What is the name of the largest number in the world? What are the largest numbers in the world called?
The world of science is simply amazing with its knowledge. However, even the most brilliant person in the world will not be able to comprehend them all. But you need to strive for this. That is why in this article I would like to figure out what the largest number is.
About systems
First of all, it is necessary to say that there are two systems for naming numbers in the world: American and English. Depending on this, the same number can be called differently, although it has the same meaning. And at the very beginning, you need to deal with these nuances in order to avoid uncertainty and confusion.
American system
It will be interesting that this system used not only in America and Canada, but also in Russia. In addition, it also has its own scientific name: a system for naming numbers with a short scale. What are large numbers called in this system? So, the secret is quite simple. At the very beginning there will be a Latin ordinal number, after which the well-known suffix “-million” will simply be added. The following fact will be interesting: when translated from Latin, the number “million” can be translated as “thousands”. The following numbers belong to the American system: a trillion is 10 12, a quintillion is 10 18, an octillion is 10 27, etc. It will also be easy to figure out how many zeros are written in the number. To do this, you need to know a simple formula: 3*x + 3 (where “x” in the formula is a Latin numeral).
English system
However, despite the simplicity of the American system, the English system is still more widespread in the world, which is a system for naming numbers with a long scale. Since 1948, it has been used in countries such as France, Great Britain, Spain, as well as in countries - former colonies England and Spain. The construction of numbers here is also quite simple: the suffix “-million” is added to the Latin designation. Further, if the number is 1000 times larger, the suffix “-billion” is added. How can you find out the number of hidden zeros in a number?
- If the number ends in “-million”, you will need the formula 6 * x + 3 (“x” is a Latin numeral).
- If the number ends in “-billion”, you will need the formula 6 * x + 6 (where “x”, again, is a Latin numeral).
Examples
At this stage, as an example, we can consider how the same numbers will be called, but on a different scale.
You can easily see that the same name in different systems stands for different numbers. For example, a trillion. Therefore, when considering a number, you still first need to find out according to what system it is written.
Extra-system numbers
It is worth saying that, in addition to system ones, there are also non-system numbers. Perhaps the largest number was lost among them? It's worth looking into this.
- Googol. This is the number ten to the hundredth power, that is, one followed by one hundred zeros (10,100). This number was first mentioned back in 1938 by scientist Edward Kasner. Very interesting fact: The worldwide search engine Google is named after a rather large number at that time - googol. And the name was invented by Kasner’s young nephew.
- Asankheya. This is very interesting name, which is translated from Sanskrit as “innumerable.” Its numerical value is one with 140 zeros - 10 140. The following fact will be interesting: this was known to people back in 100 BC. e., as evidenced by the entry in the Jaina Sutra, a famous Buddhist treatise. This number was considered special, because it was believed that the same number of cosmic cycles was needed to achieve nirvana. Also at that time this number was considered the largest.
- Googolplex. This number was invented by the same Edward Kasner and his aforementioned nephew. Its numerical designation is ten to the tenth power, which, in turn, consists of the hundredth power (i.e. ten to the googolplex power). The scientist also said that in this way you can get as large a number as you want: googoltetraplex, googolhexaplex, googoloctaplex, googoldecaplex, etc.
- Graham's number is G. This is the largest number, recognized as such in the recent 1980 by the Guinness Book of Records. It is significantly larger than the googolplex and its derivatives. And scientists even said that the entire Universe is not able to contain the whole decimal notation Graham numbers.
- Moser number, Skewes number. These numbers are also considered one of the largest and they are most often used when solving various hypotheses and theorems. And since these numbers cannot be written down using generally accepted laws, each scientist does it in his own way.
Latest Developments
However, it is still worth saying that there is no limit to perfection. And many scientists believed and still believe that the largest number has not yet been found. And, of course, the honor of doing this will fall to them. On this project long time An American scientist from Missouri worked, his works were crowned with success. On January 25, 2012, he found the new largest number in the world, which consists of seventeen million digits (which is the 49th Mersenne number). Note: until this time, the largest number was considered to be the one found by the computer in 2008; it had 12 thousand digits and looked like this: 2 43112609 - 1.
Not for the first time
It is worth saying that this has been confirmed by scientific researchers. This number went through three levels of verification by three scientists on different computers, which took a full 39 days. However, this is not the first achievement in such a search by an American scientist. He had previously revealed the biggest numbers. This happened in 2005 and 2006. In 2008, the computer interrupted Curtis Cooper’s streak of victories, but in 2012 he still regained the palm and the well-deserved title of discoverer.
About the system
How does this all happen, how do scientists find the largest numbers? So, today most of the work is done by the computer. In this case, Cooper used distributed computing. What does it mean? These calculations are carried out by programs installed on the computers of Internet users who voluntarily decided to take part in the study. As part of this project, 14 Mersenne numbers, named after the French mathematician, were defined (these are prime numbers that are divisible only by themselves and one). In the form of a formula, it looks like this: M n = 2 n - 1 (“n” in this formula is a natural number).
About bonuses
A logical question may arise: what makes scientists work in this direction? So, this, of course, is passion and the desire to be a pioneer. However, there are bonuses here too: Curtis Cooper received a cash prize of $3,000 for his brainchild. But that's not all. The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) encourages such searches and promises to immediately award cash prizes of $150,000 and $250,000 to those who submit prime numbers consisting of 100 million and a billion numbers. So there is no doubt that a huge number of scientists around the world are working in this direction today.
Simple conclusions
So what's the biggest number today? At the moment, it has been found by an American scientist from the University of Missouri, Curtis Cooper, which can be written as follows: 2 57885161 - 1. Moreover, it is also the 48th number of the French mathematician Mersenne. But it is worth saying that there can be no end to this search. And it will not be surprising if, after a certain time, scientists provide us with the next newly discovered largest number in the world for consideration. There is no doubt that this will happen in the very near future.
Countless different numbers surround us every day. Surely many people have at least once wondered what number is considered the largest. You can simply say to a child that this is a million, but adults understand perfectly well that other numbers follow a million. For example, all you have to do is add one to a number each time, and it will become larger and larger - this happens ad infinitum. But if you look at the numbers that have names, you can find out what the largest number in the world is called.
The appearance of number names: what methods are used?
Today there are 2 systems according to which names are given to numbers - American and English. The first is quite simple, and the second is the most common throughout the world. The American one allows you to give names to large numbers as follows: first, the ordinal number in Latin is indicated, and then the suffix “million” is added (the exception here is million, meaning a thousand). This system is used by Americans, French, Canadians, and it is also used in our country.
English is widely used in England and Spain. According to it, numbers are named as follows: the numeral in Latin is “plus” with the suffix “illion”, and the next (a thousand times larger) number is “plus” “billion”. For example, the trillion comes first, the trillion comes after it, the quadrillion comes after the quadrillion, etc.
So, the same number in various systems can mean different things, for example, an American billion in the English system is called a billion.
Extra-system numbers
In addition to the numbers that are written according to the known systems (given above), there are also non-systemic ones. They have their own names, which do not include Latin prefixes.
You can start considering them with a number called a myriad. It is defined as one hundred hundreds (10000). But according to its intended purpose, this word is not used, but is used as an indication of an innumerable multitude. Even Dahl's dictionary will kindly provide a definition of such a number.
Next after the myriad is a googol, denoting 10 to the power of 100. This name was first used in 1938 by the American mathematician E. Kasner, who noted that this name was invented by his nephew.
Google (search engine) got its name in honor of googol. Then 1 with a googol of zeros (1010100) represents a googolplex - Kasner also came up with this name.
Even larger than the googolplex is the Skuse number (e to the power of e to the power of e79), proposed by Skuse in his proof of the Rimmann conjecture about prime numbers (1933). There is another Skuse number, but it is used when the Rimmann hypothesis is not true. Which one is greater is quite difficult to say, especially when it comes to large degrees. However, this number, despite its “hugeness,” cannot be considered the very best of all those that have their own names.
And the leader among the most large numbers in the world is the Graham number (G64). It was he who was used for the first time to conduct evidence in the field mathematical science(1977).
When it comes to such a number, you need to know that you cannot do without a special 64-level system created by Knuth - the reason for this is the connection of the number G with bichromatic hypercubes. Knuth invented the superdegree, and in order to make it convenient to record it, he proposed the use of up arrows. So we found out what the largest number in the world is called. It is worth noting that this number G was included in the pages of the famous Book of Records.
Many people are interested in questions about what large numbers are called and what number is the largest in the world. We will deal with these interesting questions in this article.
Story
Southern and eastern Slavic peoples Alphabetical numbering was used to record numbers, and only those letters that are in the Greek alphabet. A special “title” icon was placed above the letter that designated the number. The numerical values of the letters increased in the same order as the letters in the Greek alphabet (in the Slavic alphabet the order of the letters was slightly different). In Russia, Slavic numbering was preserved until the end of the 17th century, and under Peter I they switched to “Arabic numbering,” which we still use today.
The names of the numbers also changed. Thus, until the 15th century, the number “twenty” was designated as “two tens” (two tens), and then it was shortened for faster pronunciation. The number 40 was called “fourty” until the 15th century, then it was replaced by the word “forty,” which originally meant a bag containing 40 squirrel or sable skins. The name “million” appeared in Italy in 1500. It was formed by adding an augmentative suffix to the number “mille” (thousand). Later this name came to the Russian language.
In the ancient (18th century) “Arithmetic” of Magnitsky, a table of the names of numbers is given, brought to the “quadrillion” (10^24, according to the system through 6 digits). Perelman Ya.I. the book “Entertaining Arithmetic” gives the names of large numbers of that time, slightly different from today: septillion (10^42), octalion (10^48), nonalion (10^54), decalion (10^60), endecalion (10^ 66), dodecalion (10^72) and it is written that “there are no further names.”
Ways to construct names for large numbers
There are 2 main ways to name large numbers:
- American system, which is used in the USA, Russia, France, Canada, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Brazil. The names of large numbers are constructed quite simply: in the beginning is coming Latin ordinal number, and the suffix “-million” is added to it at the end. An exception is the number “million,” which is the name of the number thousand (mille) and the augmentative suffix “-million.” The number of zeros in a number, which is written according to the American system, can be found out by the formula: 3x+3, where x is the Latin ordinal number
- English system most common in the world, it is used in Germany, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Portugal. The names of numbers according to this system are constructed as follows: the suffix “-million” is added to the Latin numeral, the next number (1000 times larger) is the same Latin numeral, but the suffix “-billion” is added. The number of zeros in a number, which is written according to the English system and ends with the suffix “-million,” can be found out by the formula: 6x+3, where x is the Latin ordinal number. The number of zeros in numbers ending with the suffix “-billion” can be found using the formula: 6x+6, where x is the Latin ordinal number.
Only the word billion passed from the English system into the Russian language, which is still more correctly called as the Americans call it - billion (since the Russian language uses the American system for naming numbers).
In addition to numbers that are written according to the American or English system using Latin prefixes, non-system numbers are known that have their own names without Latin prefixes.
Proper names for large numbers
| Number | Latin numeral | Name | Practical significance | |
| 10 1 | 10 | ten | Number of fingers on 2 hands | |
| 10 2 | 100 | one hundred | About half the number of all states on Earth | |
| 10 3 | 1000 | thousand | Approximate number of days in 3 years | |
| 10 6 | 1000 000 | unus (I) | million | 5 times more than the number of drops per 10 liter. bucket of water |
| 10 9 | 1000 000 000 | duo (II) | billion (billion) | Estimated Population of India |
| 10 12 | 1000 000 000 000 | tres (III) | trillion | |
| 10 15 | 1000 000 000 000 000 | quattor (IV) | quadrillion | 1/30 of the length of a parsec in meters |
| 10 18 | quinque (V) | quintillion | 1/18th of the number of grains from the legendary award to the inventor of chess | |
| 10 21 | sex (VI) | sextillion | 1/6 of the mass of planet Earth in tons | |
| 10 24 | septem (VII) | septillion | Number of molecules in 37.2 liters of air | |
| 10 27 | octo (VIII) | octillion | Half of Jupiter's mass in kilograms | |
| 10 30 | novem (IX) | quintillion | 1/5 of all microorganisms on the planet | |
| 10 33 | decem (X) | decillion | Half the mass of the Sun in grams | |
- Vigintillion (from Latin viginti - twenty) - 10 63
- Centillion (from Latin centum - one hundred) - 10,303
- Million (from Latin mille - thousand) - 10 3003
For numbers greater than a thousand, the Romans did not have their own names (all names for numbers were then composite).
Compound names of large numbers
In addition to proper names, for numbers greater than 10 33 you can obtain compound names by combining prefixes.
Compound names of large numbers
| Number | Latin numeral | Name | Practical significance |
| 10 36 | undecim (XI) | andecillion | |
| 10 39 | duodecim (XII) | duodecillion | |
| 10 42 | tredecim (XIII) | thredecillion | 1/100 of the number of air molecules on Earth |
| 10 45 | quattuordecim (XIV) | quattordecillion | |
| 10 48 | quindecim (XV) | quindecillion | |
| 10 51 | sedecim (XVI) | sexdecillion | |
| 10 54 | septendecim (XVII) | septemdecillion | |
| 10 57 | octodecillion | So many elementary particles in the sun | |
| 10 60 | novemdecillion | ||
| 10 63 | viginti (XX) | vigintillion | |
| 10 66 | unus et viginti (XXI) | anvigintillion | |
| 10 69 | duo et viginti (XXII) | duovigintillion | |
| 10 72 | tres et viginti (XXIII) | trevigintillion | |
| 10 75 | quattorvigintillion | ||
| 10 78 | quinvigintillion | ||
| 10 81 | sexvigintillion | So many elementary particles in the universe | |
| 10 84 | septemvigintillion | ||
| 10 87 | octovigintillion | ||
| 10 90 | novemvigintillion | ||
| 10 93 | triginta (XXX) | trigintillion | |
| 10 96 | antigintillion |
- 10 123 - quadragintillion
- 10 153 — quinquagintillion
- 10 183 — sexagintillion
- 10,213 - septuagintillion
- 10,243 — octogintillion
- 10,273 — nonagintillion
- 10 303 - centillion
Further names can be obtained by direct or reverse order of Latin numerals (which is correct is not known):
- 10 306 - ancentillion or centunillion
- 10 309 - duocentillion or centullion
- 10 312 - trcentillion or centtrillion
- 10 315 - quattorcentillion or centquadrillion
- 10 402 - tretrigyntacentillion or centretrigintillion
The second spelling is more consistent with the construction of numerals in Latin and avoids ambiguities (for example, in the number trcentillion, which according to the first spelling is both 10,903 and 10,312).
- 10 603 - decentillion
- 10,903 - trcentillion
- 10 1203 - quadringentillion
- 10 1503 — quingentillion
- 10 1803 - sescentillion
- 10 2103 - septingentillion
- 10 2403 - octingentillion
- 10 2703 — nongentillion
- 10 3003 - million
- 10 6003 - duo-million
- 10 9003 - three million
- 10 15003 — quinquemillillion
- 10 308760 -ion
- 10 3000003 — mimiliaillion
- 10 6000003 — duomimiliaillion
Myriad– 10,000. The name is outdated and practically not used. However, the word “myriads” is widely used, which does not mean a specific number, but an innumerable, uncountable number of something.
Googol ( English . googol) — 10 100. The American mathematician Edward Kasner first wrote about this number in 1938 in the journal Scripta Mathematica in the article “New Names in Mathematics.” According to him, his 9-year-old nephew Milton Sirotta suggested calling the number this way. This number became publicly known thanks to the Google search engine named after it.
Asankheya(from Chinese asentsi - uncountable) - 10 1 4 0 . This number is found in the famous Buddhist treatise Jaina Sutra (100 BC). It is believed that this number is equal to the number of cosmic cycles required to achieve nirvana.
Googolplex ( English . Googolplex) — 10^10^100. This number was also invented by Edward Kasner and his nephew; it means one followed by a googol of zeros.
Skewes number (Skewes' number, Sk 1) means e to the power of e to the power of e to the power of 79, that is, e^e^e^79. This number was proposed by Skewes in 1933 (Skewes. J. London Math. Soc. 8, 277-283, 1933.) when proving the Riemann hypothesis concerning prime numbers. Later, Riele (te Riele, H. J. J. “On the Sign of the Difference П(x)-Li(x).” Math. Comput. 48, 323-328, 1987) reduced the Skuse number to e^e^27/4, which is approximately equal to 8.185·10^370. However, this number is not an integer, so it is not included in the table of large numbers.
Second Skuse number (Sk2) equals 10^10^10^10^3, that is, 10^10^10^1000. This number was introduced by J. Skuse in the same article to indicate the number up to which the Riemann hypothesis is valid.
For super-large numbers it is inconvenient to use powers, so there are several ways to write numbers - Knuth, Conway, Steinhouse notations, etc.
Hugo Steinhouse suggested writing large numbers inside geometric shapes(triangle, square and circle).
Mathematician Leo Moser refined Steinhouse's notation, proposing to draw pentagons, then hexagons, etc. after squares rather than circles. Moser also proposed a formal notation for these polygons so that the numbers could be written without drawing complex pictures.
Steinhouse came up with two new super-large numbers: Mega and Megiston. In Moser notation they are written as follows: Mega – 2, Megiston– 10. Leo Moser also proposed to call a polygon with the number of sides equal to mega – megagon, and also proposed the number “2 in Megagon” - 2. The last number is known as Moser's number or just like Moser.
There are numbers larger than Moser. The largest number that has been used in a mathematical proof is number Graham(Graham's number). It was first used in 1977 to prove an estimate in Ramsey theory. This number is associated with bichromatic hypercubes and cannot be expressed without a special 64-level system of special mathematical symbols introduced by Knuth in 1976. Donald Knuth (who wrote “The Art of Programming” and created the TeX editor) came up with the concept of superpower, which he proposed to write with arrows pointing up:
In general
Graham proposed G-numbers:
The number G 63 is called Graham's number, often denoted simply G. This number is the largest known number in the world and is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
Answering such a difficult question as to what it is, the largest number in the world, it should first be noted that today there are 2 accepted ways of naming numbers - English and American. According to the English system, the suffixes -billion or -million are added to each large number in order, resulting in the numbers million, billion, trillion, trillion, and so on. If we proceed from the American system, then according to it, the suffix -million must be added to each large number, resulting in the formation of the numbers trillion, quadrillion and large ones. It should also be noted here that the English number system is more common in modern world, and the numbers in it are quite sufficient for the normal functioning of all systems of our world.
Of course, the answer to the question about the largest number from a logical point of view cannot be unambiguous, because if you just add one to each subsequent digit, you get a new larger number, therefore, this process has no limit. However, oddly enough, there is still the largest number in the world and it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
Graham's number is the largest number in the world
It is this number that is recognized in the world as the largest in the Book of Records, but it is very difficult to explain what it is and how large it is. IN in a general sense, these are triplets multiplied together, resulting in a number that is 64 orders of magnitude higher than the point of understanding of each person. As a result, we can only give the final 50 digits of Graham's number – 0322234872396701848518 64390591045756272 62464195387.
Googol number 
The history of this number is not as complex as the one mentioned above. Thus, the American mathematician Edward Kasner, talking with his nephews about large numbers, could not answer the question of how to name numbers that have 100 zeros or more. A resourceful nephew suggested his own name for such numbers - googol. It should be noted that large practical significance this number does not, however, it is sometimes used in mathematics to express infinity.
Googleplex 
This number was also invented by mathematician Edward Kasner and his nephew Milton Sirotta. In a general sense, it represents a number to the tenth power of a googol. Answering the question of many inquisitive people, how many zeros are in the Googleplex, it is worth noting that in the classical version there is no way to represent this number, even if you cover all the paper on the planet with classical zeros.
Skewes number 
Another contender for the title of largest number is the Skewes number, proven by John Littwood in 1914. According to the evidence given, this number is approximately 8.185 10370.
Moser number 
This method of naming very large numbers was invented by Hugo Steinhaus, who proposed denoting them by polygons. As a result of three mathematical operations performed, the number 2 is born in a megagon (a polygon with mega sides).
As you can already see, a huge number of mathematicians have made efforts to find it - greatest number in the world. The extent to which these attempts were successful, of course, is not for us to judge, however, it must be noted that the real applicability of such numbers is doubtful, because they are not even amenable to human understanding. In addition, there will always be a number that will be greater if you perform a very simple mathematical operation +1.
Back in the fourth grade, I was interested in the question: “What are numbers greater than a billion called? And why?” Since then, I have been looking for all the information on this issue for a long time and collecting it bit by bit. But with the advent of Internet access, searching has accelerated significantly. Now I present all the information I found so that others can answer the question: “What are large and very large numbers called?”
A little history
The southern and eastern Slavic peoples used alphabetical numbering to record numbers. Moreover, for the Russians, not all letters played the role of numbers, but only those that are in the Greek alphabet. A special “title” icon was placed above the letter indicating the number. At the same time, the numerical values of the letters increased in the same order as the letters in the Greek alphabet (the order of the letters of the Slavic alphabet was slightly different).
In Russia, Slavic numbering was preserved until the end of the 17th century. Under Peter I, the so-called “Arabic numbering” prevailed, which we still use today.
There were also changes in the names of numbers. For example, until the 15th century, the number "twenty" was written as "two tens" (two tens), but was then shortened for faster pronunciation. Until the 15th century, the number "forty" was denoted by the word "fourty", and in the 15th-16th centuries this word was replaced by the word "forty", which originally meant a bag in which 40 squirrel or sable skins were placed. There are two options about the origin of the word “thousand”: from the old name “thick hundred” or from a modification of the Latin word centum - “hundred”.
The name “million” first appeared in Italy in 1500 and was formed by adding an augmentative suffix to the number “mille” - a thousand (i.e., it meant “big thousand”), it penetrated into the Russian language later, and before that the same meaning in in Russian it was designated by the number "leodr". The word “billion” came into use only since the Franco-Prussian War (1871), when the French had to pay Germany an indemnity of 5,000,000,000 francs. Like "million," the word "billion" comes from the root "thousand" with the addition of an Italian magnifying suffix. In Germany and America for some time the word “billion” meant the number 100,000,000; This explains that the word billionaire was used in America before any of the rich people had $1,000,000,000. In the ancient (18th century) “Arithmetic” of Magnitsky, a table of the names of numbers is given, brought to the “quadrillion” (10^24, according to the system through 6 digits). Perelman Ya.I. in the book "Entertaining Arithmetic" the names of large numbers of that time are given, slightly different from today's: septillion (10^42), octalion (10^48), nonalion (10^54), decalion (10^60), endecalion (10^ 66), dodecalion (10^72) and it is written that “there are no further names.”
Principles for constructing names and a list of large numbers
All names of large numbers are constructed in a fairly simple way: at the beginning there is a Latin ordinal number, and at the end the suffix -million is added to it. An exception is the name "million" which is the name of the number thousand (mille) and the augmentative suffix -million. There are two main types of names for large numbers in the world:
system 3x+3 (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is used in Russia, France, USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, Brazil, Greece
and the 6x system (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is most common in the world (for example: Spain, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Poland, Czech Republic, Sweden, Denmark, Finland). In it, the missing intermediate 6x+3 end with the suffix -billion (from it we borrowed billion, which is also called billion).
Below is a general list of numbers used in Russia:
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | Magnifying attachment SI | Diminishing prefix SI | Practical significance |
| 10 1 | ten | deca- | deci- | Number of fingers on 2 hands | |
| 10 2 | one hundred | hecto- | centi- | About half the number of all states on Earth | |
| 10 3 | thousand | kilo- | Milli- | Approximate number of days in 3 years | |
| 10 6 | million | unus (I) | mega- | micro- | 5 times the number of drops in a 10 liter bucket of water |
| 10 9 | billion (billion) | duo (II) | giga- | nano- | Estimated Population of India |
| 10 12 | trillion | tres (III) | tera- | pico- | 1/13 of Russia's gross domestic product in rubles for 2003 |
| 10 15 | quadrillion | quattor (IV) | peta- | femto- | 1/30 of the length of a parsec in meters |
| 10 18 | quintillion | quinque (V) | exa- | atto- | 1/18th of the number of grains from the legendary award to the inventor of chess |
| 10 21 | sextillion | sex (VI) | zetta- | ceto- | 1/6 of the mass of planet Earth in tons |
| 10 24 | septillion | septem (VII) | yotta- | yocto- | Number of molecules in 37.2 liters of air |
| 10 27 | octillion | octo (VIII) | nah- | sieve- | Half of Jupiter's mass in kilograms |
| 10 30 | quintillion | novem (IX) | dea- | threado- | 1/5 of all microorganisms on the planet |
| 10 33 | decillion | decem (X) | una- | revolution | Half the mass of the Sun in grams |
The pronunciation of the numbers that follow often differs.
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | Practical significance |
| 10 36 | andecillion | undecim (XI) | |
| 10 39 | duodecillion | duodecim (XII) | |
| 10 42 | thredecillion | tredecim (XIII) | 1/100 of the number of air molecules on Earth |
| 10 45 | quattordecillion | quattuordecim (XIV) | |
| 10 48 | quindecillion | quindecim (XV) | |
| 10 51 | sexdecillion | sedecim (XVI) | |
| 10 54 | septemdecillion | septendecim (XVII) | |
| 10 57 | octodecillion | So many elementary particles on the Sun | |
| 10 60 | novemdecillion | ||
| 10 63 | vigintillion | viginti (XX) | |
| 10 66 | anvigintillion | unus et viginti (XXI) | |
| 10 69 | duovigintillion | duo et viginti (XXII) | |
| 10 72 | trevigintillion | tres et viginti (XXIII) | |
| 10 75 | quattorvigintillion | ||
| 10 78 | quinvigintillion | ||
| 10 81 | sexvigintillion | So many elementary particles in the universe | |
| 10 84 | septemvigintillion | ||
| 10 87 | octovigintillion | ||
| 10 90 | novemvigintillion | ||
| 10 93 | trigintillion | triginta (XXX) | |
| 10 96 | antigintillion |
- ...
- 10,100 - googol (the number was invented by the 9-year-old nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner)
- 10 123 - quadragintillion (quadraginta, XL)
- 10 153 - quinquagintillion (quinquaginta, L)
- 10 183 - sexagintillion (sexaginta, LX)
- 10,213 - septuagintillion (septuaginta, LXX)
- 10,243 - octogintillion (octoginta, LXXX)
- 10,273 - nonagintillion (nonaginta, XC)
- 10 303 - centillion (Centum, C)
- 10 306 - ancentillion or centunillion
- 10 309 - duocentillion or centullion
- 10 312 - trecentillion or centtrillion
- 10 315 - quattorcentillion or centquadrillion
- 10 402 - tretrigyntacentillion or centretrigyntillion
The numbers follow:
Some literary references:
- Perelman Ya.I. "Fun arithmetic." - M.: Triada-Litera, 1994, pp. 134-140
- Vygodsky M.Ya. "Handbook of Elementary Mathematics". - St. Petersburg, 1994, pp. 64-65
- "Encyclopedia of Knowledge". - comp. IN AND. Korotkevich. - St. Petersburg: Sova, 2006, p. 257
- “Interesting about physics and mathematics.” - Quantum Library. issue 50. - M.: Nauka, 1988, p. 50