How to determine the grammatical basis? Explanation of sentence parsing, complex cases. Members of the sentence. Grammar basis. Classification of sentences by the number of grammatical bases How many grammatical bases are in sentence 2
Grammar basis sentences form the main members of the sentence ( subject and predicate). That is, the grammatical basis of a sentence (predicative basis, core) is the main part of the sentence, which consists of its main members: subject and predicate. See also introductory words..
Subject.
Remember!
Subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in nominative case, but also:
| 1) numeral, adjective and participle in I.P. as a noun; Seven (num.)one is not expected. All the past (adj. as a noun)I was just dreaming. |
2) designs: Numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun in R.P.; The prince had gathered in the hut a lot of people. Several ladies walked quickly up and down the platform. Some, every, much / adjective + of + noun in R.P.; Best of Students quickly solved this problem. Someone, something + adjective, participle as a noun; Something so insignificant tied in a scarf. Noun / pronoun + s + noun / pronoun in Tv.P. ( but only if the predicate is expressed by a plural verb!). Vanya and Iwent along the forest road ( plural predicate.). Annashe entered the room with her daughter in her arms (predicate in singular). |
3) an infinitive, which names an action that does not occur in time. Livein a lordly way - this is a noble affair |
Predicate.
In the Russian language there are three types of predicates. The following algorithm of actions will help you determine which type is represented in your proposal.
Distinguish!
If a sentence contains homogeneous predicates, then each of them should be considered separately.
Also watch the video presentation.
Clue.
1) Most often, the definition of a simple verbal predicate, expressed in more than one word, raises doubts:
I I will take part in the exhibition.
IN in this example I will take part – complex shape future tense, which is defined in syntax as a simple predicate. And the combination participate is a phraseological unit that can be replaced by the word I'm participating. Therefore, we have a simple verbal predicate.
Trap!
People often make the mistake of calling the following construction simple verbal predicates:
Everything in Moscow is imbued with poetry, punctuated with rhymes.
This error is due to two factors.
First, we must distinguish the short passive participle from the past tense verb form.
Remember!
Short participles have suffixes -T-, -N-, and the verb -L-. Means, soakedBut, puncturedTo- These are short passive participles.
Secondly, we have before us a predicate that is expressed in just one word, but what is it - simple or compound (see Morphological analysis of a word with examples)? Try adding some time adverb to the sentence, for example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, and see how these forms behave.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, everything in Moscow was imbued with poetry and punctuated with rhymes.
A bunch appears was and the predicate clearly becomes compound. The Russian language is not characterized by constructions in the present tense with a copula be. Agree, it sounds clearly foreign if we say: All in Moscow There is imbued with poetry and rhymes There is pierced.
Thus, if in a sentence you encounter predicates, expressed short passive participles, then you are dealing with compound nominal predicate.
Remember!
Words it is impossible, it is possible, it is necessary, it is necessary included in composite predicates.
To me need to get off at this stop.
Trap!
Be careful with your words to be, to appear, to appear, since by highlighting only them, you may miss another component of the predicate.
She seemed funny to me.Wrong!
If you only highlight words seemed, then the meaning of the sentence changes completely ( seemed = dreamed, dreamed, imagined).
Right: She seemed funny to me
Wrong: The teacher was strict (was = existed, lived).
Right: The teacher was strict.
Trap!
This task offers quite complex sentences for analysis and the answer options are very often similar to each other. What “traps” can you expect here?
1) Proposals can be compiled according to different models:
- subject + predicate;
- only predicate or subject (one-part sentences);
- subject + homogeneous predicates;
- homogeneous subjects + predicate.
The answer option may omit a subject, predicate, or one of the homogeneous subjects or predicates.
Remember!
The grammatical basis includes ALL the main parts of the sentence; omitting one of them is a clear mistake.
2) The answer option can combine the subject and predicate of different grammatical bases.
3) The subject can only be in I.P.! Answer options with nouns, pronouns not in I.P. obviously incorrect (except for those cases when they are part of the predicate and without them the whole meaning of the sentence changes).
4) The answer option may contain a participle or participial phrase, which are never included in the grammatical basis.
Distinguish!
Designs should be distinguished verb + noun in V.P. And noun + passive participle.
The coordinates were calculated. ? The coordinates have been calculated.
IN first case coordinates is a noun in the form accusative case, which depends on the verb (that is addition), and in second is a nominative case form that agrees with the past participle (i.e. subject). If you change each of the designs, the differences will be visible. Let's put the predicates in each of the sentences in the singular form:
Calculated the coordinates. The coordinate has been calculated.
The subject and predicate always agree with each other, but the object remains unchanged.
5) Sometimes words which, which in complex sentences they are subjects.
[And shiny droplets crawled down his cheeks], (the kind that happen on windows when it rains). (what = droplets).
Analysis of the task.
1. Which combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?
(1) So what is the difference between human and animal perception? (2) For an animal, only concrete things exist; its perception is inseparable from the real environment in which it lives and acts. (3) So, for example, the “TV version” of a dog means nothing to a cat. (4) Man, in the process of evolution, acquired the unique ability to create in his imagination ideal images of reality, but they no longer seem to be a direct copy of a specific thing. (5) Thanks to development cognitive activity, in particular, the processes of abstraction and generalization, a person can isolate any individual features of the object being studied, abstracting from all other, unimportant details. (6) Thus, a person has the ability to form a generalized image of a real thing, which allows him to see and recognize general signs and the qualities of various phenomena of reality.
1) perception is (sentence 2)
2) acquired the ability (sentence 4)
3) they do not appear to be a cast (sentence 4)
4) which allows you to see (sentence 6)
Option #1 is not a grammatical basis, since here the predicate is not fully represented, which distorts the meaning of the entire sentence (perception is = in the meaning “comes, arrives somewhere for some reason”). See point 3 in the “Predicate” section.
Option No. 2 is also incorrect because it lacks a subject. Who acquired the ability? In sentence 4 the subject is the word Human.
Option No. 3 true, although at first glance it seems wrong. The authors of the task are deliberately trying to confuse us. Although the word cast is not in the I.P. form, but it is part of the predicate, since without it the logic of the story is lost. They don’t introduce themselves = The images don’t give their names?!
Option No. 4 incorrect . The subject is highlighted correctly. Word which, as we have already said, it can be subject. In the subordinate clause it is replaced by the word image and performs the same functions, that is, it is the subject. But the predicate is not fully represented. In the sentence it is - allows you to see and recognize.
So way, the student who chooses option 3 will be right.
2. What words are the grammatical basis in the sixth (6) sentence of the text?
(1)… (2) They are united by one desire - to know. (3) And their ages are different, and their professions are very different, and completely different levels knowledge, but everyone strived to know more than they already knew. (4) This expressed the need of millions and millions of people who greedily absorbed all the secrets of the world, all the knowledge and skills accumulated by mankind. (5) Library visitors either studied somewhere or dreamed of studying. (6) They all needed books, but when they came to the library, they got lost in the ocean of books. (7) ... (According to K. Chukovsky).
1) books were needed, they were lost
2) they needed it, they were lost
3) books were needed, when they came here they got lost
4) books were needed, they were lost in the ocean
The correct one is Option 1, since in other variants the second ones included minor members of the sentence in the base: in the second, the word is superfluous to them (addition, stands in D.P.), in the third there is an adverbial phrase that is not part of the basis of the sentence, and in the fourth there is an adverbial phrase in the ocean.
3. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences (or part of it)?
(1)... (2) She will die of hunger if the gates are strong and no one opens them, but does not think of moving away from the gates and pulling them towards themselves. (3) Only a person understands that you have to be patient, work hard and do something you don’t want in order for what you want to happen. (4) A person can restrain himself, not eat, not drink, not sleep only because he knows what is good and should be done and what is bad and should not be done, and this is taught to a person by his ability to think. (5) Some people increase it in themselves, others do not. (6)…
1) she will die (sentence 2)
2) what you want (sentence 3)
3) what is good and should be done (sentence 4)
4) teaches ability (sentence 4)
This is a task of increased difficulty.
Option #1 incorrect, since not all predicates are indicated by the authors. The sentence has a rather difficult structure to analyze. It is complex with a subordinate clause that is wedged between two homogeneous predicates. Therefore, you may not notice that the basis she will die must also include a predicate won’t think to step back and pull.
Option No. 2 is also excluded. Verb I want to is impersonal and there cannot be a subject with it.
Option No. 3 similar to the previous one. This sentence is also impersonal. Word must in dictionaries it is defined as a category of state that is used in sentences without a subject.
True is Option 4.
51 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Why can’t I do it the way I want on this day?
52 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. It turns out that if it was hard for us, then let it be the same for them?
53 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. I immediately reached for the saber, then played with the glass, but I didn’t want to touch anything else.
54 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. The art school organized a meeting with the famous master of painting.
55 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Dinka sat silently at the table, absently smiled at Lena, not noticing that he had been watching her for a long time with a restless gaze.
56 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in a sentence. I once heard on the radio that if there are several children in a family, it is not good to single out one of them.
57 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. They didn’t promise me anything.
58 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Then all five rushed to the sides, Lyovka rose to his feet, and in his hand he held a scarecrow, which shot with special percussion caps.
59 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Lucy herself slowly drew, but we only saw her headlines in the school humor magazine, which, at Olya’s suggestion, was called “Baby Talk.”
60 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. This means that father and mother wrote after their morning run and before work.
61 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. To her, you see, her own whim is more valuable.
62 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. My mother and I moved to this house recently.
63 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence (24) As soon as the sounds of the violin began to flow, Dinky’s fear passed.
64 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. I wanted a friend to appear.
65 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. The grandmother was very upset, but then said that her grandson’s first failure just speaks of his extraordinary talent: Chaliapin was also not accepted into the choir in his youth.
66 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Tell me, Vanya.
67 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in a sentence. And I remembered how terrible it was when Keith and I chose each other at the Bird Market...
68 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in a sentence. As a child, I tried very, very hard to love the theater, as I was told: after all, this is Great Art, a Temple.
69 Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. The man came from shepherds, studied for decades on black bread and water, so much work was put into each board, sleepless nights, human torment, talent...”
70 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Tolya really liked running to school in the rain.
71 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Unfortunately, nothing came of it average history.
72 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. Even for C grades brought home from school, they don’t scold me.
73 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. There will be no secrets told true friend Khokholka's childhood.
74 Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence. You need to understand this!
around the Sun.
B. On the way we cross twelve months, like twelve different countries.
IN. We fly on our Earth as if on a huge rocket.
G. Green summer, golden autumn, white winter, and azure spring float by.
A1 In what order should the sentences appear to form a text?
2) A, B, B, D
4) A, B, D, B
A2 Find a sentence that matches the characteristic: declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, with homogeneous members .
1)A 2)B 3)C 4)D
A3Which word has incorrectly defined morphological characteristics?
1) Earth - noun, proper, 1st declension.
2) We're flying - verb, imperfect form, 1st conjugation.
3) We - personal pronoun, 1-gb person, plural.
4) (On) huge - adjective, in full form, relative.
A4 Indicate the sentence with a punctuation error.
1)A 2)B 3)C 4) D
A5 In which row is the letter o written in all words?
1) k...sat, nag...r, r...stov
2) inconsistency.. .demand, s.. .wounding, ra.. .seller
3) loosening... loosening, growing... growing, tantalizing
4) wait... to fight, to... sleep, grow...
A6Find the misspelled word.
1) bless
2) cloudless
3) prehistory
4) disappear
A7In which row is the same letter missing?
1) pr...baltika, pr...tensiya, pr...miracle
2) charming... flattering, pr... hail, prolong... to overcome
3) pr.. .habit, pr.. .kind, pr.. .people
4) stop, knit...knit, prepare...cook
A8 Which word contains the letter e?
1) dedication
2) disrespectful
3) humidifier...
4) you...take off
A9 Choose a phraseological unit that means “a person with a very bad memory.”
1) flighty head
2) garden head
3) holey head
4) head stuffed with straw
A10 Indicate the word with a zero ending.
2) discipline
3) kayak
A11In what order are all the words professionalism?
1) artist, piloting, hangar
2) crisis, finance, declaration
3) landscape, relief, plain
4) etymology, linguistics, word
A12 In which row are all words the same root?
1) conversation, demon, talk
2) mountain, grieve, mountainous
3) water, watery, watery
4) famous, banner, celebrity
A13 Which word contains an unpronounceable consonant?
1) wood...
2) verbal
3) famous
4) her body...
A14 In which phrase is the word used in its literal meaning? research institute ?
1) broad-minded
2) general public
3) wide street
4) wide popularity
A15 In which line is the letter e written in all words?
1) in rage..., oh time..., frozen...you know...you know
2) in other..., to freedom..., pull...t, blossom...t
3) on alarms..., on cars..., walking...t, foaming...
4) about tenderness..., in the seed..., overtaking...sh, alarming...t
A16 In which sentence was there a punctuation error?
1) Near the sanatorium there is a lake, and a stream flows out of it.
2) How many times have they told the world that flattery is vile and harmful.
3) Do not do anything rashly.
4) The warm sun walks high and awaits the fragrant lily of the valley.
A17 Specify the sentence in which you need to put a dash (no punctuation marks).
1) The night is quiet and moonless.
2) Good taste is, first of all, a sense of proportion.
3) Truth does not burn in fire and does not sink in water.
4) The blacksmith Arkhip said everything is fine now, it burns well.
A18 Find a sentence with direct speech (no punctuation marks).
1) I told you that today there will be bad weather.
2) You were transferred here from the city.
3) Kazbich impatiently interrupted him: where should you ride my horse?
4) Paustovsky argued that the Russian language has a great variety good words.
Read the text and complete tasks A19 – A21, B1-B5, C
(1) I sat on the terrace and looked down at the blue sea, stretching to the horizon like a living veil.
(2) The lush summer sun was setting behind the mountains, but the shadows lay only below.
(3) The deserted sea, on which only occasionally a black sea steamer slowly passed, seemed lifeless and deserted to me, the eternal sighs of the surf echoed in my heart with anguished, melancholy pain.
(4) Rocky, gray, devoid of vegetation mountains towered overhead, crushing the soul with their stone weight.(5) It seemed to me that fate had driven me to the edge of the earth, on which I was sitting, my legs dangling into the sea, and that I was about to throw myself there in inexplicable melancholy.
(6) The gold of the sun's colors has faded.(7) The shadows under the mountain spread faster, falling onto the rhythmically sighing, saddened sea, its bright azure darkened.(8) The entire shore was enveloped in its soft embrace by the subtle sadness of the evening.
.
A19 Which statement contradicts the author's point of view?
1) The sea seemed lifeless.
2) Black ledges rose overhead.
3) The gold of the colors faded.
4) The sea sighed rhythmically.
A20 Indicate what the phrase “subtle sadness” is (sentence 8).
1) personification
2)hyperbole
3) metaphor
A21 Determine the style and type of speech.
1) journalistic, reasoning
2) artistic, reasoning
3) artistic, description
4) journalistic, description
Part 2
Write down the answers to tasks B1 – B3 in word(s)
IN 1 Name the part of speech to which the word belongs faded(sentence 6).
AT 2 From sentence 5, write down relative pronoun.
AT 3 From sentence 8, write down the grammatical basis.
Write the answers to tasks 64 - Q5 in numbers How many grammatical stems are there in a sentence? Everything you touch is dry and warm: old and empty for a long time
pine cones, transparent and crackling like parchment, films of young pine bark, stumps heated to the core, each branch, rough and fragrant.
The grammatical basis of the sentence. The number of grammatical stems in a sentence.
9th grade. OGE. Part 2. Options for task 11 (based on demo version 2015)
1. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
Alice could freely enter the theater courtyard, which was guarded by a strict guard, but other children could not get into this interesting world. Answer ( )
2. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
When I sat down in the teacher’s lounge with my notebooks, it turned out that six papers from the stack had disappeared. Answer ( )
3. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
They managed to bring out the cows, but the calf in the farthest cage was locked - you couldn’t get close. Answer ( )
4. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
I’ll tell you what: because of a stranger you are missing out on a good price, if you don’t put him up, then you will bitterly regret it! Answer ( )
5. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
Sitting on the windowsills, the scouts watch the two of us eat, and their eyes are kind. Answer ( )
6. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
The crab was terribly large and flat, and if you looked closely, you could see bumps and spines on it, some kind of seams, jagged combs. Answer ( )
7. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
On the deck of the ship, Vitya Panfilov played Tchaikovsky’s melodies, Raya Ivanova danced, Vera Borodulina read poetry. Answer ( )
8. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
Calmly, casually and publicly, in broad daylight, for the sake of a penny gain, he was betrayed by a man for whom he, without hesitation, would go through fire and water. Answer ( )
9. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
And then high school students passed by, and everyone looked at him and asked whose fiancé he was. Answer ( )
10. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
Then all five of them rushed to the sides, Lyovka rose to his feet, and in his hand he held a scarecrow, which fired special percussion caps. Answer ( )
11.Indicate the number of grammatical bases in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
Mother scolded Pashka for piling up all sorts of sticks at the well, but everything worked out. Answer ( )
12. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
Everything aroused envy and disgust among his classmates: a jacket with a zipper, girlish eyelashes, the irritating pretty face and the linen napkins in which the homemade sandwich was wrapped. Answer ( )
13. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
You don’t need it - you leave, I need it - I’ll stay. Answer ( )
14. Indicate the number of grammatical stems in the sentence. Write the answer in numbers.
Lisapeta, of course, was not a bad girl, but when she appeared, you immediately wanted to shrink - she fussed and twirled so much. Answer ( )
Source of material for the interactive test: OGE. Open bank FIPI tasks http://old.fipi.ru/
Tests on the website "Russian language for schoolchildren". Saint Petersburg. Nedorezova M., Nedorezova E.
OGE No. 11 number of grammatical basics (most often in a complex sentence)
Syntax– a science that studies the structure and meaning of phrases and sentences;
A branch of linguistics that studies ways of combining words and word forms into phrases and sentences, the phrases and sentences themselves, methods of connection simple sentences into complex ones.
Sentence and its types.
Offer- this is a set of words or a word, grammatically formalized in terms of time and reality/irreality, intonationally complete and expressing a message, question or incentive to action.
The main function of a sentence is communicative: a sentence is the smallest unit of communication. A sentence contains a message about an event that can be thought of as real and occurring at some time or as unreal (in linguistics this fundamental property of a sentence is called predicativity).
Depending on the goals statements (messages) all sentences are divided into three groups: narrative, interrogative And incentive.
Narrative sentences serve to communicate:
I'll arrive at five o'clock.
Interrogative sentences are used to express a question:
Will you arrive at five o'clock?
When will you come?
Among interrogative sentences stands out special group rhetorical questions that do not require an answer and contain a hidden statement:
Who doesn't know this?= “everyone knows”
Incentives sentences contain an inducement (request, order, wish) to perform some action:
Come at five o'clock.
Declarative, interrogative and incentive sentences also differ in form (they use different forms of the verb mood, there are special words - interrogative pronouns, incentive particles), and by intonation. Wed:
He will come.
He will come? Will he come? When will he arrive?
Let him come.
Narrative, interrogative and incentive sentences can be accompanied by increased emotionality and pronounced with a special intonation - raising the tone and emphasizing the word expressing the emotion. Such proposals are called exclamation marks.
| Types of offers. | Examples. | |
| 1. By goals statements. | Narrative. | Autumn has already arrived. |
| Interrogative. | Is it autumn already? | |
| Incentive. | Come soon, autumn! | |
| 2. By emotional coloring | Exclamation. | A sad long evening in October! |
| Non-exclamatory. | I love late autumn in Russia. | |
| 3. By quantity grammatical basics. | Simple (one grammatical basis). | The time has come for leaf fall. |
| Complex: complex, non-union, complex. | The time has come for leaf fall, and the wind is driving the leaves along the roads. | |
| The time has come for leaf fall, the wind drives the leaves along the roads. When it was time for the leaves to fall, the wind blew the leaves along the roads. 4. By | availability of main | members. |
| Two-part. | It's a fine autumn day. One-part: definitely - personal, indefinitely - personal, generalized - personal, impersonal, nominal. I love autumn in the city. Now don't go to the forest walking. Late autumn days scold usually. Early. | |
| it's getting dark . 4. By | Cold and gray again | heaven 5. By |
| availability of secondary | Common. | |
| Soon everything the leaves will fly off.. | Undistributed. | The leaves are flying around. |
| 6. By character | attitude to reality Affirmative. The wind bends the trees. | |
| Negative. I. | Not | I pay attention to bad weather. |
| 7. By | conditions of context and speech situation Full. | |
| 8. Everything in the forest is now covered with a carpet of fallen leaves. Incomplete. | Where are the birds now? | On South. Communication methods words in a sentence. Coordination. Quiet over the pool |
| rustled | long, graceful branches and you. | |
| Subordination: management, coordination, adjacency. | willow branches, | |
long branches,
rustled quietly. Coordinating connection..
long, graceful.
Members of the sentence. Grammar basis. Classification of sentences by the number of grammatical stems subject And Words and phrases related to each other grammatically and in meaning are called members of the proposal The members of a sentence are divided into main and secondary., addition, Main members - predicate, minor -
definition circumstance. Minor members serve to explain the main ones and may have secondary members that explain them. The main members of the sentence form the grammatical basis of the sentence. A sentence containing both main clauses is called The sky in the distance darkened - It got dark.
A sentence can have one grammatical stem ( simple sentence) or several grammatical stems ( difficult sentence ). Wed: They were late because it was raining heavily - They were late because it was raining heavily.
Any member of a sentence can be expressed mono-wordly or non-wordly. With a non-word expression, a member of a sentence is expressed by a phrase, and this phrase can be phraseologically free (each word in it retains its lexical meaning) and phraseologically related (the meaning of a phraseological unit is not equal to the sum of the values of its constituent components).
Subject and the means of its expression.
Subject- This main member two-part sentence; which names what is said in the sentence.
This member of a sentence can be either a single word or a phrase.
Subject - one word:
1) words of different parts of speech in the objective meaning:
Noun in I. p.:
It's raining.
Pronoun-noun in I. p.:
I like autumn.
Adjective in the function of a noun (substantivized) in I. p.:
The bearded man looked back.
Participle as a noun (substantivized) in I. p.:
The man sitting raised his head.
Adverb:
I'm tired of your tomorrows.
Interjection:
“Aw” echoed through the forest.
2) cardinal numbers in quantitative (non-objective) meaning:
Ten is not divisible by three without a remainder.
3) infinitive with the meaning of action or state: Studying is necessary.
The location of the subject expressed by the infinitive in the sentence is not fixed (for example, at the absolute beginning of the sentence); compare: The right thing is to study. If in a sentence one of the main members is expressed by a noun in I. p., and the other by an infinitive, then the infinitive will act as the subject.
4) a word of any part of speech in any grammatical form, if in a sentence a judgment is made about it as a linguistic unit: Go - the imperative form of the verb; Don't - negative particle.
Subject - phrase:
1. Subject - phraseologically free, but syntactically coherent phrase:
1) structure design A with B(I. p. noun (pronoun) + With+ etc. of another noun) with the meaning of compatibility, if the predicate is in the plural. number:
Brother and sister returned separately- cf.: Mother and child went to the doctor.
2) a word with a quantitative meaning (quantitative, noun, adverb) + noun. in R. p.:
Three years have passed.
A pile of things has accumulated in the corner.
I have a lot of work.
3) when indicating an approximate quantity, the subject can be expressed by a phrase without I. p.:
About / up to a thousand people can be accommodated in this hall.
Between five and ten percent of students pass the session early.
4) structure design A from B(word of the nominal part of speech in I. p. + from+ noun in R. p.) with an emphatic meaning:
Any one of them could have done it.
Three of the graduates received gold medals.
The smartest student could not solve this problem.
5) infinitive + infinitive / name (the volume of such a subject coincides with the volume of a compound verbal or compound nominal predicate - see below):
It is prestigious to be literate.
It’s natural to want to become literate.
2. Subject - phraseological unit:
Falling into hysterics out of the blue was his favorite pastime.
He has golden hands.
Abstract (paper version of working with children)
Today, in order to be successful, a child, in addition to a certain amount of knowledge, abilities, skills, must master the ability to independently plan, analyze, control his activities, independently set new educational tasks and solve them.
And the teacher must organize accordingly educational activities, create conditions for the transformation of a child into a subject interested in self-change and capable of it. Organization active work contributes to the development of students, increases the efficiency of learning, allows solving a number of problems that have arisen in teaching in Lately: a significant increase in the volume of knowledge, an increase in the theoretical level and requirements for the quality of their assimilation.
The most important components of the structure of educational activities are the actions of self-control and self-assessment (not only of the result, but also of the method of action). Without these two leaders educational activities the student will not be able to determine the deficit of his abilities (the boundary of knowledge and ignorance), and without this he will not be able to set himself a learning task, and, therefore, solve it.
In 2009/10 academic year I had to graduate from the eleventh grade with 15 students, of which: 6 students passed the exam with a grade of “5”, and 7 students passed the exam with a grade of “4”, the quality was 85%. Average score amounted to -66.7 points. And in the 2011/12 school year, I graduated from the 9th grade with 22 students. Of these: 9 students passed with a grade of “5”, 9 students passed with a grade of “4” and 4 students passed with a grade of “3”. The average score was 40.59 points; the quality was 81.7%.
Successful passing of the exams was ensured by additional general, group and individual sessions– consultations.
Special classes help students develop means of control and assessment—I call them thematic consultations. I bring to your attention one of these consultations on the topic “Sentence Basis”.
Its type is a reflection lesson. Such consultations solve a number of educational objectives: allow you to generalize knowledge into different stages studying the material, monitoring the level of proficiency in concepts and methods, creating conditions for the formation of self-assessment actions, planning one’s own activities.
The overall outcome of such consultations is an increase in the level of proficiency educational material and development of the most important learning activities (self-control, self-assessment, reflection).
OBJECTIVES OF THE CONSULTATION:
For the teacher: organize educational activities at the stages of generalization and reflection.
For students: generalize knowledge about the phrase, perform self-assessment, realize their problems and difficulties, increase the level of proficiency in concepts and methods.
PROGRESS OF CONSULTATION:
The students had homework- compose on a separate sheet reference summary“What do I know about grammar?”
KNOW | BE ABLE TO |
1. scientific concept, definition of grammatical basis | 1. be able to correctly find the basis in a sentence |
2. simple verbal predicate | 2. distinguish predicates by the composition of words, by the way of expressing lexical and grammatical meanings |
3. compound verb predicate | 3. stylistically distinguish between simple and compound verbal predicates |
4. compound nominal predicate | 4. determine ways of expressing the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate |
STAGE 1: Filling out the reflective table.
Based on their homework, students are asked to fill out a reflective table. Its content is the answer to the question: “What should we know about the grammatical basis and be able to do in order to be successful in finding it correctly in sentences?” (The form of work is frontal).
Expressing the predicate with a simple verbal predicate:
1) Sister is studying in the first year of the pedagogical university.
(indicative, present tense)
2) My sister was studying in Kazan for three years.
(indicative, past tense)
3) My sister will study in Kazan.
(indicative, future complex tense)
4) My brother is fast will learn All in all, he has great abilities.
(indicative, future simple tense)
5) I would study only “A” grades.
(conditional mood)
6) Guys! Learn with great desire and diligence.
(imperative mood)
Expressing the predicate with a compound verbal predicate:
We let's start (start) walkingdog at exactly eight o'clock in the evening.
Guys keep thinkingabout the upcoming deal.
They can win in no time the enemy team.
Dad wanted to buy me a bike.
(a compound verb predicate is expressed:
auxiliary verb and infinitive verb; Auxiliary expresses the (im)possibility, (un)desirability, beginning, continuation, end of an action.
The main effect of positioning is in the infinitive, i.e. in n.f.)
Expressing a predicate with a compound nominal predicate:
1) My grandfather once was a teacher foreign language.
2) It was all in the bag , and everyone understood this.
3) Boy seemed smart and decent.
4) My brother became a hero.
5) Mitrofanushka lived as an undergrowth and was not interested in anything.
6) Mom gets home from work today I came tired.
CHECK YOURSELF:
1) The forest is festive and elegant. The house is located at a crossroads.
2) The father and the boy are sitting hungry without her. Everyone is sitting in their seats.
3) He came home from work irritated. He came home from work late.
WHAT PART OF THE SENTENCE IS THE VERB? SMOKING IN THESE OFFERS:
1)Smoking - harm health.
2) Bad habit - smoke.
4) Smoking habit hurt him a lot.
5) He went out to smoke.
(1-subject, 2-predicate, 3-object, 4-definition, 5-adverbial purpose)
1. In which sentence is the grammatical basis incorrectly highlighted:
1)In the audience there were forty-five Human.
2) Catch ruff or perch - what is it? bliss.
3) It's finally arrived fifteenth of May.
4) Why did this happen?
2. In which sentence is the grammatical basis incorrectly highlighted:
1) Our teacher we considered each other.
2) Use power tools need to very careful.
3) Ten nights in a rowshe couldn't find a place for herself, worried about her son.
4) We are with him were late for the meeting with comrades.
3. In which sentence is the grammatical basis incorrectly highlighted:
1) Her my eyes were teary.
2) All their thoughts were concentrated at this time on ourselves.
3) Particularly beautiful late autumn bright yellow chrysanthemums.
4) In the middle of the clearing there were beautiful birch trees , still small, the height of a person.
4. In which sentence is the grammatical basis incorrectly highlighted:
1) Trees the gardens are like canvas glued together by darkness.
2) Be able to express well your thoughts are the most important condition for success.
3) Mounds in the steppe they look like ripe ones watermelons.
4) Labor for a person it isfight with yourself.
5. In which sentence is the grammatical basis incorrectly highlighted:
1) Chief teacher any person - his life experience.
2) One boy two girls- only three.
3) Nature seems comes to life on canvasat the hand of a landscape artist.
4) Three times three is nine
ANSWERS:
1-1; 2-4; 3-2; 4-3; 5-3
Write out the grammatical basis from the sentence:
1. Three tents stood under the trees around the circumference of the lawn. (A. Rybakov)
2. After falling silent, Pinchuk decided to mend a hole in his tunic. (M. Alekseev)
3. Directors of enterprises came here to negotiate the connection of a new workshop, a new house. (D. Granin)
4. The Russian forest is good in winter and summer, autumn and spring. (I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
5. The wind, whistling, carried either large cold drops or prickly ice. (E. Dubrovsky)
6. Here at the exhibition of a small dim window, several cardboard boxes with paired, decorated with ribbons and bouquets, and wedding candles have been gathering dust for years. (B. Pasternak)
7. A dark cloud of smoke clouded the sky. (Yu. Kolesnikov)
8. I was not accepted into the army because of severe myopia (K. Paustovsky)
9. I see a late road and I’ll sprinkle it in the fields. (S. Kuznetsova)
10. Fog is an excellent cover from enemy aircraft. (L.Platov)
ANSWERS:
1) Three tents stood 2) Pinchuk decided to mend
3) The directors came 4) The forest is good
5) The wind was blowing 6) Several boxes were gathering dust
7) The cloud covered 8) They didn’t take it
9) I see 10) Fog is a cover
TASKS FROM GIA:
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 18:
(18) And the earth is becoming wider and wider.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 32:
(32) And my mother, and my father, and my sister, and all the neighboring people, and migratory birds, and settled birds are all mine.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 28:
(28) -Son, you turned out to be a hero.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 30:
(30) “I didn’t hide, but walked freely everywhere, because I knew the languages and customs of these people, and they accepted me as one of their own,” answered the prince.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 22:
(22) And protecting nature means protecting the homeland.
(4) This milk was boiled in a clay pot, covered with a ruddy foam on top, and under that foam it was fragrant, incredibly tasty, and it made the tea wonderful.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 1:
(1) For some reason I wanted to take colored pencils and draw something beautiful.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 23:
(23) I did so, and the snow on the roof became white and dirty on the horizon.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 2:
(2) Five sisters, golden-haired slaves, guard every step of their queen.
Indicate the number of grammatical stems in sentence 4:
(4) Beauty listens to the singing of slaves all day long, admires how they curl wreaths of fragrant roses, walks along the marble slabs of her palace and is bored.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 4:
(4) The best pieces from him, as a rule, were snatched from under the noses of others.
Indicate the number of grammatical stems in sentence 16:
(16) “I wonder what he saw there?” - thought the wolf.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 21:
(21) He endured a lot and therefore could better appreciate his happiness.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 38:
(38) Now people say that he is the most beautiful among the beautiful swans, the lilac bends its fragrant branches into the water towards him, and the sun caresses him with its warm, gentle rays.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 26:
(26 ) It was probably stronger near the shore.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 42:
(42) At some point he wanted to say that Dimka was lying - he didn’t save anyone, he just waved his arms and shouted, but the mere thought of attracting attention to himself made him feel ashamed...
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 7:
(7) I couldn’t answer this question then...
(18) How you don’t notice whether your mother is beautiful, whether your child is beautiful, or whether your sister is beautiful.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 10:
(10) In the time of Lermontov, photography and cinema were not yet known.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 5:
(5) Once a poet, in order to describe Moscow and the Kremlin, climbed its highest tower - the bell tower of Ivan the Great, from where he looked for a long time ancient city: houses, monuments, palaces, Moscow River.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 13:
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 7:
(7) Human personality is established in childhood; What a person will become depends largely on childhood impressions, observations, experiences
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 6:
(6) Moscow is “clad in granite” - the river is now bordered by shady boulevards.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 18:
(18) And so that the inhabitants of the new capital would know what labor it took their fathers to build new life in place of the old one, they must find out what old Moscow was like, how and what kind of people lived in it.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence 1:
(1) Many years ago the film “Chang” was shown in Leningrad.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 44:
(44) They disappeared from sight, and only a black cloud - a flock of magpies - marked their path.
Write down the grammatical basis from sentence27:
(27) But even when people come to nature, they do not know it, they do not know how to love it.
Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 14:
(14) If Ivan Makarovich, from an early age, saw every day how, having dispersed, the redneck tramples a birch tree, tilts it onto the top of a pine tree, puts on an empty bottle, throws tin cans, newspapers behind him, pours gasoline on the grass, then maybe he’d get used to it would treat this as normal, which was supposed to be from time immemorial.