (2-3 months), Chukotka pleases with quite diverse vegetation and cheerful mountain streams.

The climate of Chukotka is unique in many ways. It was formed in a zone of active influence of two oceans with incredibly complex atmospheric circulation. In this regard, storms, snowfalls and fogs are often observed here. Local residents joke that the weather in Chukotka is bad for one month a year, very bad for two, and bad for nine!

Permafrost is widespread almost everywhere in Chukotka. The only exceptions are thermokarst lakes and large river valleys.

The Chukotka Peninsula is the holder of several Russian climate records. Thus, here is the highest number of days without sun in the country and the maximum number of storms and hurricanes per year.

Rivers and lakes of Chukotka

The territory of the peninsula is rich not only in mineral resources, but also water resources including. The rivers here are special; they are characterized by:

• rapid and high floods;
• prolonged freeze-up;
• very uneven flow;
• pronounced seasonality in changes in water regime and nutrition.

The names of the largest rivers of the Chukotka Peninsula are very difficult to remember - Chegitun, Uluveem, Igelkveem, Ioniveem. All local watercourses freeze in September, and open only by the beginning of June. Some rivers freeze to the bottom in winter.

The peninsula has a very developed lake-marsh network. Swamps are concentrated along the beds of large rivers. Lakes of the lagoon type are common on the coasts, and moraine lakes in the mountains. The largest bodies of water in Chukotka are lakes Koolen and Yoonai. In winter they are covered with a thick layer of ice up to two meters thick!

Flora and fauna of Chukotka

The Chukotka Peninsula is entirely within the tundra natural area. However, you should not think that the local vegetation is sparse and monotonous. There are about 900 species of plants and over 400 species of mosses and lichens on the peninsula.

There are very few forests in Chukotka. Occasionally there are tracts of low-growing birch and Daurian larch. Tundra vegetation with alder, sedge, lingonberry, blueberry and other shrubs is typical for this peninsula. Mosses and lichens, which grow everywhere here, can be considered a unique floristic symbol of Chukotka.

The fauna of the peninsula is also quite diverse. Typical animals of Chukotka are reindeer, long-tailed gopher, hoofed lemming, white hare, wolf, sable, lynx, ermine, arctic fox. The mountainous regions are home to bighorn sheep, as well as musk oxen - unique and only representatives of their kind.

It is worth mentioning the avifauna of Chukotka. On the coast you can find gulls, guillemots, guillemots, waders, loons and even swans. The sea waters are home to a large number of fish and shrimp. Sometimes whales swim to the shores of Chukotka.

History of Chukotka

The earliest human sites on the peninsula date back to 8-6 millennia BC. The unique archaeological complex “Whale Alley” (an alley of bowhead whale bones dug into the ground), on Itigran Island, dates back to the 14th-16th centuries.

The Chukchi are considered the indigenous people of this peninsula. Although even earlier, more ancient peoples lived here - the Onkilons, Yuits and Yukaghirs. An important role in the formation and development of the Chukchi people was played by their traditional occupation - reindeer herding.

Russians discovered Chukotka in 1648? during the expedition of Semyon Dezhnev. Almost immediately after this, the first clashes began between local residents and uninvited guests from the west. For half a century, Russian Cossacks tried to conquer and pacify the Chukchi “savages”. But in vain. The Chukchi, even without firearms at their disposal, competently and selflessly defended their land.

It was not possible to conquer the Chukchi people by force. Therefore, Catherine the Second in 1778 resorted to cunning. She granted the Chukchi broad rights and liberties, freed them from conscription (yasak) and guaranteed complete independence in all of them. internal affairs. This policy bore fruit: already in 1788, the first trade fair was successfully held in Chukotka.

Economy and population of Chukotka

Today, about 8 thousand people live on the peninsula. About 80% of the local population of Chukotka are Chukchi. Other nationalities also live here - Eskimos, Yukaghirs, Evenks, Chuvans and Russians.

In administrative-territorial terms, the territory of the peninsula is divided into two regions - Chukotka and Providensky. Within the first there are six villages. In the Providensky district there are five rural settlements and one urban-type settlement of Provideniya, which is home to about 2 thousand people.

The industry of Chukotka is represented by mining (mainly alluvial gold) and thermal energy. Most developed Agriculture region. It is represented by reindeer husbandry, fur farming and fisheries. There are two large agricultural enterprises operating on the peninsula - Zapolyarye and Kaper.

Who are the Chukchi and what do we not know about them?

The Chukchi are the indigenous people of Chukotka, a small ethnic group scattered over quite a large territory. Its total number is only 16 thousand people. About 80% of all Chukchi live within the Chukotka region Autonomous Okrug.

Characteristic anthropological features of the Chukchi: horizontal or oblique eye shape, skin with a bronze tint, large facial features, high forehead, massive nose and large eyes.

• the Chukchi are a very warlike and cruel people;
• representatives of this nationality have an excellent sense of smell;
• the upbringing of Chukchi boys is strict and consists of a number of difficult tests (for example, from the age of five, a young Chukchi is allowed to sleep exclusively while standing);
• the Chukchi are absolutely indifferent to death;
• the Chukchi are ideal warriors, partisans and saboteurs, they brought animal horror and instilled fear in everyone who had to fight with them;
• The basis of the diet of this people is meat, seaweed, berries, shellfish, blood and decoctions of various herbs;
• the Chukchi are skilled craftsmen in carving animal bones;
• the Soviet government desperately and productively came up with ideas about the Chukchi funny jokes, the main goal of the “red ideologists” was this: to turn the militant and proud people into harmless and amusing folklore characters.

Heraldry of Chukotka

As a conclusion to our article, we cannot fail to mention the heraldry of the peninsula. She is very interesting, colorful and a little naive. However, the coats of arms and flags of Chukotka reflect all the specifics of this unique region.

Let's start with the Chukotka flag municipal district. On it we see a boat with five oarsmen and a hunter armed with a long spear. The boat floats against the background of the yellow sun. This panel depicts one of the main activities of local residents - hunting large sea animals (seals, walruses and whales).

But the coat of arms of the same Chukotka region depicts a walrus (against the background of the administrative map of the region) and six deer, symbolizing another traditional occupation of the Chukchi - reindeer herding.

No less interesting is the coat of arms of the neighboring Providensky district. On it we see images of a whale and a sea anchor. It is no coincidence that both figures are placed on the district coat of arms. The whale symbolizes whaling, traditional for these regions, and the anchor reminds that one of the most important ports of the Russian Arctic is located in the village of Provideniya.

Available in Russian Federation, on Far East such an autonomous region is Chukotka. Yakutia, Magadan Region and Kamchatka Territory are located nearby. Alaska is nearby, it’s a pity it belongs to the USA (that’s what everyone thinks anyway). We crossed the Bering Strait - here comes America.

The capital of Chukotka is the city of Anadyr. The area of ​​the district is more than 720 thousand km2. Chukotka District occupies the land between the lower reaches of the Kolyma in the west and Cape Dezhnev on the Chukotka Peninsula, as well as the following fairly large islands: Wrangel, Aion, Arakamchechen, Ratmanova, Geralda and others.
Chukotka, like a rocky wedge, cuts into two oceans: the Pacific and the Arctic. The waves of the East Siberian, Chukotka and Bering seas beat on the coast of Chukotka.

Relief of Chukotka

Mountainous terrain predominates. In the northeast there is the Chukotka Plateau, in the center - the Anadyr Plateau and Anyui Plateau, in the southwest - the northern extremities of the Kolyma Plateau, in the southeast - the Koryak Plateau. Above the highlands there are individual ridges with peak heights of more than 1 km. The highest point on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is located on the Anyui Highlands, its height is 1853 m above sea level.

The lowlands are adjacent to sea bays. Chukotka is a very young region from a geological point of view earth's surface. Its relief was formed as a result of vertical tectonic movements earth's crust. These movements began during the Neogene period and have not ended to the present day.

Climate

The area is located on Far North, so the climate is harsh: on the coasts there is humid sea air ( cold in winter), in the interior mountainous regions the climate is sharply continental. Winter is very long - up to 10 months a year. Average temperatures in January are down to –40°C (the minimum is naturally even lower), in July – from +5 to +10°C. The soils are permafrost everywhere.

Nature of Chukotka

Chukotka is a land of rivers and streams. The largest and most famous:

• Anadyr (with tributaries Main, Belaya, Tanyurer),
• Velikaya (flows into Onemen Bay of the Bering Sea),
• Bolshaya Anyui and Malaya Anyui (originate in the Chukotka mountain ranges and flow into Kolyma).

Rivers are fed primarily by melting snow or rain; The water is cold, but in most places you can drink it immediately, without boiling. There are also many lakes, mostly of thermokarst origin, mainly located within tectonic depressions. The largest lakes: Krasnoye and Elgygytgyn (maximum depth - 169 m). Within the northern coastal strip there are lakes with salt water. There are three known deposits of mineral thermal energy waters with temperatures up to 80°C (Chaplyginskoye, Lorinskoye and Dezhnevskoye).

Chukotka is a region of forest-tundra, tundra and arctic deserts. Tundra, low-growing vegetation predominates. On the tops of the mountains and on Wrangel Island there are arctic deserts. In the basins of the Anadyr River and other large rivers there are island forests (larch, poplar, Korean willow, birch, alder, etc.).

In Chukotka, mainly in the forests, several dozen species of mammals (fox, arctic fox, wolf, wolverine, brown and polar bears) and a couple of hundred species of birds (white and tundra partridges, geese, ducks, swans) live. On the coast there are noisy “bird colonies” - eiders, guillemots, gulls. There are a lot of fish, I don’t want to catch them. So fishing in Chukotka should be successful.

For tourists and extreme sports enthusiasts

The Chukotka region is one of those places in the world that seem to be created to test a person’s “strength.” The edge of permafrost, there is almost always wind and blizzards. Chukotka shows its unique beauty only to those who are ready to face difficulties. The life philosophy of indigenous peoples was formed in this extreme climate. The way of life of people here is initially subordinated to the goal of survival. That’s why, when going to Chukotka, it is very important to understand whether you have fortitude and strength of body, and whether you are physically resilient.

— Textbooks and manuals — NATURE AND RESOURCES OF CHUKOTKA

Chapter 5. MINERAL RESOURCES

21. Minerals and their classification

Minerals have been used by humans since ancient times. Even in the Paleolithic, i.e. many tens of thousands of years BC, primitive man used minerals such as chalcedony, quartz, obsidian, serpentine, amber and many others to make tools and utensils. Later, people learned to use clay for pottery and building stone for building homes. About 25 thousand years BC. man already knew gold, and 12 thousand years ago he began to use copper ores. Products made of lead, dating back to 6 thousand BC, were discovered by archaeologists in Turkey, and products made of tin and zinc served people more than 3,500 thousand years ago. The emergence of ancient Egyptian, ancient Greek, Scythian, ancient Slavic and other cultures was closely associated with involvement in the use various types mineral. The origin and development of industry, the emergence of more and more new branches and the entire subsequent history of human development are inextricably linked with the development of productive forces and, first of all, with the identification and development of mineral resources. This process of increasing use of minerals continues today, and, of course, will continue in the future. Chukotka is very heterogeneous geologically; its different regions were formed in different time

and are distinguished by their mineral resources. Thus, in the Chukotka fold system, which is one of the important ore provinces of the world, the leading place is occupied by deposits of gold, tin and tungsten formed in the Mesozoic during the uplift of sedimentary strata. In the Oloi folded zone of Paleozoic age, located in the extreme west of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, gold, copper, molybdenum, chromium and nickel are common. The northern section of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt is rich in various deposits of mercury, gold, silver, copper, tin and ornamental stones. The Anadyr-Koryak region is dominated by deposits of chromium, nickel, mercury, platinum group elements, copper and molybdenum, gold, zeolites, coal and oil. The most ancient Eskimo massif contains reserves of building materials - graphite, gold and polymetals.

Geography and relief

• The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is located in the extreme northeast of Russia, more than half of the territory is beyond the Arctic Circle. The territory of the district borders on:
• Kolyma (in the west);
• Magadan region and Yakutia (in the west and southwest);

The district is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean (in the north), the Bering Strait (in the east), as well as the East Siberian, Bering and Chukchi seas. The district includes the islands of Wrangel, Ratmanov, Gerald, etc.

Figure 1. Landscape of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Author24 - online exchange of student works

The southern border of Chukotka runs along the watershed of the Anadyr River and individual rivers in the Koryak Highlands.

The total area of ​​the territory is more than 720 thousand square meters. km.

The main landscapes were formed in ancient times and have undergone virtually no changes:

• Anadyr Lowland - very swampy central part districts;
• Anadyr Plateau – located to the northwest of the lowland of the same name; river basins and the most important ridges radiate from it
• Koryak Highlands - located in the south of the district;
• Yukaghir Plateau – occupies southwestern part territory of the district, heights reach from 500 to 700 m;
• The Vankarem and Chaun lowlands stretch along the sea coasts in the north. There are an abundance of lakes here, the area is very swampy.

Finished works on a similar topic

• Coursework 440 rub.
• Essay Natural features and resources of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 270 rub.
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The relief of the peninsula consists of hills (dome-shaped hills) with heights of up to 700 m. The highest point of Chukotka - 1853 m - is located on the Anyui Highlands.

Note 1

On the territory of Chukotka there are many unique modern and relic ice, represented by thick strata deposits, underground ice rock glaciers, as well as ice veins with a length of up to 50 m.

Climatic conditions

The climate of Chukotka is harsh. Climatic conditions are determined by the monsoon circulation. There are two seasons: a long frosty period and a short warm one. In the interior mountainous regions, the climatic conditions are sharply continental. On the coast, humid, cold, sea air predominates.

The proximity of the Arctic Ocean creates high humidity, cloudy weather and fog. The closer to the ocean, the more severe the weather conditions become.

Winter lasts up to 10 months a year. At this time, the continent cools significantly. Winter is dry and sunny. WITH Pacific Ocean Sometimes warm weather breaks through with snowfalls and blizzards.

During the warm period, wet cold masses move from the ocean to land, forming the summer monsoons.

The average January temperature is -40º C. The average July temperature ranges from +5º C to +13º C. Sometimes the temperature can rise to +30º C.

The soils are permafrost everywhere.

Characteristic features of shelf seas are storms, heavy ice conditions, fogs, and strong tidal currents.

Natural resources

Water resources. The district's rivers belong to the sea basins of the Pacific and Arctic oceans. Most of the rivers have been poorly studied. TO large rivers include: Anadyr (with its tributaries Belaya, Tanyurer, Main); Big Anyui and Small Anyui, Great. Many of the rivers freeze to the bottom. Most belong to mountain rivers. Most large lakes: Pekulneyskoe, Elgygytgyn, Krasnoe. The lakes are predominantly of thermokarst origin. There are deposits of mineral thermal waters (Lorinskoye, Chaplinskoye and Dezhnevskoye deposits). Seas of Chukotka: East Siberian (the coldest of all the seas in the district); Chukchi Sea (most of the year it is covered with floating ice; in the fall, due to stormy winds, hummocks often form); Bering Sea (the warmest sea in Chukotka).

Minerals. The subsoil of the district is rich in reserves of platinum group metals (Anadyr-Koryak system), gold (Mayskoe gold-sulfide deposit, Shmidtovsky, Iultinsky, Chaunsky districts), silver, tin (Pyrkakai stockwork deposits), tungsten (Chaunsky district), copper, mercury, oil , gas (oil and gas basins - East Khatyr, Anadyr, North Chukotka, South Chukotka, East Siberian), hard and brown coal (Upper Alkatvaam deposit), etc. Deposits of chromium, molybdenum, bismuth, boron, titanium, beryllium, lithium, arsenic, iron, antimony, cobalt, nickel, zeolites, precious and semi-precious stones (garnet, demantoid, beryl, amethyst, topaz, axinite, rock crystal, etc.), ornamental stones (chalcedony, agate, jasper, rodingite , listvenite, gabbro, etc.). The explored mineral resource potential of the district is one of the highest in the Far East.

Construction Materials. Deposits of mineral building materials are represented by the following types of raw materials: building sands, expanded clay, brick and sand-gravel mixtures, building stones, carbonate rocks for building lime.

Bioresources. Marine hunting resources are significant (minke whales, fin whales, beluga whales, killer whales and other cetacean mammals; bearded seals, walruses, striped seals, ringed seals and other pinnipeds). Deep processing of raw materials (thymus, lard, adrenal glands, spleen and other organs of sea animals) into biologically active substances (BAS) is underway. Fishing (tuna, shrimp, cephalopods, pollock, cod, large crustaceans) and reindeer husbandry are developed.

Hunting Resources. The most valuable commercially are: wild reindeer, elk, brown bears, sable, red fox, arctic fox, wolverine, wolf, muskrat, American mink, white hares, ermines, and white partridge.

Flora and fauna

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is a region of tundra, forest-tundra and arctic deserts. The territory is dominated by low-growing tundra vegetation.

Arctic deserts are located on Wrangel Island and on the mountain tops. The vegetation cover is represented by sedge-tussock and shrub-moss representatives.

Island forests with a predominance of poplar, larch, birch, Korean willow, alder, etc. grow in river basins.

The forests of Chukotka are mainly home to more than 35 species of mammals: brown and polar bears, arctic fox, fox, wolf, wolverine.

The avifauna (170 species) is represented by partridges, geese, ducks, and swans. Guillemots, eiders, and gulls live on the coast.

Wide variety of fish. In terms of commercial use, halibut, large-sized pollock, cod, flounder, navaga, etc. are of value.

Chukotka is perhaps the least studied region of Russia geologically. Over the 70 years of the district’s existence, only 7 percent of its territory has been explored.

Chukotka is perhaps the least studied region of Russia geologically. Over the 70 years of the district’s existence, only 7 percent of its territory has been explored. Local residents joke that there will be enough work for geologists here for the next 100 years. It is this uncertainty that gives rise to numerous myths about the fabulous riches of the region. Some argue that oil gushers are about to emerge from the depths of the permafrost, others talk about fantastic diamond deposits, and still others are skeptical about the extreme scarcity of the region’s raw materials. In fact, all this is nothing more than speculation.

Precious and non-ferrous metals

As of 1.01. 2000 The state balance of gold on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug took into account 477 gold deposits, including 471 alluvial deposits and 6 ore deposits. With a small number of ore deposits, they account for a relatively large part of the region's gold resources, which is due to the reserves of the large Mayskoye gold-sulfide deposit. Gold reserves are estimated at approximately the same amount in complex deposits of copper-porphyry and copper-pyrite types, as well as in objects of the gold-silver formation. The main reserves of placer gold are located in five administrative districts (maximum in the Shmidtovsky district), 48 gold-bearing nodes and areas.

The predicted resources of platinum group metals on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug are located within the Anadyr-Koryak system. In 2000, geochemical exploration began within the platinum-bearing areas, aimed at a comprehensive assessment of the platinum and chromite content of the Anadyr-Koryak metallogenic system.

The state balance sheet for the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug takes into account 83 tin deposits, including 72 alluvial and 11 ore deposits. Since 1992, due to the general economic crisis in the country, which coincided with a sharp drop in the price of tin on the world market, tin mining in the region and Russia as a whole has become unprofitable. As calculations show, cost-effective development of even the largest Pyrkakai stockwork deposits in Russia, located in Chukotka, is possible only with an increase in world tin prices.

On the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the State Balance Sheet includes 28 tungsten deposits, of which 17 are alluvial and 11 are primary.

The alluvial deposits of the Iultinsky district are intended for open-pit mining; three of them have reserves for underground mining. In addition, in the placer gold river. Lenotap is a by-product of tungsten trioxide for dredge mining. At 7 sites in the Chaunsky district explored for open-pit mining, tungsten trioxide is accounted for as an associated component with tin. Since 1992, tungsten mining has ceased for the same reasons as tin mining.

There are no copper deposits on the balance sheet of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The prospects for the development of its mining in the district are associated with the Peschanka complex deposit of copper-porphyry type, which, in addition to copper, has resources of molybdenum, gold, silver and platinum group metals. In addition, significant copper resources are estimated at large areas, promising for identifying deposits of copper-pyrite formation type. The total estimate of the predicted copper resources of the district as of January 1, 1998 is 24.3 million tons.

Coal

Coal-bearing deposits on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug are known in 13 coal-bearing regions. General resource potential The territory's coal is estimated at 57,475.4 million tons, of which the forecast resources are 56,827.4 million tons (hard coal -86%, brown coal -14%). All Chukotka coals are suitable for use in the fuel and energy complex. In addition to being used as a fuel raw material, coals can be suitable for deep processing on site - the creation of petrochemical and coke-chemical production and enterprises, the processing of coals for petrochemical products, hydrogenation, semi-coking, etc.

In the Beringovsky coal-bearing region at the Verkhne-Alkatvaam deposit, the possibility of identifying coal reserves suitable for coking has been established. Involvement in the exploitation of such deposits will provide the entire Far Eastern economic region with high-quality coking raw materials. Particularly valuable grades of hard coal can be used in the production of liquid synthetic fuels, resins, phenols and other valuable products.

The current state of Chukotka's coal base makes it possible not only to satisfy its own fuel needs, but also to export coal beyond its borders. In addition, the quality of coal from the Beringovsky region meets international standards and can be quite competitive on the world market.

Hydrocarbon raw materials

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is one of the largest "shelf" regions of Russia. Within its boundaries, 5 promising oil and gas basins have been identified: Anadyr, East Khatyr, South Chukotka, North Chukotka and East Siberian.

The identified oil and gas basins are characterized by their inaccessibility, as well as their uneven and relatively low degree of knowledge. Currently, the oil and gas basins of the Bering Sea are more accessible - Anadyr and Khatyr.

Based on the results of geological exploration, numerous oil and gas bearing structures have been identified in the continental part of the Anadyr basin. There are three most promising areas: Zapadno-Ozerny, Verkhne-Telekaisky and Lagunny. In the Zapadno-Ozerny area there is a gas field of the same name, the explored reserves of which are over 5 billion cubic meters. m of gas. The deposit is prepared for industrial development. Within the Verkhne-Telekaisky area, three fields have been identified (Verkhne-Telekai gas condensate, Verkhne-Echinskoe and Olkhovoe oil fields), and a number of promising oil and gas structures.

The listed fields do not exhaust the oil and gas potential of the Lower Anadyr Lowland, however geological structure sushi does not allow us to hope for the discovery of larger deposits. Significantly greater prospects are outlined for the eastern part of the Anadyr basin, located under the waters of the Anadyr Gulf of the Bering Sea. It seems that the offshore part of the Anadyr basin is a promising area from the point of view of its favorable geographical location, which determines the fairly stable functioning of sea transport communications. Finally, the development of the resources of the Bering Sea will be a kind of step towards the development of the more inaccessible seas of the Eastern Arctic.

The oil and gas potential of the onshore part of the Khatyr basin, which is located to the south and southwest of the Anadyr basin, is less studied. Forecast recoverable resources of oil - 500 million tons and gas - 900 billion m3.

The oil and gas basins of the shelves of the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas are the least studied.

Within the Chukchi Sea there are two large oil and gas basins - North and South Chukchi. The initial recoverable resources of the Chukchi Sea shelf are 3335 million tons of equivalent fuel.

The shelf of the East Siberian Sea is even less studied, and yet even scant data allows us to assert that several large basins are hidden under the waters of this sea. The initial recoverable resources, according to estimates made as of 01/01/1993, amount to 5583 million tons of equivalent fuel.

Other minerals

In Chukotka, deposits of mercury, chromium, as well as ore occurrences of silver, polymetals, molybdenum, boron, bismuth, titanium, lithium, beryllium, iron, arsenic, antimony, nickel, cobalt, lead of rare and trace elements, zeolites, peat, etc. have been identified. ., as well as precious, semi-precious (demantoid, garnet, beryl, topaz, amethyst, rock crystal, axinite, etc.) and ornamental (agate, chalcedony, jasper, listvenite, rodingite, gabbro, etc.) stones.

The groundwater

Three deposits of mineral thermal energy waters have been discovered and studied in the district: Chaplinskoye, Lorinskoye and Dezhnevskoye. Thermal mineral springs of Chukotka have balneological significance - the water from them can be used to treat traumatic, skin and gastrointestinal diseases.

There are 28 mineral water springs discovered in Chukotka, on the basis of which it is possible to create sanatoriums and summer recreation centers

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