All in the Unified State Exam on the history of 25 tasks. They are divided into two parts - 1 part of tasks with a short answer (1-19) and 2 part of tasks with a detailed answer (20-25). The answer to the tasks in the first part is a group of numbers, a word or a phrase. The answer to the tasks of the second part is the text (or several sentences) written by you. Remember that an appeal can only be submitted for points awarded for assignments of the second part since The first part is checked by the computer.

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Historical periods in the Unified State Examination 2018

The tasks in the exam on history 2018 are divided depending on the competency being tested, as well as the historical period. The last three stand out:

1. Antiquity and the Middle Ages (from VII to the end of the XVII century)
2. New history (from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century)
3. Recent history (from the beginning of the XX to the beginning of the XXI century) - about 40% of tasks belong to this section.

Tasks 1-6 of the exam on the history of 2018

Now let's take a closer look at the tasks of the first part.

Task number 1 in the exam on the history of 2018  - This task is to establish the correct chronological order of events. The answer to task 1 is a sequence of three digits, where the first is the earliest event, from your point of view, and the third is the latest. Note that in Task 1, one of the events presented is always  refers to the course of world history, so be sure to download a table of world history dates found in the USE, and try to learn them. Task number 1 is estimated at 1 point.

Task number 2 in the exam on the history of 2018  - This task is to establish correspondence between events and dates. In the left column are four events of the history of Russia, in the right - six dates, two of which are superfluous. The answer to Task 2 is a four-digit sequence. Correctly completed task number 2 is estimated at 2 points. At the same time, if you make one mistake, you can get 1 point. Since task number 2 checks the knowledge of the main dates in the history of Russia, try to find or download such a list and gradually learn it.

Task number 3 in the exam on the history of 2018 - task for knowledge of historical concepts and terms. The assignment presents six terms, four of which refer to one historical period, and two to others. You need to find terms that fall out of the general list and write down the answer in the form of two digits. Task number 3 is estimated at 2 points. A task completed with one error is estimated at 1 point.

Task number 4 in the exam on the history of 2018  - This task is also a knowledge of historical terms, but unlike the third, it involves an answer in the form of a word or phrase. Task number 4 is estimated at 1 point.

Task number 5 in the exam on the history of 2018  - the task of establishing compliance, as a rule, between processes, phenomena or events and the facts associated with them. The task contains four processes and six facts, two of which are superfluous. The answer to task number 5 is a sequence of four digits. A correctly completed task is estimated at 2 points, with one error - at 1 point.

Task number 6 in the exam on the history of 2018  - This is also the task of establishing compliance, but here the work will be conducted with historical tex. You will be offered two fragments of texts and six characteristics to them. For each of the fragments, it is necessary to select two correct characteristics (two of the six characteristics, as well as in tasks 2 and 5, are superfluous). The answer to task No. 5 is a sequence of four numbers, if all are correct - 2 points. A task completed with one error is estimated at 1 point.

Tasks 7-12 USE on the history of 2018

Task number 7 in the exam on the history of 2018  - a task for multiple choice, in which it is necessary to choose three (of the six proposed) correct characteristics of a period, phenomenon, politics, war, etc. The answer is a sequence of three digits and this task is rated at 2 points.

Task number 8 in the exam on the history of 2018entirely devoted to the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In this task, as a rule, knowledge of dates (up to a month), geographical objects, special terms (the name of operations, conferences), as well as personalities (war heroes, front commanders, etc.) is checked. The correct answer is estimated at 2 points. A task completed with one error is estimated at 1 point.

Task number 9 in the exam on the history of 2018  its structure resembles tasks 2 and 5. Only here is the knowledge of historical figures checked. The scoring system is the same as in tasks 2 and 5.

Task number 10 in the exam on the history of 2018- this is a task for the analysis of a text source dedicated to the events of the beginning of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. The answer to task 10 is the name of the activist, the name of the policy, period, historical term, etc. It is estimated at 1 point.

Task number 11 in the exam on the history of 2018  is a table into which you need to enter the missing items from the list below. As a rule, you need to correlate the date (century, period) with the events of Russian history and world history. Correctly completed task 11 is estimated at 3 points, with one error - 2 points, with two - 1 point.

Task number 12 in the exam on the history of 2018also contains an excerpt from a historical text to which six statements are given, three of which are true. To solve task 12, carefully read the text several times, because sometimes it directly contains tips. A correctly completed task is estimated at 2 points, with one error - 1 point.

Tasks for working with a historical map and images in the exam

Tasks 13, 14 and 15 in the exam in the history of 2018performed using a historical map or chart. In the process of preparation, try to pay special attention to working with the map; for this, download atlases on the history of Russia from the Internet or a selection of maps and diagrams specifically for the USE on history. In these tasks, as a rule, the person’s name is asked, associated with the events on the map, geographical name (city, fortress, river, etc.) and, sometimes, the time period. Tasks 13-15 are each rated at 1 point.

Task number 16 in the exam on the history of 2018it is also connected with the historical map and involves the choice of a list of judgments related to the events to which the map is dedicated. As in other tasks for multiple choice, you need to write down the answer in the form of three consecutive digits. Correctly completed task - 2 points, with one error - 1 point.

Task number 17 in the exam on the history of 2018tests knowledge of Russian culture. Here you need to correlate a cultural monument with its author / characteristic / time of occurrence, etc. For the successful completion of this task, you need to master a huge layer of information about the culture of Russia, for this, download or buy special cultural manuals for the exam. This will help you not to get confused in the variety of cultural monuments. Correctly completed task - 2 points, with one error - 1 point.

Assignment number 18-19 in the exam on the history of 2018 - work with a picture, brand, photograph or other image. Often tasks 18 and 19 are connected with the culture of Russia. For their successful implementation, carefully consider each image, paying particular attention to the inscriptions in the pictures, if any. Often they can give an answer to a asked question. Each of the tasks is rated at 1 point.

Tasks with a detailed answer in the Unified State Exam 2018

  Part 2, quests 20-25

Now we will pass to tasks of 2 parts i.e. parts with a detailed answer. Here are some helpful suggestions that we hope will help you get the most points for these tasks.

Tasks №20, 21, 22 in the exam on the history of 2018(maximum 2 points for each) are associated with the historical text given at the beginning of part 2. Do not be lazy to read the text several times (preferably 3 times). The first time - make up the general impression of the text, trying to determine the time when it was written. Then look at 20-22 exercises. The second time - you read, paying special attention (or even highlighting with a pen) to historical terms, names and surnames of figures, as well as any other elements that seemed important to you in the context of the questions asked. Then, at the third reading, select the phrases or phrases that you will then use when answering 21 tasks (it is almost always in the text).

In tasks number 23 and 24 in the exam on the history of 2018(maximum 3 and 4 points respectively) write as detailed as possible. Do not be shy about your knowledge! However, common phrases should be avoided. Build each position according to the scheme argument / position + fact confirming this argument.

Analysis of the difficult tasks of the exam in history

Kovalevsky Stanislav Alexandrovich

The tasks of part 2 of the exam in history are traditionally considered the most difficult for graduates who have received secondary general education. Why? It is worth identifying several reasons:

Presentation of a certain level of requirements for the individual preparation of the student, the degree of ownership of historical material.

The increased complexity of tasks requiring not only the application of knowledge to solve practical problems, but also an understanding of the requirements for individual tasks.

Answers to the tasks of Part 2 are evaluated by experts. Complete correct execution of tasks 20, 21, 22 is rated 2 points; tasks 23 - 3 points, tasks 24 - 4 points; tasks 25 - 11 points.

Tasks 20 - 22 require the graduate to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the historical source.

Task number 20 It requires the graduate, as a rule, either to establish the passage of the passage to its author, or to establish the identity (ruler) with whom this historical source is organically connected.Task number 21   involves a direct analysis of the source, identifying the position of the author.Task number 22   links the presented text with historical events and personalities.

Our example:

From the notes of a foreigner

“____________ was so fortunate that he defeated the Novgorodians at the Sheloni River and, forcing the vanquished to recognize themselves as their master and sovereign, ordered them to pay a large sum of money; he did not leave from there before placing his governor there. Finally, after seven years, he returned there and, having entered the city with the help of Archbishop Theophilos, turned the inhabitants into the most miserable slavery. He seized gold and silver, took away even all the property of citizens, so he took out more than three hundred fully loaded carts from there. He himself was only once present at the war, precisely when he conquered the principalities of Novgorod and Tver;

at other times, he, as a rule, never was in battles and still always won victories, so Stefan, the famous governor of Moldova, often commemorated him with pipax, saying that he, sitting at home, multiplies his power, and he, fighting daily, barely able to defend their borders.

He also set kings of his own accord in Kazan, sometimes took them prisoner, although under old age he suffered a very strong defeat from them. He also ... built the [new] walls of the Moscow fortress, his residence, which can be seen hitherto. For the poor, oppressed by the more powerful and offended by them, access to it was blocked.

However, no matter how powerful he was, he was still forced to obey the Horde. When the ambassadors of the Horde arrived, he went to meet them outside the city and, standing, listened to their sitting. His Greek wife was so indignant at this that she repeated daily that she married the slave of the Horde, and therefore, in order to leave this slave custom someday, she persuaded her husband to pretend to be sick when the Horde arrived. ”

20. Name the ruler, whose name is twice missing in the text. Indicate the age in which most of his reign falls. Call him "Greek wife," referred to in the text.

Answer:

To build proposals for the tasks of Part 2 of the USE on history, it is worth using the questions contained in the tasks to construct the answer directly. By constructing the answer in this way you can always correctly indicate which part of the question you are answering.

- The name is missing twice in the text   IvanaIII  Vasilyevich.

- Most of his reign falls on XV  century.

- “Greek wife” referred to in the text   - Sophia Paleolog.

It is worth considering the fact that answering only part of the question, you can count on 1 point out of 2 possible, only if you correctly indicate two of its elements.

21. What are the successes associated with the activities of this ruler, the author calls? Give any three examples of his success.

Answer:

It should be borne in mind that the graduate is not required to accurately rewrite the corresponding fragments of the text.

The victory of the Moscow army in the battle of r. Cheloni

Recognition by the Novgorodians of IvanIII  Vasilyevich as lord and sovereign, as a result of which the Novgorod Republic became part of the Moscow Principality

Construction (repair) of new fortifications in Moscow, construction of buildings in Moscow

Foreign policy influence on the policies pursued by the Kazan Khanate (establishment of Kazan rulers pleasing to IvanIII  Vasilievich).

22. What event resulted in the liberation of the Moscow state from the dependence mentioned in the third paragraph of the text? Indicate the year when this event occurred. What is the ruler who opposed the Moscow state during this event?

Answer:

The liberation of the Moscow state from dependence was the result of the victory over the khan of the Great Horde Akhmat as a result of the events known to us as “Standing on the river. Ugra. "

This event dates back to 1480.

During this event, the khan of the Great Horde Akhmat opposed the Moscow state.

Task number 23   involves a graduate's analysis of the presented historical problem, the establishment of causal relationships of events that have had a significant impact on the historical development of domestic history.

Our example:

23. In the first years of the reign of Alexander II, most landlord nobles and the highest bureaucracy opposed the abolition of serfdom
and other reforms, later called "great." However, the emperor was firmly convinced of the need for large-scale transformations. What objective reasons did Alexander II have for this? Give any three reasons.

Answer:

Serfdom, as a form of feudal dependence of peasants, impeded the economic development of Russia. The need of industry for workers became a limiting factor in its development, which was one of the reasons for Russia’s lagging in the path of the industrial revolution from the advanced countries of Europe.

Significant influence on the implementation of the "great reforms" by AlexanderII  The foreign policy situation in which Russia found itself in connection with the defeat in the Crimean War (1853 - 1856) also had an impact. Only a strong Russia with a capable, technically re-equipped army and navy could count on revising the outcome of the Crimean War.

Deterioration of the economic situation of peasants, increase in peasant riots and revolutionary moods in society.

When solving tasks, it is worth considering that you can get 3 primary points only if you have the correct answer for each element of the answer being evaluated. With a partial solution of the task - 1 point for each correct answer.

Task number 24

Task number 24 involves the argumentation of their own opinions in the framework of the historical problem. The discussion problem requires the graduate to present polar points of view, both confirming and denying the statement presented in the assignment. The position indicated by the graduate must contain not only a value judgment, but also evidence in the form of a fact (facts). Moreover, and this applies to all tasks of part 2 of the USE in history, a graduate can bring more than two (required) positions, which is not a drawback of the answer and creates a certain opportunity to get the maximum score, even if one of the arguments is not counted as true. It should be borne in mind that, citing arguments only to confirm or refute a position, you can only count on 1 primary point out of 4 possible.

Our example:

In historical science, there are debatable problems on which various, often conflicting points of view are expressed. The following is one of the controversial points of view existing in historical science.

"The Soviet-Finnish war had favorable consequences for the USSR."

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments with which you can confirm this point of view, and two arguments with which you can refute it. When setting out the arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

Write down the answer in the following form.

Answer:

Arguments in support of:

1) the USSR gained experience of military operations in the winter, the experience of breaking through defense in depth located in a wooded area. The effectiveness of the use of submachine guns by Finnish troops in combat conditions led to the return of this type of weapons to the USSR Armed Forces.

2) the USSR in the framework of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939 - 1940. was able to acquire a number of territories that played an important role during the Great Patriotic War. So, control over the water area of \u200b\u200bLake Ladoga was able to secure Murmansk, located near the Soviet-Finnish border; establishing control over Kaleria and a number of islands in the Gulf of Finland secured Leningrad, which was a major industrial center of the USSR.

Arguments to refute:

1) One of the results of the Soviet-Finnish war was the deterioration of the international position of the USSR, its expulsion from the League of Nations in 1939 as an aggressor, and a decrease in foreign trade relations with the capitalist countries of the world (USA).

2) The huge losses of the Soviet troops during the Soviet-Finnish war became one of the reasons for the formation of ideas about the weakness of the Soviet army, its inability to effectively conduct combat operations, to overcome the enemy fortification lines, which was the result of the strengthening of the opinions of supporters of the war with the USSR in Germany (06/22/1941 - 05/09/1945).

3) The Soviet-Finnish war and its results became the reason for the rapprochement of Germany and Finland, its participation in the Great Patriotic War on the side of the axis countries, with the return in 1941 of the territories lost during the war of 1939-1940. (until 1944). The Karelian issue is today a stumbling block in relations between Russia and Finland.

Task number 25

Task number 25 - a historical essay. Without completing the task, the graduate loses the opportunity to get 11 primary points. Writing a historical work involves the variability of choice on the part of the graduate. For successful writing of a historical essay, it is worth considering the criteria for evaluating the task:

Indication of events (two events, phenomena, process). These can be both the most important events of a given historical period, and the dates of the current historical process. But, even owning historical material, do not oversaturate the historical composition with dates, because in the conditions of the exam (strong excitement), you can make a mistake and deprive yourself of 2 primary points by the criterion K6 (the presence of actual events). That is, you should indicate only those dates that you have no doubt about.

Historical personalities and their role in the specified events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of history (it is required to bring two historical personalities, to reveal their role in the specified historical period on specific facts). Instead of indicating a dozen names in the historical essay, it’s worth focusing on a detailed description of two or three key personalities that occupy a central place within the chosen historical period, indicating specific actions of the person.

Causal relationships (it is worth indicating two causal relationships that characterize the causes of events). Here you can indicate the causes of events, their influence on the further development of the historical process.

Assessment of the impact of events (assessment of events on the further historical development of Russia by a graduate is based on specific facts and (or) the opinions of historians). For example, according to the doctor of historical sciences, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.N. Sakharov this period ...

Use of terminology (correct application of the conceptual apparatus by the graduate).

The presence / absence of actual errors

Form of presentation (sequential presentation of the selected historical period, individual parts of the composition are logically connected).

Our example:

You need to write a historical work aboutONE   from periods of Russian history:

1) 862–945; 2) June 1762 –– November 1796; 3) June 1945 –– March 1953

In the essay you need:

–– indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;

–– name two historical figures whose activities are related
with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, to characterize the roles of the personalities you named
in these events (phenomena, processes);

Attention!

When characterizing the role of each person you named, it is necessary to indicate the specific actions of this person, which significantly influenced the course and (or) the result of these events (processes, phenomena).

–– indicate at least two causal relationships characterizing the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred
in a given period;

–– using knowledge of historical facts and (or) the opinions of historians, to assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.

In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.

Answer:

862 - 945 years.

In historical science there are several points of view about the date of the emergence of the Old Russian state.

Some scientists adhere to the point of view that the date of the emergence of the Old Russian state is862 - the year of calling of the Varangians to Russia.

This event underlies the Norman theory of the emergence of statehood among the Eastern Slavs (founders - Miller, Bayer). Historians believe that only the calling of the Varangians-Rus (Rurik, Sineus and Truvor), i.e. external factor, contributed to the unification of the Slavs. In contrast, the anti-Normanists (the founder of the theory - M.V. Lomonosov) are of the opinion that without the formation of internal premises (cultural and economic unity of the region, the social stratification of ancient Russian society and the allocation of power), the formation of the state is not possible.

Some scientists believe that a single state among the Eastern Slavs arose in 882 as a result of the campaign of Prince Oleg the Prophet of Novgorod to Kiev.  Moreover, he had to kill the rulers of Kiev - Askold and Dir. (Askold and Dir were the warriors of Prince Rurik, who left him in 864, hoping to go to the service of the Byzantine emperor, but established themselves in Kiev as princes. In the history of Askold and Dir, the first princes who converted to Christianity after an unsuccessful campaign against Constantinople in 866). It would be wrong not to mention the participation in the campaign of 882 of Igor Rurikovich. After all, it was precisely Igor and his right to power because of belonging to the princely family that Oleg Veshchy relied in a dispute with Askold and Deere.

The creation of the core of statehood subsequently led to the fact that other territories of the East Slavic tribes were included in Kievan Rus. So, in 843 the lands of Drevlyans were annexed to the Old Russian state, in 844 - northerners, in 845 - radimichi.

In addition, the creation of a unified East Slavic union led to the strengthening of its international authority. In 907, Oleg Veshchiy was able to make a successful trip to Constantinople, which led Russia to conclude a profitable trade and military agreement with one of the largest empires of the Middle Ages - Byzantium.

However, it is not worth idealizing the history of Kievan Rus. When the rulers changed, certain territories in this historical period attempted to return to independence. So, during the transfer of power to Igor Rurikovich, there is an attempt to isolate the drevlyans. Tensions, as well as the requirements of greater tribute, caused the death of the prince in 945 in the Drevlyansky lands.

The unification of the Eastern Slavic tribes into a single alliance made it possible to confront the external threat from nomadic tribes (in 965 - 967, Svyatoslav Igorevich defeated the Khazars, in 1037 Yaroslav the Wise defeated the Pechenegs under the walls of Kiev).

In contrast to the united Russia, the fragmented principalities could not resist the threat from the steppe in 1237 - 1242, being for a long time enslaved by the Mongol conquerors.

Discussions about the time (date) of the emergence of the state among the Eastern Slavs in historical science do not subside today. But, in my opinion, the point of view of the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.N. Sakharov thatthe emergence of the East Slavic state was facilitated by both external (calling of the Varangians) and internal factors (social stratification, separation of the nobility, the development of economic ties within the trade routes ("from the Varangians to buckwheat", the Volga way).

To 1 - 2 points - Two events (phenomena, processes) are correctly indicated

K2 - 2 points - Two historical personalities are correctly named, the role of each of these personalities is correctly characterized

K3 - 2 points - Two causal relationships characterizing the causes of the events are correctly indicated

K4 - 2 points - An assessment is given of the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of a given period on the further history of Russia

K5 - 1 point - Historical terminology is correctly used in the presentation

K6 - 2 points - There are no factual errors in the historical composition

K7 - 1 point - The answer is presented in the form of a historical essay (sequential, coherent presentation of the material)

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Preparation for the exam and exam

Secondary general education

Line of teaching materials of I. I. Andreev, O. V. Volobuev. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist of the Russian Textbook Corporation *,teacher of the highest category: “In my opinion, half the success (if not more) in the exam in history and social science depends on the number of thoroughly sorted standard tasks. It is disassembled tasks, not just completed ones. At the same time, it is important to enter events, processes, phenomena of national history into the context of world history, establishing links between various social phenomena and processes. ”

Evgeni Mikhailovich Polushin, teacher of history and social science of the 1st category, 5 years work experience as a teacher, graduate of the Faculty of History of Moscow State Pedagogical University named after IN AND. Lenin, Ph.D.:“The unified state exam in history consists of 25 tasks. Answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 suggest detailed answers. Let's take a look at these tasks. The seeming simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so strong knowledge is required, but you can’t count on luck. ”

1.   In the first task, it is supposed to arrange in chronological order events related to national and world history:

1) Convocation of the first Zemsky Cathedral

2) The proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor

3) The annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire

It would be good here to know the dates: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800 g .; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such bright events in history are well remembered at least in chronological order.

2.   In the second task, you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, you need to know the dates, at least to imagine - about the era of government of a politician in question. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use it in an exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more events than dates, that is, the exclusion method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Rus is firmly known to any student who passes the exam in history - 988. The decree "On free cultivators" is also a textbook - 1803, the abolition of parochialism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th CPSU conference is Gorbachev, therefore, 1988

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations not related to the period 1945-1953:

1) the CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

In this case, we will need to know that the Council of People's Commissars (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. Its existence refers to an earlier period, and the CIS (the community of independent states) is currently at the hearing, which also does not correspond to the indicated period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest public office in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. He was elected for one or two years at the veche and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince was in charge of management and the court, commanded the army, and led the veche assembly and the boyar council.

According to the first words, "The highest public office in the Novgorod Republic ..." it is clear that we are talking about a posadnik. In addition to the posadnik in Novgorod, a thousand was elected, and the assistant posadnik he led the city militia. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

A couple of World War I - Brusilovsky breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French Coalition, too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful trip to the Polovtsy at school are studied, in addition to history, also in the lessons of music and literature. The battle at Klushino is Vasily Shuisky’s unsuccessful attempt to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Semiboyarshchyna, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics, indicated by numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A)“We wish by this registered decree with our royal mercy and paternal mercy to all who were formerly in the peasantry and citizenship of the landlords, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and reward with the ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom, and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruiting sets, per capita and other monetary taxes, ownership of land, forest, hayfields and fishing, and salt lakes without purchase and without rent, and we release all the noblemen and town bribes formerly repaired from villains Uday and peasants throughout narodu- imposed taxes and encumbrances. "

B)“If one of the landowners wishes to release his acquired or clan peasants individually or as a whole village and at the same time approve a plot of land · or a whole summer cottage, then having made conditions with them, which by mutual consent are recognized as the best, he has to submit them upon request through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of the Interior for consideration and submission to us; and if a decision follows us that he wishes, then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and recorded in serfdom with the payment of legal duties. ... Peasants and villages, released from landowners under such conditions with the land, if they do not wish to enter other conditions, can remain farmers on their own lands and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators. "

SPECIFICATIONS

1) This document was published by Alexander 11
   2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
   3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
   4) This document was published by Alexander 1
   5) According to this document, some duties imposed by Peter 1 are abolished.
   6) This document was published by the leader of the popular uprising.

Reasoning

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes obvious if you pay attention to the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the XVIII century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of recruitment sets and the return of the old cross and beards. Namely recruitment kits and a pillow tax are innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree “On free cultivators” of 1803, which, as you know, allowed the landlords to let the peasants free with the land with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the listed events relate to the 18th century:

1) The Battle of Borodino
   2) Gangut sea battle
   3) Shipka defense
   4) the battle of Gross Jegersdorf
   5) Sinop Sea Battle
   6) the battle of Rymnik

Here are some pretty famous battles, let's remember them. The battle of Borodino is the war of 1812, the Gangutsk naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Shipka Defense is an episode of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf refers to the Seven Years War of 1756-1763. , Sinop Sea Battle - Crimean War, 1853, The Battle of Rymnik occurred during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1791.

Accordingly, the XVIII century includes: the Gangut sea battle, the Battle of Gross-Jegersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, select the number of the element you need:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, especially distinguished in the Battle of Stalingrad ___
   B) The full liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade occurred in January ___
   C) September 30, 1941 began ___

Missing items:
1) defense of the Brest Fortress
   2) 1943
   3) 1944
   4) V.I. Chuykov
   5) N.F. Vatutin
   6) the battle for Moscow

World War II in the course of Russian history of the XX century. great attention is paid, and significant battles that have had a significant impact on the course of World War II are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikova.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken back in 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Moscow battle began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counterattack near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 was the first major successful offensive operation of the Red Army in the Second World War.

9. Set the correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
   A) the development of Russia Siberia and the Far East
   B) internecine war in the Principality of Moscow
   C) The Northern War
   D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in the USSR

PARTICIPANTS
   1) Dmitry Shemyaka
   2) Ivan 111
   3) E.P. Principality of Khabarov in the second half of the 15th century
   4) A.N. Kosygin
   5) G.A. Potemkin
   6) B.P. Sheremetev

The development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Principality of Moscow was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Decree of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the surname three times missing in the text:

"The ___ Nobel Prize award, essentially for the Doctor Zhivago novel, hastily covered with high-flown phrases about his lyrics and prose, in fact emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles ... Given the political and moral decline of ___, his betrayal of the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid by the Nobel Prize in the interests of fomenting the Cold War - the Presidium of the Board of the USSR SP, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the RSFSR and the Presidium of the Moscow branch of the RSFSR JV depriving ___ of the title of Soviet writer, expelling him from the membership of the USSR SP ”.

In this task, the name of the novel will tell the name of the author. Of course, this is Parsnip.

11. Fill in the empty cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the element you need:

Missing items:
   1) the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
   2) the first convocation of the General States in France
   3) XIII century.
   4) Kulikovo battle
   5) XVII century.
   6) the emergence of the state of francs
   7) X century
   8) oprichnina
   9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Truth

The complexity of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

XI century in the history of Russia - this is the creation of "Russian Truth."

The battle of ice or the battle on Lake Peipsi - 1242, which means the 13th century, the baptism of Russia - 988, i.e. X century., And the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. the Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convocation of the General States in France (1302).

12. Read an excerpt from the USSR Constitution:

“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist nation-wide state that expresses the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which make up the political basis of the USSR. All other state bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all government bodies from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and binding decisions of higher authorities for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines a single leadership with local initiative and creative activity, with the responsibility of each state body and official for the task entrusted. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its organs act on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations, officials are obliged to comply with the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, as well as put to a popular vote (referendum). Article b. The guiding and guiding force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations, is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people ... ”

Using a passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR I.V. Stalin
   2) The principle of democratic centralism implies binding decisions of higher authorities for lower ones
   3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR during the entire history of the Soviet Union has never been implemented
   4) According to this passage in the USSR there is Soviet power
   5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
   6) One of the articles of the Constitution of the USSR presented in the passage was canceled before the collapse of the USSR

In this passage from the Constitution of the USSR there are several "lighthouses" that need attention:

1) reference to art. 6 about the CPSU as the "leading and directing force" of Soviet society. This immediately suggests that before us is the "Brezhnev" Constitution of 1977.
2) reference to the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgment. 1) - immediately sweep, because led by Brezhnev. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 It is clear enough about this. 3) - does not fit, because a referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held in 1991. 4) - fits clearly. 5) - not suitable, because Party congresses did not accept the Constitution, but only Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 tbsp. It was canceled in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which occurred in 1991.

Consider the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:

13. What is the enemy country of Russia in the war, which is dedicated to the scheme:

Quests on the historical map are often difficult. In this case, a map of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is presented. this is understandable by geographical names.

14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1":

The number "1" indicates the battle of Mukden in Manchuria. The commander of the Russian troops was General Kuropatkin.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is shaded and indicated on the diagram by the number "2":

The number "2" indicates the Tsushimke naval battle.

16. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are true? Choose three judgments from the six proposed. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city indicated in the diagram by the number “3” was not surrendered to the enemy
   2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "2", was commanded by Z.P. Christmas
   3) The peace treaty following the results of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
   4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated in the diagram by the number “3”, was R.I. Kondratenko
   5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, Russia lost Vladivostok
   6) In the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1", the Russian troops won.

Here we again choose the right judgment. The number 3 indicates the fortified city of Port Arthur; it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) does not fit. 2) - suitable, because Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhdestvensky. 3) - suitable, because a peace treaty was indeed signed at Portsmouth, USA. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of defense of Port Arthur. 5) - does not fit, Vladivostok Russia did not lose. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden, the Russian army was rather defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Set the correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE
   A) The Tale of Bygone Years
   B) The Tsar Cannon
   C) the painting "Boyar Morozov"
   D) sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Girl"

SPECIFICATIONS
1) a cultural monument was created in the XVI century.
   2) a cultural monument was created in the XVII century. author - I.E. Repin
   4) author - V.I. Mukhina
   5) author-monk of the Kiev Pechersk Monastery Nestor
   6) author - V.I. Surikov

The Tale of Bygone Years, according to the generally accepted version, is written by the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by the master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyar Morozova” was written by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Girl" was created by V.I. Mukhina.

18. What are the correct judgments about this coin? Choose two judgments from five proposed:

1) This coin was issued after the Caribbean crisis.
   2) The monument depicted on the coin is installed in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
   3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the emblem of the USSR, depicted on a coin, had decreased
   4) The war, in which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of victory, began in the first decade of June
   5) The monument depicted on the coin was created by the sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The jubilee coin depicts the sculpture "Motherland is calling." It was created by 1967 according to the project of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again we choose the right judgment. 1) - true, the Caribbean crisis was in 1962. 2) - true, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and was established in Volgograd. Here you can stop, in the condition it was required to choose two correct judgments. 3) - not true, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vucheticha.

19. Indicate the photographs of buildings whose construction was completed in the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR of the same statesman):

To begin with, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, at the time of the opening of the monument “Motherland Calls!” In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982 gg.). So the building is suitable under the number 2) - the house of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) - this is a book house on New Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

MISSIONS 20-25

From the emperor’s manifest

“Immortal glory, wise Monarch, Amiable Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, what burden and colossal work was forced to bear only for the well-being and benefit of His fatherland, leading Russia to perfect knowledge of both military, civil and political affairs , not only all of Europe; but most of the world is a false witness. But how to restore this, it was necessary, first of all ... to teach the noble nobility and show how great are the advantages of the proclaimed powers in the prosperity of the human race against countless peoples plunged in the depths of ignorance; therefore, at that time, sacrifice insisted on the Russian nobility, showing excellent signs of mercy to them, ordered them to join military and civil services, and, moreover, to teach the noble youth, not only various free sciences, but also many useful arts ...
   The aforementioned institution, although it was somewhat useful at the beginning, was very useful, but since the time of Peter the Great, everyone who owned the Russian Throne, and especially Our Good Aunt, blessed memory, Sovereign Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, imitating the affairs of the Sovereign Parent, followed spread political affairs and different sciences and multiplied ... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit that there have been countless benefits from this, rudeness has been destroyed in negligence x about the benefits of the common, ignorance has changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skilled and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs has put knowledgeable and fit people, in a word to conclude, noble thoughts are rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots unlimited faithfulness and love to us, great zeal and excellent zeal for our service, and therefore we do not find the need for coercion to the service, which until now has been needed ...

1) All the nobles in our various services can continue it for as long as they wish ... "

20. Indicate the year this manifesto was published. Indicate the emperor who issued this manifesto. Indicate the name of this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document it is indicated that this is a manifest. The text of the document refers to the release of the nobility from the compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the nobility of liberty from 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, in the opinion of the author of the manifesto, is the reason that made Peter I oblige the nobles to serve and study? What does the author of the manifesto see the merit of Elizabeth Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be performed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the good of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “disseminated and multiplied various sciences” (she founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility has become educated and diligent in service. And therefore there is no need to force him to her.

22. Indicate any three measures that are not mentioned in this manifesto, taken by the author of the manifesto during his reign:

Peter III did not rule for long, about six months, was killed by the guards conspirators, who enthroned Catherine II, but managed to do something. Firstly, he abolished the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he led Russia out of the Seven Years' War, entering into an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, attracted the wrath of the guard.

23. In 1990, a program was developed for the transition of the USSR to a market economy, which was called "500 days." Indicate any two areas of economic reform that were envisaged to be implemented as part of the implementation of this program. Indicate the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The 500 Days program envisaged a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: \u200b\u200b1) to privatize state property and 2) to cancel centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program, fearing social disturbances.

24. In historical science, there are debatable problems on which various, often conflicting points of view are expressed. The following is one of the controversial points of view existing in historical science:

"The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful"

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments with which you can confirm this point of view, and two arguments with which you can refute it. When setting out the arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

Reasoning

Arguments in support of:

1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Khaganate, to whom the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He appointed the rulers of certain lands not his leaders of tribal unions, as it was before, but his sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments to refute:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time in campaigns, leaving Kiev without cover of the squad, which the Pechenegs used more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, having concluded a peace not particularly beneficial for Russia, and was killed by the Pechenegs, returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods in the history of Russia:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 -October 1928. In the composition it is necessary:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during the Patriotic War of 1812 until the uprising of the Decembrists. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out especially - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the Decembrist uprising of 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who, from his youth, had dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to maintain the European order that was established after the anti-French coalition defeated Napoleonic France and prevent revolutions.

This alliance, originally founded by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I. counted on. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, crushed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such activity of Russia frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of plans for expansion, for example, in the Balkans, which later affected during the Crimean War, in which Russia did not have allies. The absence of allies and international isolation became important reasons for the offensive defeat of Russia in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the “Constitution” - the programs of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the overseas campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they got acquainted with the way of life and ways of government that were very different from Russian realities. The lack of serfdom, the relative economic well-being of peasants, officers dreamed of realizing in Russia. On their way, in their opinion, there was an autocratic power, firmly standing guard over serfdom and administrative arbitrariness. Although until the end of the 1810s, her young officers hoped for the good will of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Having ascertained that Alexander had cooled off to reform, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The northern society created by N. Muravyov represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, which presupposed the preservation of the monarchy, provided that it became constitutional. The Decembrist uprising, as they were later called, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally crushed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of selfless service to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe country's well-being. Although there is another opinion formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprising. He considered it pointless and even harmful, frightening and embittered the authorities, and making liberal transformations impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways he was right. ”

   * Since May 2017, the combined publishing group DROFA-VENTANA has been part of the Russian Textbook Corporation. The corporation also includes Astrel Publishing House and LECTA Digital Educational Platform. Alexander Brychkin, graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. in Economics, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, the Russian Electronic School, LECTA digital educational platform) has been appointed the General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA Publishing House, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST Publishing Holding.

Today, the Russian Textbook Publishing Corporation has the largest portfolio of textbooks on the Federal List — 485 items (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for special schools). The corporation’s publishers own the most popular sets of textbooks in physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy — the fields of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's productive potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and teaching aids for elementary schools, awarded the Presidential Award in the field of education. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of scientific, technical and industrial potential of Russia.

This is task number 2 from the first part of our exam. We are invited to events from the history of Russia and, accordingly, a list of six dates, where two are superfluous. The task is to correctly establish the correspondence between an event, a process, a phenomenon and its date.

The task may include any event, starting from the VIII century and ending with the beginning of the XXI. This is its main difficulty, but at the same time, there is a chance to get an easy option, where events relate to completely different eras. Confusion can add the fact that the exercise may include some points from the history of culture. You should not be afraid of this, you need to concentrate and remember as much as possible!

It will not work to memorize predefined dates in this task. However, if during the preparation for the exam, you were attentive to all the events, you can easily get as many as two primary points! If one mistake was made (including one of the digits missing or one extra) - 1 point. Unfortunately, two or more errors reset the task.

Task execution algorithm

1. We carefully read the task itself
2. View material (events and dates)
3. Using the calendar method, we write an approximate date next to the events
4. We select the appropriate dates from the list.
5. Write the answer

Analysis of typical options for tasks №2 USE on history

The first version of the assignment (demo version of 2018)

Dealing with this task is not difficult, this is the easiest option when all events relate to completely different centuries and confusing something here is problematic. But still, we will analyze in more detail.

So, the first mention of Moscow in the annals (by the way, the same as the year of the founding of Moscow) is a rather famous event. It is especially familiar to residents of the capital, but what if you are not a Muscovite? Everything is simple. Logically, we understand that the foundation of Moscow happened quite early, which means that options 4,5,6 are clearly not suitable for us. Then you need to remember that Moscow was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky (he is depicted on the arms of the Moscow region). Knowing this fact, we understand that the year 988 is not suitable for us, because firstly, this is the baptism of Russia, and secondly, Vladimir Svyatoslavich (Krasno Solnyshko) ruled at that time. It must be remembered that Moscow was founded in 1147, and exactly 10 years later its founder, Yuri Dolgoruky, died.

Moving on, the Caribbean crisis. Everything related to various crises in foreign policy mainly refers to the 20th century. And we still have two options for 1939 or 1962. We determine that 1939 is the year of the reign of I.V. Stalin, and 1962 - N.S. Khrushchev. You can remember this event easily, the Caribbean crisis (aka Cuban) is a direct manifestation of the danger of nuclear war. During this crisis, the whole world was one step away from the start of the third world war, fortunately, they were able to avoid it. The Second World War fell on Stalin’s shoulders, but the danger of a nuclear war fell on Khrushchev’s reign.

Battle of Borodino

Remains the battle of Borodino and the Copper riot. Talking about the Battle of Borodino makes no sense, everyone knows about it. Copper riot is also an event whose year is easy to determine. The bulk of the riots occurred during the reign of the first Romanovs (the Salt Riot, the uprising of Stepan Razin and others). Knowing this fact, we can easily choose the right option.

Answer: 2643

The second version of the assignment (Arthasov's collection)

Let's get started! Another approach to the implementation of complex tasks is the selection at the beginning of easy answers, in which we are 100% sure, and then, eliminating (excluding) unnecessary ones, we compare the remaining ones.

Let's try it. The easiest event here is the Battle of Kalka, something that everyone who wants to pass the USE well must know. This is the year 1223, we easily respond and discard this option.

Adoption of the Land Decree. The word Decree in the assignment should immediately refer you to 1917-1918; it was then that the first decrees of Soviet power were adopted. Even if you have forgotten this fact, you need to understand that decrees are always the 20th century. From the 20th century, we have only two dates, 1917 and 1954. But 1954 is the reign of N.S. Khrushchev, and he already did not accept any decrees.

The convening of the first Zemsky Sobor (Council of Reconciliation) is also a rather significant event, which you need to know. He passed in the Faceted Chamber in Moscow, and considered questions about the new Judicial Code and the reforms of the Chosen One. Understanding that the Chosen Rada participated in it, we realize that this is the period of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, and therefore, the year 1549.

There remains the completion of the railway. I must admit that this event is not an easy one. But eliminating the answers already used, there are only three options left - 1796, 1851, 1954. Moscow - St. Petersburg - this is a fairly important transport line, which was almost the first to be built. The year 1954 sounds absurd in this case, if only taking into account the fact that during the Second World War, and even in the First, the railways were actively used. There are two options left. 1796 - a turning point between the reign of Catherine the Great and Paul the Great. The merits of Ekaterina Alekseevna, of course, are great, but she did not reach the railway. This was done by her grandson, Nikolai 1. The construction of the first railway (Tsarskoye Selo) and the completion of the construction of the Moscow-St. Petersburg railway were entirely his merit.

Answer: 2154

The third version of the assignment (Arthasov's collection)

We are looking for the simplest events. For example, Oleg’s campaign in Byzantium. Oleg, who was later nicknamed Prophetic, was a regent with the infant son of Rurik Igor himself. Knowing this fact, we understand that it is impossible to leave beyond the 10th century, and we have only one such option - 907.

Next, the entry of the USSR into the League of Nations. The USSR was formed only in 1922, which means that no dates before this year in principle interest us. The choice was between 1934 and 1941. But here is unusually easy! The USSR cannot join the League of Nations in 1941, because already in 1939 we were expelled from there. We remember that at the beginning of the Second World War, the USSR was no longer in the League of Nations.

Moving on, all-conscription conscription - what is it and when did it happen? This moment belongs to the series of reforms of Alexander 2. In 1874, a military reform was carried out, where he introduced the all-conscription military service. There were a lot of questions related to military service and it is quite difficult to remember everything. However, it is necessary to work on associations. Alexander 2 was nicknamed the Liberator for the abolition of serfdom in 1861. It is logical that partially equalizing all people, it was necessary to equate their military duties. Therefore, the set has become omnipotent.

All that remains is the Novotrade Charter. Its author was A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin. His surname is quite unusual, which means that he should be well remembered. He was a comrade-in-arms of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, which means that all this dates back to the 17th century, and we have only one such option - 1667.

Answer: 2154

The fourth version of the assignment (Arthasov's collection)

We start as always with an easy one to simplify our task. The wedding of Ivan the Terrible to the kingdom. It should be understood that his reign was in the 16th century, which means that the wedding took place in those same years. We are offered only one option from the 16th century and this is 1547. The wedding was a landmark event, because it was Ivan Vasilyevich who became the first king in Russia. It took place in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

As soon as an architectural structure is encountered in a task, do not be too lazy to find its image and try to remember it, this will help you in task No. 19, where you can see images of cathedrals, temples, etc.

The conclusion of the Tilsit peace is also an important event. It is the unpopularity of this world that will subsequently become one of the causes of the Patriotic War of 1812. Knowing this fact, we understand that his conclusion occurred several years before the war. Of all those proposed, only 1807 is suitable, and this is true.

The siege of Kiev by the Pechenegs. The word Pechenegs carries us to Ancient Russia. The choice falls on two options 1036 or 1111. 1111 - the year of the crusade, as well as the battle of Salnica between the South Russian princes and the Polovtsy. In this battle, the Polovtsian army was defeated. Understanding that in 1111 Russia fought with the Polovtsy, we can guess that the danger of the Pechenegs attack was already exterminated. It was in 1036 that the Pechenegs last attacked Russia - the siege of Kiev, which was successfully repulsed by Russian squads.

The convocation of the First State Duma remains. In general, the First State Duma can be called the Bulygin Duma, created in 1905, however, it was only of a legislative nature. And a year later, the legislative State Duma was convened, which rightfully became the first with all the appropriate powers.

Answer: 1643

The work consists of two parts and 25 tasks .

First part   contains 19 tasks  with a short answer:

• tasks for choosing and recording the correct answers from the proposed list of answers
• tasks for determining the sequence of the location of these elements
• tasks for establishing the correspondence of elements, data in several information series
• assignments for determination by the indicated signs and a record in the form of a word (phrase) of the term, name, name, century, year, etc.

Actually, the standard answer is either a number, or a sequence, or a phrase.

The distribution of tasks in parts of the examination work

Parts of work	Number of tasks	Maximum Primary Ball	Job type
1 part	19	31	Short answer
2 part	6	24	Detailed response
Total	25	55

Second part   contains 6 tasks  with a detailed answer.

In tasks under numbers   20, 21 and 22   we are waiting for a set of tasks related to the analysis of a historical source (carrying out attribution of a source; extracting information; attracting historical knowledge to analyze the source’s problems, the author’s position). In other words, it is necessary to analyze the presented text, which is taken from a historical source.

Tasks from 23 to 25 associated with the use of techniques of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis to study historical processes and phenomena.

Task 23 connected with the analysis of any historical problem or situation.

Task 24 -  from  analysis of historical versions and assessments, argumentation of various points of view with the involvement of knowledge of the course of history.

Task 25   involves writing a historical work (some examples you can find below). A graduate has the opportunity to choose one of the three periods of Russian history and demonstrate his knowledge and skills on the most familiar historical material.

Time

On the examination of history 3 hours 55 minutes  (235 minutes).

The approximate lead time for individual tasks is:

• for each task of the first part:   3-7 minutes
• for each task of the second part (except task 25): 5–20 minutes
• for task 25: 40–80 minutes