In what year was Mikhail Yurievich. Biography of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Briefly. The most important. Film adaptations of works, theatrical productions

Role and place in literature

Lermontov's poetry was considered by contemporaries to be a “new link” in historical development Russian society. The author protested against the oppression of the common people and the infringement thinking people in a feudal-autocratic state.

The peculiarity of Lermontov’s creativity is the fusion of socio-political and personal motives. The poet influenced the work of many other poets and writers.

Origin and early years

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on October 3, 1814 in Russian Empire(Moscow). The origin of the future poet is amazing: his family goes back to Scotland. And the legendary prophet-bard Thomas Learmonth is considered a great ancestor.

Father - Yuri Petrovich Lermontov, retired infantry captain. He was considered a handsome man, kind, but quick-tempered.

Mother - Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova (nee Arsenyeva) was a rich heiress. She got married at 17 years old. After giving birth, her health deteriorated and her husband lost interest in her. Family life didn't go well.

Mikhail was raised by his grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva. She had a brilliant mind, willpower and business acumen. But, despite her harsh disposition, she did not use physical violence against the serfs, except to shave their hair or cut off their braids.

Lermontov spent his early years at his grandmother’s estate in Tarkhany.

Education

Lermontov received his primary education by studying at home. In the period from 1828 to 1830, he studied at a university boarding school in Moscow.

In 1830, the future poet entered Moscow University. At first he studies at the moral and political faculty, and then at the verbal faculty.

After graduating from university, Mikhail spends several years at the School of Guards Ensigns in St. Petersburg. In 1834, service began in the Hussar Regiment.

Creation

Lermontov becomes known to a wide circle of the public after the release of a poem dedicated to A. Pushkin. In it, the author reproached the authorities for the premature departure of the genius. Lermontov was sent into exile for his bold work. And only thanks to the grandmother’s request, the poet’s punishment was commuted. On the way to the Caucasus, Mikhail visited Moscow, where he wrote “Borodino” (1837).

Lermontov's lyrics are special; they convey alienation and at the same time a sense of social responsibility. And Mikhail Lermontov’s prose is a true picture of Russian society of that time.

Main work

Lermontov’s main work is considered to be the novel “A Hero of Our Time.” The author worked on it during 1838-1840. It consists of five original stories connected by one person. The idea of ​​the work is to show the evils of society in the person of the main character. The lyrical and psychological novel became a great discovery for Russian literature of that time.

Last years

Mikhail Lermontov was a famous duelist. His last duel was with a fellow student, Martynov. At a social reception, Mikhail made an unflattering joke at his expense - and this became the reason for the duel. On July 15, 1841, at the age of 26, Lermontov was shot.

Chronological table (by dates)

Interesting facts from the life of the writer

• Lermontov was not popular with women. Once because of the girl's refusal, he later took revenge by disrupting her wedding.
• The poet had a daring character and was in a duel more than once.
• Everyone considered Martynov a “slanty shooter,” but it was he who fired the fatal shot at Lermontov.
• Lermontov was not a fussy eater and ate everything indiscriminately. One day his friends decided to play a trick on him and put sawdust in the buns. Mikhail did not notice this and ate it.
• Lermontov was the second cousin of Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin.

Writer's Museum

The Lermontov House-Museum is located on Malaya Molchanka (Moscow). The poet lived here from 1829 to 1832.

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Biography, life story of Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov

The great legend of Russian poetry Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on October 15, 1814 in Moscow into the family of an infantry officer and a noblewoman. His father, Yuri Petrovich, was a retired infantry captain, and his mother came from the Stolypin family. In 1817, at the age of 21, his mother Maria Mikhailovna died suddenly. Subsequently, Mikhail Yuryevich, until the end of his days, could not forget the songs that she sang over his lullaby. He said, “My mother died in tears.”

After the death of his mother, his grandmother E.A. was involved in raising the boy. Arsenyev, on whose estate Lermontov spent his entire childhood. The estate was located in the village of Tarkhany, Penza province. The grandmother loved her grandson very much and surrounded the boy with maximum care. Since the child was sickly from birth and suffered from scrofula almost throughout his childhood, he did not have the opportunity to play with his peers. Therefore, little Mikhail Yuryevich himself came up with various entertainments for himself, which contributed to the development of his imagination, which became his most favorite toy. He was a very developed and romantic child, which was the main source of grief. Unfortunately, none of those around him could understand the “dreams of his soul.” Moreover, no one even noticed them.

At the age of 10, little Mikhail Yuryevich was first taken to the Caucasus, to the waters. There he met his first love. The impressions of this trip remained forever in the heart of the then future poet. This is reflected in the lines “The Caucasian Mountains are sacred to me.”

In 1827, Lermontov entered a university boarding school in Moscow, and three years later, in September 1830, he became a student first in the “moral-political” and then in the “verbal” department of Moscow University. It was his student years that turned out to be the most fruitful for Lermontov in realizing his creative potential as a poet.

In 1832, Lermontov began his studies at the school of guards ensigns, after which he became a cornet of such an honorable military unit as the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. Before starting training at the school for ensigns, the poet wrote the poem “Sail,” which reflected the poet’s restless soul from childhood, which is like a “rebellious sail,” “asking for the storm” in moments of undisturbed peace.

CONTINUED BELOW

As before, the restless genius of the poet either throws himself into gloomy despondency, which has much in common with real depression, or plunges headlong into the passion of love, surrendering to the impulses of passion with all the ardor of youth. These sentiments are fully reflected in the drama “Masquerade,” written during this period of the poet’s life.

In 1837, Lermontov wrote a poem on his death, for which he was almost immediately exiled to the Caucasus. A year later, in 1838, the poet returned to St. Petersburg again. However, this time his stay in the capital was short-lived, and ended in 1840 with a duel with the son of the French ambassador Barante, which resulted in another exile. Like last time, Lermontov went to fight in the Caucasus. Having become a participant in the famous battle of the river. Valerki in Chechnya, the poet was twice nominated for the award, but never received it.

Over time, Lermontov began to publish regularly. One of the poet’s first great successes was the historical poem “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich,” which was published in 1838 without the author’s name, but was not passed by the censor.

Just over two years spent in St. Petersburg became for Lermontov the heyday of his creative talent, which is confirmed by the many works written during that period. Among them are some of his most famous creations - the poems “Poet” and “Testament”, as well as the poem “Mtsyri”. His best poems “No, it’s not you that I love so passionately...”, “Dispute”, “Cliff”, “Leaf” were written in recent months his life. The last work The poet became “The Prophet,” where youthful romanticism, devoid of any contemplation, is filled with tragic expectations. At the same time, intense thought includes individual elements of a realistic perception of the surrounding world, which gradually occupied a significant place in his poetry.

On July 27, 1841, the poet died in another duel, this time with Martynov. Lermontov was buried in Pyatigorsk, but a year later his ashes, at the request of his grandmother, were transported to her estate in Tarkhany and placed in the Arsenyev family crypt.

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov is a Russian prose writer and poet. He was born on October 15, 1814 in Moscow. He is known throughout the world for his works, as well as for the influence that his work had on painting and cinema of that time. He became one of the few authors whose works influenced the formation of writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. He skillfully combined in them personal and philosophical ideas, as well as issues that worried society.

According to unconfirmed reports, the Lermontov family has roots in Scotland, which was repeatedly reflected in the works of Mikhail Yuryevich. In addition, in adolescence he claimed that his family descended from the Italian figure Francisco Lerma. Similar fantasies were later depicted in the work "The Italians".

Interesting facts from the biography of M. Yu. Lermontov

The life of the Lermontov family was constantly filled with scandals and intrigues. Mikhail Lermontov's grandfather often cheated on his wife with a neighbor, whose husband long time I was in another country for work. The grandfather’s life ended tragically: he drank poison when he learned that his mistress’s husband was returning home. After which the estate and serfs, of whom there were already more than 600 people at that time, began to be managed by the grandmother of the future poet, Elizaveta Alekseevna from the Stolypin family.

Mikhail's father lived in a neighboring village, which was located next to the Lermontov estate. This is how he met Maria Arsenyeva (the poet’s mother). Family happiness lasted very little, as frequent betrayals and misunderstandings began. As a result constant stress Lermontov’s mother died at the age of 21 (the girl got married at the age of 17). After which the boy’s father fled, leaving his son to be raised by Elizaveta Alekseevna (grandmother).

Thanks to the clear mind and erudition of his grandmother, who loved her grandson very much, Lermontov received an excellent education at home. She tried to invest everything she could into her grandson, his development and improve his naturally weak health. At the same time, she completely cut off contact with Mikhail’s father, who did not even try to take part in the upbringing. All these events are described in detail in the poet’s work entitled “Menschen und Leidenschaften,” which he wrote as a teenager.

Lermontov was a rather sickly boy who constantly struggled with various serious illnesses. All this is reflected in the story in the work “The Tale”, where the main character is the double of the author himself. Here you can find stories about his interactions with his father and grandmother, memories of his childhood. It also means that to treat and look after the constantly ill boy, the grandmother hired a French doctor, who was involved in restoring the health of young Lermontov.

The childhood years of the future poet

The grandmother took her grandson’s education very seriously, inviting the best teachers on studying foreign languages, literature and exact sciences. Unfortunately, the boy himself did not have a childhood, since all his time was occupied with studying. This is what led to distrust of the world around us and strong disappointment in it, becoming the main “inspiration” for writing numerous works.

Lermontov was very fond of nature and mountains, he was a dreamy and romantic boy who constantly tried to escape from real world in your own mind. Also with early age he became involved in literature. The boy could spend hours reading books by famous authors, which were collected in a huge library in Tarkhany.

Lermontov's further education took place at the Noble University Boarding School, where the boy immediately entered the 4th grade. It was here that he was instilled with a taste for literature and taught to correctly express his experiences through writing. As a result, already in 1829 the first essays of “The Demon” and a large number of poems appeared.

A year later, having become interested in Byron's works, the poet writes the poem "Prediction", in which he compares himself with the English writer. At this time, he also meets the beautiful Natalia, to whom he will later devote more than 30 poems. But their relationship soon ends due to the girl’s betrayal, which is also reflected in the poems, most of which talk about the pain and emotional experiences of the poet.

After entering Moscow University, Lermontov began to attend thematic circles and actively write new works. Here he writes the student drama “Strange Man”, main character which is the embodiment of the author himself. Of course, this was not the only drama Lermontov wrote during his studies, since during this period his talent began to actively mature. But after two years of study, he has to leave his studies at the university and move to St. Petersburg.

Lermontov's adult life

After moving to St. Petersburg, Lermontov again wants to go to university. But they refuse to count him for 2 years of study in Moscow and to enroll again in the 1st year. Under pressure from relatives and grandmother, the young man therefore has to go to the Cavalry School. He would later call the time spent here “ill-fated years,” expressing his experiences in the text of “Junker Prayers” and the novel “Vadim.” At the same time, Lermontov began to become interested in drama, as a result of which numerous works in this genre appeared.

After graduating from college, Mikhail Yuryevich became a cornet in the Hussar Regiment. At that time, he liked to play the role of a tyrant of women’s hearts, which led to the idea of ​​taking revenge on the girl who rejected and treated his lover Lermontov cruelly while still living with his grandmother. A young man breaks up the family of his former lover, after which he abandons her and exposes their romance to the public.

At this time, the author’s works, “Hadji Abrek,” were published for the first time. But the debut was unsuccessful and Lermontov only agreed to publish his works a few years later. "A Hero of Our Time" is the novel that was published next. And already in 1840, his only lifetime edition was published, consisting of 26 poems and several poems.

The following year, on July 15, Lermontov died during a duel with Nikolai Martynov. Martynov pointed out that the main reason for calling him to a duel was the “frequent barbs and ridicule directed at him,” which Lermontov uttered at every meeting. The poet was buried on the territory of the old Pyatigorsk cemetery on July 17, 1841.

Years of life: from 03.10.1814 to 15.07.1841

Poet, artist, prose writer, playwright. One of the most famous Russian poets, whose works are included in the classics of Russian literature. Creativity M.Yu. Lermontov belongs to romanticism; Byron and A.S. had a particularly strong influence on the poet. Pushkin.

Mikhail Yuryevich was born in Moscow on the night of October 2-3, 1814. His parents are Yuri Petrovich, a retired army captain, an unborn nobleman, and Maria Mikhailovna, née Arsenyeva, who belonged to the rich and noble Stolypin family. Two years after Mikhail was born, his mother died of consumption, and the grandmother took her grandson, threatening to otherwise deprive him of his inheritance. Before his father's death in 1831, M.Yu. Lermontov saw him only once, when he was already studying at the university. The grandmother loved her grandson and M.Yu.’s childhood very much. Lermontov, despite the absence of parents, were happy.

In 1828, Lermontov was enrolled in the 4th grade of the Moscow Noble Boarding School. It was at this time that Lermontov began to compose poetry. Lermontov's early poetic experiments are largely imitations of the romantics; they contain entire pieces borrowed from the works of other authors. The work of Byron had a particularly strong influence on Lermontov. In the years 1828-1832, Lermontov experienced a number of romantic interests, which are also reflected in his work. In September 1830, Lermontov entered the “moral and political department” of Moscow University, then transferred to the verbal department. This period of Lermontov’s work includes completely independent poems “Izmail Bey” (1832), “Litvinka” (1832), “Confession” (1831) - the prototype of the future poem “Mtsyri”. In 1832, the poet submitted a request to leave the university. According to the most reliable version, the reason for leaving was hostile relations with some professors. Lermontov goes to St. Petersburg with the intention of continuing his studies, but they refused to count him for two years of study in Moscow and offered him to enroll in the first year. Lermontov was not satisfied with this and, under the influence of his relatives, he entered the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers.

Lermontov later called the two years spent in this institution “ill-fated.” Drill reigned within the walls of the school; students were not allowed to read literary books at all. Outside these walls, the cadets were known for their adventures, parties and brawls, in which Lermontov also took part. During this period, he begins a number of serious works (the novel “Vadim”, several poems), but does not complete any of them. In 1834, Lermontov graduated from school and, having received the rank of cornet, was sent to the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. In general, in 1832-1836, Lermontov’s lyrical creativity almost died out, but the number of works in other genres increased: he devoted his energies to poems, dramas, and prose. Lermontov’s peak achievement during this period of his work can be considered the drama “Masquerade”. However, not a single attempt to publish the drama was successful. Lermontov’s first “serious” publication dates back to 1835, when his friend, without his knowledge, took the story “Hadji Abrek” (1834) and gave it to the magazine “Library for Reading”. The publication, although it was received positively, did not gain Lermontov much fame and by 1837 he remained little known to the public and literary circles.

Fame comes to Lermontov with the poem “The Death of a Poet” (1837) - a response to Pushkin’s last duel. Pushkin's death made a huge impression on Lermontov, and the tone of his poem was very harsh at that time. The poem outraged Nicholas II and Lermontov was arrested. The matter ended with the order of the emperor: “Transfer Cornet Lermontov of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment with the same rank to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment.” In fact, it was an exile - the poet was sent to the Caucasus to join the active army. In March 1837, Lermontov left St. Petersburg.

The poet’s grandmother, using her connections, worked for her grandson and in the same year the poet was forgiven and transferred to the Grodno Hussar Regiment, which was located in the Novgorod province, and then to his former Life Guards Hussar Regiment. Lermontov returns to the “big world” and again plays a prominent role in it. At the same time, Lermontov established connections with Pushkin’s circle, his works were published in Sovremennik, “Domestic Notes” and other publications. The poems “Tambov Treasurer”, “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich...”, and the story “Bela”, which was later included in the novel “Hero of Our Time”, were published. In 1839, Lermontov completed work on one of his main works - the poem "Mtsyri". According to contemporaries, Lermontov had a difficult character and his relationships with those around him (especially those close to the court) were very strained.

In February 1840, at a ball hosted by Countess Laval, the poet clashed with the son of the French ambassador de Barante. The consequence of the quarrel was a duel, and the consequence of the duel was a military court. Lermontov was sent to the Tenginsky infantry regiment in the active army in the Caucasus. From June to November, the poet took part in military battles, showed courage and was even nominated for an award, but the emperor crossed out his name from the award lists. Lermontov received leave and returned to St. Petersburg for a short time. This time was a time of creative upsurge: work on the poem “Demon” was completed, the novel “Hero of Our Time” was collected into a separate book, and more poems were written than ever. In October 1840, the only collection of the poet’s lifetime, “Poems by M. Lermontov,” was published. Lermontov himself wanted to retire and devote himself to literature, but he gave in to the insistence of his grandmother, who still hoped that her grandson would make a military career.

In May 1841 Lermontov returned to the Caucasus. In Pyatigorsk he stays for treatment in mineral waters. Here a fatal quarrel occurs with a former fellow student at the cadet school N.S. Martynov, which led on July 15, 1841 to the last duel at the foot of Mashuk. Martynov's bullet hit Lermontov in the chest and the poet died on the spot. In the spring of 1842, Lermontov's ashes were transported to Tarkhany.

Lermontov devoted his entire adult life, until his untimely death, not only to literature, but also to drawing. Much of his artistic work has not survived, but what has survived to this day - more than a dozen oil paintings, more than fifty watercolor works, over three hundred drawings - gives us the opportunity to appreciate his artistic heritage.

Judging by the memoirs of his contemporaries, Lermontov had a difficult character and the poet himself should be recognized as the instigator of the fatal duel.

According to the book. Vasilchikov, in St. Petersburg, in high society, the death of the poet was greeted with a comment: “that’s where he belongs”... In his memoirs, P. P. Vyazemsky, from the words of the adjutant Colonel Luzhin, noted that Nicholas I responded to this by saying: "A dog's death is a dog's death."

The image of Lermontov, included in the title of the biography, was made in July 1840 from life by Lermontov’s fellow soldier, Baron D.P. Palen, after the Valerik battle. The poet looks tired, he is unshaven, there is sadness in his eyes; his cap is wrinkled, his coat collar is unbuttoned, his epaulettes are missing. This is a very valuable, the only profile portrait of Lermontov and, perhaps, the most similar to the original of all lifetime images.

Bibliography

Chronological order appearances in periodicals most important works

Lifetime publications
"Hadji Abrek" (1835);
"" (1837);
"" (1838);
"Duma" (1839);
"Bela" (1839);
"The Branch of Palestine" (1839);
"Three Palms" (1839);
"Fatalist" (1839);
"Gifts of the Terek" (1839);
"Taman" (1840);
"The Airship" (1840);
"Angel" (1840);
“The Last Housewarming” (1841);
"Sail" (1841);
"Dispute" (1841);
"A Tale for Children" (1842).

After the poet's death the following appeared:
"Ishmael Bay" (1843);
"Tamara" (1843);
"On the death of Pushkin" (1856)
and much more.

Selected publications:
"" (1840);
"" (1840);
"" (1857);
"Angel of Death" (1857);
and many others.

Film adaptations of works, theatrical productions

1911 - “The Demon” / Il demone, directed by Giovanni Vitrotti (Italy)
1926 - “Princess Mary” / Tavadis asuli Meri, director Vladimir Barsky (USSR)
1927 - “Bela”, director Vladimir Barsky (USSR)
1927 - “Maksim Maksimych”, director Vladimir Barsky (USSR)
1941 - “Masquerade”, director Sergei Gerasimov (USSR)
1955 - “Princess Mary”, director Isidor Annensky (USSR)
1965 - “Hero of Our Time”, director Stanislav Rostotsky (USSR)
1966 - “Bela”, director Stanislav Rostotsky (USSR)
1966 - “Maksim Maksimych”, director Stanislav Rostotsky (USSR)
1968 - “Masquerade”, director Vladimir Laptev (USSR, TV)
1975 - Pages of Pechorin’s magazine, director Anatoly Efros (USSR, TV, film-play)
1981 - “Masquerade”, director Vladimir Samsonov (USSR, animated)
1985 - “A Hero of Our Time”, directed by Michael Almereyda (USA)
1988 - “Ashik-Kerib”, director Sergei Parajanov (USSR)
2006 - “Pechorin”, director Alexander Kott (Russia)

In addition, a number of operas have been written and ballets staged based on Lermontov’s works.

On the night from the second to the third of October 1814, in Moscow, in the family of army captain Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and nineteen-year-old Maria Mikhailovna (nee Arsenyeva), a boy was born, named Mikhail, for whom fate had prepared a great but dramatic future.

Mikhail Yuryevich is Scottish on his father’s side, and Russian on his mother’s side.

In Scotland, where the Tweed merges with the Leader, the ruins of Ersildoun Castle are still intact, which are still called Lermont Tower. The most distant ancestor of the Lermontovs in 1061 was the leader of King Malcolm and participated in the fight against Macbeth, who inspired the great Shakespeare, whose drama is now admired and amazed by audiences in all culturally developed countries.

The marriage of the parents of the future poet, concluded against the will of the bride’s mother, Penza landowner Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, could hardly be called happy.

In 1817, Mikhail's mother died. The father was not allowed to see the boy and Misha spent his entire childhood under the tutelage of his grandmother, who loved him madly and spared no expense for his upbringing. Misha loved his grandmother, but she never became a soul mate for her grandson.

What it’s like to live without parents is not worth talking about in detail. This fact, and the mutual enmity between the grandmother and father of the future poet, caused the child considerable suffering, and ultimately all this affected his character and state of mind. Misha was sick a lot and experienced a lot of physical pain.

He often plunged into the unreal world of dreams and daydreams, worries and sadness.

In order to improve his health, in 1825, the grandmother took her grandson to North Caucasus, for treatment with mineral waters. Wonderful pictures were revealed to Lermontov in the Caucasus. He loved this wonderful land with all his soul.

In 1827, Mikhail Lermontov and his grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna, went to Moscow to study. In 1828, Mikhail entered the Noble University boarding school. The teachers (mostly professors from Moscow University) were beyond praise.

In 1829, M.Yu. Lermontov brilliantly completed his course at the Noble boarding school.

Grandmother took Mikhail from his father before he was sixteen years old. My father patiently endured this period. Previously, he rarely saw his son. But in Moscow, while the boy was studying at a boarding school, Yuri Petrovich often met him and often even took part in his classes, became very close to him and decided not to give up his son to his grandmother.

The fight began. The grandmother did not want to part with her pet, she reminded him of loneliness, that she would not survive the separation, that her life would be pointless if he left her and went to his father. Misha felt sorry for both his grandmother and father; he was terribly worried and extremely irritable; but a feeling of compassion for the old woman prevailed, and he stayed with his grandmother. The father, excited and shocked by this, left Moscow for his village and soon died there.

Then a bitter epitaph poured out from the pen of Mikhail Yuryevich. A sixteen-year-old boy became disillusioned with people and began to write a series of gloomy poems. He makes sure that the world does not correspond to his cherished thoughts, and, looking back at his short past and seeing clearly the present, he says: “I feel lonely among people; in my mind I created another world and other images of existence.”

At this time, looking more closely into himself, he finds that he is marked by fate, that the earthly world is small for him - and begins to live exclusively by his own. inner world, with his inspiration and love for nature, which is what he lives on for a short time. Even then it seemed to the young man that everything was changing him, only the sounds of the lyre could not be changed... inspiration saves him from petty worries. He believes in the depths of his soul that his “mind is not striving for something secret out of trifles.”

In the spring of 1830, M.Yu. Lermontov entered Moscow University, but he did not stay there for long. In 1832, the future poet, against his wishes, was drawn into a story with one of the professors, and therefore left the university and Moscow and moved with his grandmother to St. Petersburg.

At St. Petersburg University he was offered to start classes again from the first year. This seemed tiresome and boring to the young man, and he entered the school of guard cadets.

Strict discipline and a certain emptiness of life worried him. Military daring did not captivate Mikhail - in his soul he was completely different. U young man there were many enemies, since often his caustic ridicule and razor-sharp witticisms irritated him. Inspiration and poetic dreams saved him here too. He went into his creativity, only then was he himself. Life dragged on monotonously, but time flew quickly.

In November 1834, Lermontov graduated from the cadet school and was promoted to cornet in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment stationed in Tsarskoe Selo. At this time, without his will, his poem “Hadji Abrek” appeared on the pages of the magazine “Library for Reading”.

In military circles, Mikhail Yuryevich was already known as a poet, but general fame came to him in January 1837.

It was a difficult time - Lermontov was extremely restless when the sad news (the poet Pushkin, wounded in a duel by Dantes, died) reached him. The incident shocked him deeply. The aspiring poet passionately loved Pushkin since childhood, and the bitter news stirred his soul, and he threw his iron verse, doused with bile, to secular society, which later became known to everyone: “The poet died...”.

The poem also reached Emperor Nicholas I. Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich also read it. He said, smiling: “Oh, how he (Lermontov) was at odds.”

Glory came, but the poet was transferred from the cornets of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment as an ensign to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, stationed in the Caucasus, where he was supposed to retire.

Again the Caucasus, dear to his soul, rises before Lermontov, again Elbrus - Shat-Mountain, receding into the clouds, shines before his eyes with eternal snow. Wonderful images, wonderful poetic dreams capture his soul, and he writes a lot, quickly, with inspiration. His wonderful epic “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” was also written there.

The poet's fame is growing; but he feels his loneliness more and more and moves further away from people. The grandmother petitions for her favorite, he is returned again to St. Petersburg, assigned to the Grodno Hussar Regiment, then transferred to the same one in which he served before exile. The year is 1839 and the beginning of 1840. Many of his major works in poetry and prose are published and received with enthusiasm.

And suddenly, at the beginning of 1840, a new unpleasant story for M.Yu. Lermontov: an insignificant conversation that took place at the ball of Countess Laval with Barant, the son of the French envoy to the Russian court, led to Barant challenging Lermontov to a duel. This duel ended in nothing - Lermontov fired into the air, and the opponents remained safe and sound.

But the poet was again sent to the Caucasus, where he was transferred to the Tengin infantry regiment. In April, he left the capital and went to his beloved mountains, this time sadly parting with St. Petersburg. Melancholy and heavy forebodings weighed on his heart.

In this year, 1840, Lermontov took part in military expedition against the highlanders, where he distinguished himself with courage at the Valerik River and there he wrote a poem under this title. That year, several poems and two new stories appeared from his pen: “Maxim Maksimovich” and “Princess Mary”.

At the end of 1840, at the request of his grandmother, Mikhail Yuryevich was allowed leave to St. Petersburg, where he spent some time, and then again went to his regiment, to the Caucasus, passing through Moscow for several weeks. This was his last trip to the mountains, where a few months later, at the foot of a shaggy Mashuk, like a Persian cap, near Pyatigorsk, on the evening of July 15, 1841, in a terrible thunderstorm, he was killed in a duel by Captain Martynov.

Thus, another “sun of Russian poetry” set - just as the genius Pushkin was killed, the same fate befell Mikhail Lermontov.