Social science
Berezhnoy Igor Alexandrovich. Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy: biography. outstanding designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences

Berezhnoy Igor Alexandrovich. Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy: biography. outstanding designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences

This murder is called the first contract killing in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy occupied high position in Kuibyshev, he was expected to become secretary of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to poison himself, the other stuck a knife in himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshevsky judge A.A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the investigation of this case, assured in his interview with Volzhskaya Kommuna that Berezhnoy clearly helped write off valuables. According to one version, voiced in the film “Bomb for the Chief Designer” on behalf of former designers who worked at KKBAS, the contract killing was connected specifically with the illegal activities of the design bureau. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by Kuibyshev’s party elite; supposedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, intending to transport certain cargo on it.

“Samara Review” also gives an exotic hypothesis for the murder of Berezhny, which is connected with his beloved flight attendant L.I. Brezhnev. The only person involved in the criminal case initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS who has survived to this day, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply removed for show so that other prominent Soviet designers “kept their heads down.” Allegedly, the Americans were very interested in the Glissada system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the USA. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special about the Glissade; moreover, its parameters were once published by Pravda.

Ultimately, no one was charged with I.A.'s murder. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the chief designer’s subordinates, who was later convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film “Bomb for the Chief Designer” requested information about the criminal case initiated on the basis of murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General’s Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who killed the chief designer in 1981 and for what reason remain unanswered today.

In connection with the death of former Verkhovna Rada deputy Irina Berezhnaya, media attention fell not only on the personality of the deceased, but also on the sponsor and alleged father of her child, Boris Fuksman.

A businessman of Ukrainian origin is a fairly well-known personality - a media tycoon, an investor, an active member of many Jewish communities in the world and a cousin of Alexander Rodnyansky. And if there is enough information about his path in the media field, then the Fuchsman family is a closed book to the public.

The INFORMER managed to communicate with a person close to the media tycoon’s circle, who spoke about the Fuchsman family.

Boris Fuksman was born into a Jewish family of a Kyiv antique dealer. In 1970 he graduated from the Technological Institute Food Industry, and not the Kiev Trade and Economic Institute, as some sources write. After graduation, he worked at the Kyiv Film Studio documentaries assistant cameraman, then assistant director, and finally - director of the film. Explain career rise is not difficult for a young engineer. Fuchsman's cousin is Alexander Rodnyansky. It was Rodnyansky’s father who helped the still young Fuchsman begin his career as a cinematographer.

But he was attracted by money, so Fuchsman began to engage in blackmail - he worked with almost everything, from Marlboro cigarettes to Levis jeans. Then Fuchsman married for the first time, and to this moment, last time. Fuchsman's chosen one was a Kiev woman from a Jewish family - Erna, later Fuchsman. Erna gave birth to Fuchsman's first daughter, Michelle.

In 1974, Fuchsman, having earned start-up capital from blackmail and grabbed some antiques, moved with his family to Germany, where his relatives still live.

Already living in Germany, Fuchsman separated from Erna, but did not officially divorce. In fact, she is still his official wife. Fuchsman did not file for divorce, since at that time he had already accumulated a certain capital by dealing in antiques and smuggling, and in the event of a divorce, according to German laws, he would have been left broke, since all the assets would have gone to Erna.

In Germany, Fuchsman met his current common-law wife Lilia, who gave another impetus to his business activities. At the time of their acquaintance, Lilia was widowed and had a daughter, Elena, whom Fuchsman raised as his own. After some time, they had a common daughter, Natalia Fuksman.

Fuchsman and Liliya are not officially signed, at least in Germany. Most likely, their marriage was registered in another country. As the INFORMER learned from a source close to Fuchsman’s circle, he is still officially married to Erna.

Lilia is Natalia Kobzon's cousin, which greatly helped Fuchsman in his business. In the nineties of the last century, Joseph Kobzon was closely associated with the Soviet army, which gave Fuchsman access to supplies Soviet army. This is how the values of repatriates and smuggled icons, including those of criminal origin, were transferred to the West and back to the USSR. At the same time, Fuchsman mastered a new smuggling channel - household utensils Soviet officers. According to some reports, Fuchsman also sold used weapons from the Soviet contingent in Germany in those years. This became his new income. Thanks to the family connections of his new wife, Fuchsman received almost unlimited opportunities in business. It was the money he earned in the nineties that provided the material basis for organizing the media business that Fuchsman now owns.

It is impossible to find information about the Fuchsman family in the media. Wikipedia indicates that he has two daughters - Natalya and Michelle. Some sources name the third - Lilia's daughter from her first husband - Elena. But there is no information about wives or grandchildren. Although, according to information received from the source, Fuchsman has many grandchildren, and at least two wives. In several publications with photographs posted, mainly from social events of the cinematic beau monde, Lilia is mentioned as “Fuchsman’s wife,” but her name does not appear anywhere. Like, in general, a surname. According to the source, Lilia bears the surname of her first deceased husband.

The story of the death of former deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine from the Party of Regions Irina Berezhnaya in a car accident (the kept woman and mother of Fuchsman’s fourth child, Daniella, - ed.) once again drew attention to Fuchsman’s person. A number of media reported that after Berezhnaya’s death, Fuchsman, Daniella’s alleged father, came to the Croatian Zadar to pick up the child. According to the source, he is listed as the girl’s father in the documents. Most likely, Interpol summoned him to the country, since if there is a living father or mother, the child is given to them first and not to other relatives.

According to a source close to Fuchsman’s circle, about five years ago he suffered a stroke, which significantly affected the media tycoon’s health. He speaks poorly and has difficulty moving. It was in this state that Fuchsman came to pick up his eight-year-old daughter.

According to the source, Liliya for a long time did not believe in Fuchsman’s connection with Berezhnaya, but when she was presented with irrefutable facts, she forced her husband to break up with his mistress. They did not communicate for about two years, although Fuchsman continued to fully provide for his passion with his daughter. Berezhnaya, being a “barefoot,” according to the wife, had a bad effect on her husband’s health, especially after suffering a stroke. The source claims that Berezhnaya treated Fuchsman badly, was rude to him in front of people at business meetings, demanding that he completely middle-aged man increased attention to himself, calling him an “old asshole.” Also, according to the source, Berezhnaya is like two peas in a pod like Lilia in her youth.

Later, information appeared in the media that Fuchsman and Liliya decided to adopt Berezhnaya’s child after the death of her mother. A source from Fuchsman's circle confirms this information. In his opinion, Lilia could make such a decision because she is very angry with her husband, and not with the girl. Lily is a wise enough woman not to transfer her anger to her child. In Düsseldorf, where the Fuchsman family lives, there is a large post-Soviet crowd, among which the Fuchsman family is the elite. And they, among other things, will have to explain why they adopted the girl. Most likely, she will be presented as the daughter of dead friends. According to the source, the Düsseldorf-Berlin crowd will not soon understand that Danielle is Fuchsmann’s own daughter.

Let us recall that it was previously reported that former MP from the Party of Regions and an ardent supporter of the “Russian world” Irina Berezhnaya died in a car accident in Croatia.

The accident occurred in Croatia at night, around 01.30 on the highway between settlements Maslenitsa and Posedarje. Two people died: passenger Berezhnaya and a 38-year-old driver, a citizen of Bulgaria. As a result of the accident, Berezhnaya’s 8-year-old daughter was injured and was hospitalized.

Later, her father, Boris Fuksman, came to Zadar to pick up the girl.

It also became known that Boris Fuksman and his wife Lilia decided to adopt the child of the deceased Berezhnaya.

April 21, 1934 - 1981

outstanding designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences

Biography

Entered the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute in 1951. He worked at the Department of Physics, then at the Department of Aircraft Strength.

Killed in February 1981 - blown up in an official car during a business trip in Moscow. Considered to be the victim of the first contract murder in the USSR. The investigation into the murder was carried out by the KGB and personally by Yu. V. Andropov. The results of the investigation are unknown.

Main publications

On the torsion of prismatic rods made of ideally plastic material taking into account microstresses // Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - 1963. - No. 5. - P. 154-157. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
On the influence of viscosity on the mechanical behavior of elastic-plastic media // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1965. - T. 163. - No. 3. - P. 595-598. (together with D. D. Ivlev)
On dissipative functions in the theory of viscoplastic media // Problems of continuum mechanics (to the 60th anniversary of Academician V.V. Novozhilov). - 1970. - P. 67-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
On deformation models of the theory of plasticity and continuum // Applied mathematics and mechanics. - 1970. - T. 40. - Issue. 3. - pp. 553-557. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
On the acquired anisotropy of plastic bodies // Continuum mechanics and related problems of analysis. Sat. articles, dedicated To the 80th anniversary of academician N. I. Muskhelishvili. M., 1972. S. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. V. Dudukalenko)
On the construction of a model of granular media based on the definition of the dissipative function // Fundamentals of plasticity: Coll. proceedings of the symposium. Warsaw, 1973. pp. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
On the construction of a model of granular media based on dissipative functions // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1973. - T. 123. - No. 6. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
On some models built on the basis of the mechanisms of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity with variable defining parameters // Izvestia of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Mechanics solid. - 1974. - No. 1. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov)
On the loading function for ideally plastic models // Selected problems of applied mechanics: Sat. articles, dedicated 60th anniversary of Academician V. N. Chelomey. M., 1974. S. 113-117. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Tseyler)
On the construction of surfaces of complex rigid-plastic models // Mechanics of deformable bodies and structures: Coll. articles. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1975. pp. 62-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Tseyler)
On the flow of liquid with controlled viscosity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 3. - P. 582-584. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov, V. I. Tseyler)
On some experiments with converging ring waves on the surface of a heavy liquid // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 4. - P. 810-811. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, R. K. Logvinova)
On defining inequalities in the theory of plasticity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1976. - T. 227. - No. 4. - P. 824-826. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
Dissipative function in the theory of plasticity // Mechanics of a deformable body: Interuniversity. Sat. Kuibyshev, 1977. Vol. 3. P. 5-22.
Laser leads to landing // civil Aviation. - 1978. - No. 9. - P. 26-27. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
On integral inequalities of the theory of an elastoplastic body // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1980. - T. 44. - No. 3. - P. 540-549. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
Defining inequalities in the theory of an elastoplastic body: Abstracts of reports. V All-Union Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Alma-Ata, 1981. (together with D. D. Ivlev)

Numerous articles have been written about this mysterious murder in print and electronic media, and at the end of 2017, the Rossiya TV channel showed an investigative documentary, “A Bomb for the Chief Designer.” However, none of the authors of these materials managed to answer the main questions: who ordered and killed in February 1981 the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems of the USSR Ministry of Aviation Industry (KKBAS) Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhny.

How the designer was killed

As the Samara Review wrote, Berezhnoy died on February 4, 1981 in Moscow, where he was on a business trip. Someone asked the designer to bring medicine from the capital. And when Berezhnoy got into the car and opened the box, the explosion tore the car apart. The body of the murdered designer was so disfigured that the deceased was buried in a closed coffin. The scientist's driver was shell-shocked, but no one else was injured as a result of the detonated explosive device.

Who was he Professor, Doctor of Science I. A. Berezhnoy since 1972 headed KKBAS, which was previously called OKB "Chassis of Airplanes and Helicopters". As a specialist, he was valued by such aircraft designers as A. Tupolev, O. Antonov and V. Myasishchev. He was the author of over 200 scientific developments in the field of aircraft manufacturing. The designer became most famous for the Glissada laser aircraft landing system. However, as the Volga Commune publication writes, immediately after Berezhny’s murder (the investigation was conducted by the KGB), numerous frauds were revealed in his design bureau, in which Igor Alexandrovich’s subordinates appeared. Investigators argued that Berezhnoy could not have been unaware of these crimes. Employees of the secret design bureau, judging by the results of the investigation, on a large scale appropriated the inventory items allocated for the bureau, mainly the Soviet shortage of that time: from furniture and televisions to imported film and photographic film. Based on these facts, a criminal case was initiated. The total amount of damage caused to the state amounted to over 20 thousand rubles.

Main versions of the assassination attempt

This murder is called the first contract killing in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy occupied a high position in Kuibyshev; he was expected to become secretary of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to poison himself, the other stuck a knife in himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshev judge A. A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the proceedings of this case, assured in his interview with Volzhskaya Kommuna that Berezhnoy clearly helped to write off valuables. According to one version, voiced in the film “Bomb for the Chief Designer” on behalf of former designers who worked at KKBAS, the contract killing was connected specifically with the illegal activities of the design bureau. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by Kuibyshev’s party elite; supposedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, intending to transport certain cargo on it.

“Samara Review” also gives an exotic hypothesis for the murder of Berezhny, which is connected with L. I. Brezhnev’s beloved flight attendant. The only person involved in the criminal case initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS who has survived to this day, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply removed for show so that other prominent Soviet designers “kept their heads down.” Allegedly, the Americans were very interested in the Glissada system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the USA. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special about the Glissade; moreover, its parameters were once published by Pravda.

In the end, no one was charged with the murder of I.A. Berezhny (they were cleared of one of the chief designer’s subordinates, who was later convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film “Bomb for the Chief Designer” requested information about the criminal case initiated on the basis of murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General’s Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who killed the chief designer and why in 1981 remain unanswered today.

Fell into a "trap"
This is what the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Yuri Andropov reported to the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev about a high-profile emergency in the capital: “February 4, 1981 at about 7:30 p.m. on the street. Kirov in Moscow, in his official car, while opening an explosive device of the “trap” type, camouflaged as a box of medicines and transferred through employees, the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS) of the Ministry was killed by the explosion. aviation industry USSR Berezhnoy Igor Aleksandrovich, born in 1934, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of KuAI.
Due to the fact that Berezhnoy was a candidate member of the Kuibyshev city committee of the CPSU, a deputy of the city council and the head of the KKBAS, engaged in the development of important defense topics, a criminal case into his death was opened on February 5, 1981 by the Investigative Department of the KGB of the USSR. Taking into account the identity of the deceased and the circumstances of his death, several investigative versions have been put forward and are being studied in the case.”
There is nothing like this either in Kuibyshev, or in Moscow, or in general in the USSR for all the years Soviet power never happened. For a “secret” scientist to be physically eliminated in our country, and even in such an exotic way - the KGB could not imagine this even in their worst nightmare.

but on the other hand
However, in those years, almost no one knew about the second side of Igor Berezhny’s life, which was carefully hidden from the public eye - about his participation in fraud under the guise of the KKBAS sign. It is possible that no one would have known about this if the above-mentioned emergency had not happened. After the explosion in the car and the death of the designer, the State Security Committee took up the affairs of the KKBAS closely. Based on the fact of the emergency, criminal case No. 59 was opened here, which the security officers themselves called “Trap”.
And the results of the first checks shocked even the KGB leadership. During the subsequent audit in financial and economic activity Numerous abuses have surfaced at the Bureau. As a result, the USSR Prosecutor's Office opened another criminal case on August 25, 1981 - first under Art. 170 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (abuse official position), and then according to Art. 93-1 (theft of state property on an especially large scale).
It turned out that the management of KKBAS simply wrote off inventory items purchased using budget funds. The head of the technical department of the design bureau, 47-year-old Gennady Nerozya, his deputy, 28-year-old Vladimir Nekhoroshev, the photographer of the same department, 32-year-old Mikhail Tsygankov, and the head of the special technical bureau of KKBAS in Moscow, 58-year-old Solomon Berenshtein, were involved in this.
All of the above scammers were supposed to be arrested on the same day, but Tsygankov drank a lethal dose of dichloroethane before his arrest. During the arrest, Nerozya also tried to commit suicide, stabbing himself in the stomach in front of the investigator, but he was immediately taken to the hospital, where doctors saved his life. Nekhoroshev was soon released from the pre-trial detention center on his own recognizance, since the investigation considered that the total volume of abuses he had committed was not too large.
It turned out that Nerozy, who, being a financially responsible person, wrote off and then sold at a good price literally everything that came to his hand: large quantities of imported Kodak film, Orvo-Chrome and Orvo-Chrome photographic films. Color", imported color photo paper and chemicals, and so on. Tsygankov helped him sell off the written-off deficit.
In addition, by mutual conspiracy, the thieves converted into cash other material assets regularly purchased by KKBAS - televisions, projectors, furniture, ethyl alcohol, spare parts, fabric, etc. In total, during 1976-1981, scammers were able to steal state property for a total amount of 21,266 rubles. Huge money for those times, considering that the average salary of an engineer did not exceed 120 rubles per month.
As for the role of Igor Berezhny himself, the investigator for particularly important cases of the USSR Prosecutor’s Office Nikolai Antipov issued the following resolution: “... Berezhny’s actions... contain signs of a crime under Art. 92 part 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR.” However, here the investigator ruled: “A criminal case against Berezhny Igor Aleksandrovich will cease further proceedings due to the death of the latter.”

Prosecutor's decision
But, of course, most of all the investigation was interested in another question: who exactly and, most importantly, why was it necessary to eliminate Igor Berezhny? From the materials available in the case, it is clear that the KGB of the USSR almost immediately ruled out the possible participation of foreign intelligence services in the case. Therefore, they began to look for the cause of the emergency in Kuibyshev, within the KKBAS.
But the first culprits of the incident were named only three years after Berezhny’s death. The resolution of the Investigative Department of the KGB of the USSR dated January 30, 1984 states this as follows: “... it was established that the homemade explosive device was handed over to Berezhny... through other persons by Nerozya, who admitted that he had committed a crime on domestic grounds. In this regard, he was charged under paragraph “d” of Art. 102 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR" (premeditated murder under aggravating circumstances. - V.E.). After this, all materials about the explosion were separated from the general criminal case and transferred to further actions from the KGB of the USSR to the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR.
It would seem that the investigation into the emergency is almost completed. The main criminal has been identified, and now only a few formalities need to be settled and the case brought to court. However, on November 12, 1984, the USSR Prosecutor's Office issued a resolution... to terminate this criminal case due to the “lack of proof of the charges brought against Nerosa.”
The author of these lines was unable to find any information about whether the search for those responsible for the murder of the head of the secret Kuibyshev Design Bureau continued after this in the Union Prosecutor's Office. However, it is obvious that even if the investigation continued, it did not lead to the capture of any other criminals.

Killer unknown
In the spring of 1985, the criminal case against Nerosi, Nekhoroshev and Berenshtein for theft of state property on an especially large scale was transferred to the Kuibyshev special court. So in Soviet time special units were named in the structure of all regional courts of the USSR, where criminal cases were heard, in which secret enterprises appeared in one way or another. Judge Alexander Shchupakov, who at that time held the position of chairman of the special court, took over the proceedings in this case. But despite the fact that at that time he only considered materials about thefts, Shchupakov developed his own version of the murder of Igor Berezhny.
“There is no doubt that Berezhnoy was aware of most of the abuses happening at KKBAS,” says Alexander Anatolyevich. - After all, it was he who endorsed many acts for the write-off of material assets. At the same time, I believe that the main organizer of the thefts was not Nerozya at all, but Berenstein, whose role during the investigation turned out to be very blurred.
One day, the head of the KKBAS received information that the regional KGB department was very interested in his department. And this meant that these actions received permission from Moscow. Local initiative in such matters was completely excluded. Then Berezhnoy ordered to stop the theft at least for a while. However, his henchmen balked. But Berezhnoy insisted, and the robbers decided: so as not to be disturbed, the boss should be physically eliminated. Which was done on February 4, 1981.
A reasonable question arises here: why was his murder never solved? After all, this matter was handled not by anyone but the all-powerful KGB. My opinion on this matter is this. As can be seen from the case, in 1984, the investigation into the murder was taken from the hands of the KGB and transferred to the prosecutor's office, whose leadership then received instructions from above not to establish the identity of the customer. It’s just that someone really didn’t want the investigation to turn on the “big people” from Moscow involved in the thefts at KKBAS.
It remains to add that in August 1985, according to the verdict of the Kuibyshev special court, Gennady Nerozya received 10 years, and Solomon Berenstein - 8 years in prison. Vladimir Nekhoroshev got off with three years probation. A year later, the Supreme Court of the USSR reduced the sentence for Berenstein to 6 years.

Dossier
Berezhnoy Igor Aleksandrovich, born on April 21, 1934 in Samara. From 1951 to 1957 he studied at Kuibyshevsky aviation institute, then worked here in different departments. Already at that time Berezhnoy showed himself to be a talented experimenter. In 1966, he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and soon, with the assistance of Tupolev, Antonov, Myasishchev and others, the Aircraft and Helicopter Chassis Design Bureau was created as part of the Kuibyshev Aggregate Production Association - specifically “for Berezhny.” In 1971 he successfully defended doctoral dissertation, and in 1972, on the basis of the above-mentioned OKB, KKBAS was formed. Berezhnoy headed this bureau until his death. He was the author of more than 200 scientific works, many inventions and scientific and technical developments, the most famous of which was the Glidesada laser aircraft landing system.